Iyúškiŋyaŋ Lakȟól iyapi Uŋspéwičhakhiyapi

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Apple R L ed ako C ta lo L ud an In gu di ag an e Sc

1 Iyúškiŋyaŋ Lakȟól iyapi Uŋspéwičhakhiyapi Sixth Grade Written by Kristin Alten Illustrated by Cecil Apple R L ed ako C ta lo L ud an In gu di ag an e Sc Pr ho oje ol ct American Indian Studies Research Institute

Wóuŋspe 3 Learning More About Coming and Going Places 40 So far, we have learned to talk about coming and going in general terms if the stage of completion is not important.

2 Wóuŋspe 3 Learning More About Coming and Going Places 40 So far, we have learned to talk about coming and going in general terms if the stage of completion is not important. In those instances, ú can be used to mean come and yá can be used to mean go. However, Lakota has several different words that mean come and go. Each one indicates a direction of movement, either toward the speaker or away from the speaker. They also include in their meaning the stage of completion of the motion whether it is starting, continuing, or ending. If you are aware of those details, you must use the more specific coming or going verb. Study the chart on the following page to learn the basic Lakota verbs of motion. Sixth Grade

Arriving On The Way Departing Here (coming) hí ú hiyú There (going) í yá iyáya While ú and yá can be used in a general sense, they also have more specific meanings: ú means to be coming on the way

3 Arriving On The Way Departing Here (coming) hí ú hiyú There (going) í yá iyáya While ú and yá can be used in a general sense, they also have more specific meanings: ú means to be coming on the way here and yá means to be going on the way there. Here are some examples of coming and going sentences where the stage of completion is important: Hé híŋhaŋni hí. Denver ektá yé. Tókhiya iyáya hwo? He arrived this morning. She s on her way to Denver. Where is he (where did he set out for)? Owáyawa etáŋhaŋ hiyú he? Did she leave from school (to come here)? UNIT 2: Hobbies and Games 41

To say the I form of hí, ú, hiyú, and í, add wa-. To say the you form, add ya-. The I and you forms for yá and iyáya are not as regular as the other coming and going verbs.

4 To say the I form of hí, ú, hiyú, and í, add wa-. To say the you form, add ya-. The I and you forms for yá and iyáya are not as regular as the other coming and going verbs. Here are the I and you forms of yá and iyáya, along with their forms when they are paired with the future-marking enclitic kta. 42 I + kta you + kta blá lá mníŋ kta níŋ kta iblábla ilála S ixth G r a de iblámniŋ kta ilániŋ kta L ed ako C ta lo L ud an In gu di ag an e Sc Pr ho oje ol ct iyáya you R yá I

Activities 1. Get together with a partner.

the people in the pictures below are in.

use? Take turns saying in Lakota what is

Robert is on his way Mom, I am leaving Are

5 Activities 1. Get together with a partner. Talk about what stage of coming or going the people in the pictures below are in. What Lakota coming or going verb would you use? Take turns saying in Lakota what is happening in the pictures. Robert is on his way Mom, I am leaving Are you leaving to to the park. for school. come to the restaurant? UNIT 2: H o bbie s a nd G a me s My daughter went to the dance. L ed ako C ta lo L ud an In gu di ag an e Sc Pr ho oje ol ct My older brother is coming here. 43 R I m on my way!

Wayáwapi Wóškate óta waškáte waštéwalake.

Owáyawa ohákab čhaŋkáhowatȟuŋ na čháŋčheǧa wakábubu.

Wétu kiŋ háŋ howákhuwa séče éyaš ptaŋyétu kiŋ háŋ wakhúl s a.

6 Wayáwapi Wóškate óta waškáte waštéwalake. Owáyawa ektá tȟabškátapi, tȟab ápȟapi na khiškátapi waškáte. Owáyawa ohákab čhaŋkáhowatȟuŋ na čháŋčheǧa wakábubu. Okóihaŋke kiŋ šuŋk ákaŋmaŋkiŋ na pteyúha oškáte ektá blé. Wétu kiŋ háŋ howákhuwa séče éyaš ptaŋyétu kiŋ háŋ wakhúl s a. Pȟahíŋ Siŋté él na Ȟé Sápa él wakhúl waí. S ixth G r a de R 52 L ed ako C ta lo L ud an In gu di ag an e Sc Pr ho oje ol ct Waníyetu kiŋ eháŋ háŋpapȟečhuŋpi waškáte. Ečháŋni Čhúŋkaške él háŋpapȟečhuŋpi akíčhiyapi él ómapȟa kte. Líla iwíbluškiŋ!

7 Unit 3: Wičhóiye 86 Lakȟól iyapi Wašíčuiyapi Wóuŋspe aŋpéhaŋ earlier today 3 áya to carry something along 5 áble I am carrying something ále you are carrying something áye he/she/it is carrying something blokéhaŋ last summer 1 blokétu summer 1 čhakáhotȟuŋ guitar 3 Čhaŋnápȟopa wí February 4 Čhaŋpȟásapa wí July 4 Čhaŋwápe ǧí wí September 4 Čhaŋwápe kasná wí October 4 Čhaŋwápetȟo wí May 5 ečháuŋ to do something 3 ečhámuŋ I am doing something ečhánuŋ you are doing something ečháuŋ he/she/it is doing something ečhúŋ to do something 3 ečhámuŋ I am doing something Sixth Grade

8 ečhánuŋ you are doing something ečhúŋ he/she/it is doing something haŋhépi night 2 hinápȟa to come out from, to come out of 5 wahínapȟe I am coming out from/of yahínapȟe you are coming out from/of hinápȟe he/she/it is coming out from/of híŋhaŋni morning 2 ȟtayétu evening 1 í to arrive at a place away from here 5 waí I arrived there yaí you arrived there í he/she/it arrived there imáhel within something 2 Ištáwičhayazaŋpi wí March 4 itówapinaškaŋškaŋ movie 2 iwóyaka to talk about something/somebody 5 iwóblake I talked about something/somebody iwólake you talked about something/someone iwóyake he/she talked about something/ someone iyáya to leave from here going there 5 ibláble I am leaving from here to go there ilále you are leaving here to go there iyáye he/she/it is leaving here to go there Unit 3: What Time Is It? 87

aglágla Čhaŋkú aglágla mázaska iyéwaye. earlier My aunt arrived earlier. for awhile I haven t seen him for a while.

9 ečháŋni Ečháŋni lekšíwaye kiŋ hí kte. Vocabulary Builder Adverbs soon My uncle will arrive soon. lečhála Tȟuŋwíŋwaye kiŋ lečhála hí. tȟéhaŋ Tȟéhaŋ waŋbláke šni. isákhib Hugmíya núŋpa isákhib maŋké. ináȟni Ináȟni wígli oínažiŋ ektá mawáni. uŋgná Uŋgná ičámna kte séče. aglágla Čhaŋkú aglágla mázaska iyéwaye. earlier My aunt arrived earlier. for awhile I haven t seen him for a while. beside I sat beside the bicycle. quickly I quickly walked to the gas station. maybe Maybe it will snow. alongside I found money along the road. waná now 106 Waná wačhíŋ. Sixth Grade I want it now.

10 Lakota Language Project Pine Ridge, South Dakota American Indian Studies Research Institute Indiana University

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