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1 W DOCUMENT RESUME ED FL AUTHOR Kabat, Grazyna; And Others TITLE Cestina pro Pokrocile (Intermediate Czech). INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 95 NOTE 265p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS IDENTIFIERS MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. Communicative Competence (Languages); *Cultural Awareness; *Czech; *Grammar; Higher Education; Instructional Materials; Language Patterns; *Reading Materials; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Serials; Textbooks; Uncommonly Taught Languages; *Vocabulary Development *Authentic Materials ABSTRACT The textbook in intermediate Czech is designed for second-year students of the language and those who already have a basic knowledge of Czech grammar and vocabulary. It is appropriate for use in a traditional college language classroom, the business community, or a government language school. It can be covered in a year-long conventional university course or a 10-week intensive course. Lessons are based on authentic reading passages from Czech daily newspapers and magazines, and introduce students to contemporary culture. After each passage, a set of 20 communicative activities and grammar exercises are presented. Topics of the 14 lessons are: traveling; cooking; education; Prague; the Czech anthem; health; life in the city; writer Karel Polacek; work; business; traveler and collector Vojtech Naprstek; history; holidays; and humol. (MSE) ********************************************************w************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *

2 tfatina PRO POKROCILE INTERMEDIATE CZECH Grazyna Kabat with Eva Roubalovi and Michael Heim 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUC.E THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C T us DE PAR1ME NT OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INF OIYMAT ION CENTER IF RIC Tivt, Olt urnert Itt,,'.. 1(1,,,rhiro,1 wee.ved thr 17,1,,, I 1,111a.,...11, (Myli.11.,1 MinO, tnp (11.14I, t 10 T141 LD04-.ATInNAI RI,-,4,1;144 I MA 1 ION ten 1E B tl Ric) BEST COPY AVAILABLE 4,0

3 6EgTINA PRO POKROtILE INTERMEDIATE CZECH Grazyna Kabat with Eva Roubalovit and Michael Heim Center For Applied Linguistics 1995

4 Preface Ce tina pro pokrodle is a book for those students who want to communicate more fluently in the Czech language. It is intended for second-year students of Czech or for those who already have a good basic knowledge of Czech grammar and vocabulary. Although this textbook may be used in the traditional American university classroom, it can easily be used by the business community as well as government language schools. I have tried to pay attention to all aspects of the language as it might best be approached by the student: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Despite the advanced nature ofmany aspects of the book, it can be covered in a year-long standard university course or in a ten-week intensive summer course. Lessons are based on authentic reading passages taken from recent Czech daily newspapers and magazines. These materials were specifically chosen not only because they focus on timely topics, but also because they introduce the student to the most salient aspects of contemporary Czech culture. Teachers and students should find it quite easy to use these passages as a springboard for further discussion. After each passage there is also a set of twenty communicative activities and grammar exercises which should reinforce some of the more advanced essentials of Czech grammar and should also underline the more important language patterns. It should be stressed that because a basic goal of the book is to expand the student's vocabulary, the student will often fmd himself referring to a Czech-English dictionary. But though this vocabulary is substantially more varied than that encountered in first year courses, it is nevertheless always drawn from those materials common to life in today's Czech Republic. Finally, I would like to thank those who helped me. I remain indebted to Dr. Eva Roubalovd from the Charles University for her many flne ideas and corrections and to Dr. Michael Heim from the University of California whose painstaking revision of the book's grammar sections has been invaluable. I would also like to express my appreciation to my husband, Dr. Martin Kabat, who encouraged me throughout the year, and to Dr. Barbara Robson without whom this book would never have been written. Final thanks are due to the International Research and Studies Program, U.S. Department of Education. The entire project was funded by Grant No. P017A from that office to the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, D.C. G.K.

5 Preface Table of Contents Lekce 1 Lekce 2 Lekce 3 Lekce 4 Lekce 5 Lekce 6 Lekce 7 Lekce 8 Lekce 9 Lekce 10 Table of Contents Traveling Review of Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns and Numerals Cooking Review of Verbs Education Relative Clauses Prague - the Capital The Past and Present Conditional Mood, Indirect Discourse m rv-v Czech Anthem Personal Nouns as Possessive Adjectives, Declension of Foreign Words Declension of the type devee, Forming Nouns from Other Parts of Speech Health Adjectives formed from Nouns, Verbs, and Adverbs Duals Life in the City Verb Prefixes The Number Noun, Irregular Declension of the Cardinal Numbers Karel Polidek - Writer Prefixes in Nouns and Adjectives Compound Adjectives Work Reflexive Pronouns Indefinite Adverbs, Adjectives. and Pronouns Connecting Words in Coordinated Clauses Business Reflexive Passive Voice Compound Passive Voice Verbal Nouns Participles IV

6 Lekce 11 Lekce 12 Lekce 13 Lekce 14 Vojtech Niprstek - Traveler and Collector Subordinate Clauses Short Forms of Hard Adjectives Expressions History Word Order Secondary Imperfective Verbs Reflexive Verbs Holidays Diminutives Pejorative Forms Numerals in -krat Collective Numerals Humor Colloquial Czech V

7 Lekce 1 e J.PIn - j USit "'roe.. Te 0 p 1 ire _00NO ,,, 4-',35 '2, 4 --5ecikl.- rv0;ks' '' e Ltriosiec s Bilinao 0, n,,q, Duchcov c" tautly HaviknokIli bodsoiiai nice - Kip o - 4 Miene 5

8 Lekce 1 deske STREDOHON Romantickci krajina vytvotenci sopkami Myglenka na vglet nebo dovolenou strcivené na severu Ceské republiky nom ve125-inou pftlig lalcavci nepripadci o zdejgi zni6ene pfirode se toho toti2 v poslednich letech napsalo a namluvilo opravdu mnoho. Ale proive tacly, na samem kraji Krugngch hor, maieme no:fit malebng lcraj Ceského stfedohofi. Tato chremenci krajinnci oblastje pomerne rozsdhlci zaujimd plochu pfibli2ne gestncicti set kilometra etvereertich, kteret se rozprostiret od Loun (o nich se dokonce fikã, ie jsou vstupni branou do Stfedohoft) a2 po Kamenick0 Senov. Pohoff je sope6ného pavodu a tak kopca a kope&a, nèkdy trochu nezvykloch tvani, je tu snarl tolik, 2e bychomje ani nespoeitali. A moind prove &Icy této bohaté C-lenitosti krajiny pasobi Ceské stfedohoff talc romanticlajm dojmem, 2e se sem ncivgtèvnici retdi a znovu vraceji. Udolt Labe rozdeluje tuto oblast na dva v podstate samostatné celky Verne fické a Milegovické stfedohofi. Nejvyggim vrcholem pnme jmenované &Asti je Secllo (726 m), té druhé pak samozfejme Milegovka (837 m). ZcleySI ncidhernci krajina a hezko vw-tled z Milegovky ovem nejsou jedinom lakadlem pro turisty. Stfedohoff poskytuje ideãlni podminky mnoha druham i tech nejnaroeneigich rostlin, které nemetme moinos jinde uvidét. Na Bore6ském vrctur nedaleko Lovosic je najdeme dokonce i v mrazivém zirnnim poeasi. Ale pozorl Vetgina 3 techto krdsngch kytieek, které pilmo svcidèjf k tomu vzit si je domet do velzy, je chrdnena zokonem a pokuty za jejich utrienijsou skutedné vysoké. Na své si tu pfgdou historiclajch pamatek z mno2stvf hrada, zamka, zficenin i hezky upravengch kostela je velmi té2ké si vybrat. Pokud se vyclame za kultumimi zajimavostmi, urcit6 bychom neméli vynechat napfuclad KamOk nebo Litoméfire. KamOk se maie pochlubit nejen zficeninou hradu zpustlého za tficetileté valky a barokni kapli, ale take gm, 2e prcive zde n6kolikrcit poboval Bedfich Smetana. Starobylé Litomèfice si zase jako sve pasobigte vybrali Josef Jungmann a Karel Hynek Macha, ktenj tady v roce 1836 take zemfel. Zklarncinf z toho, 2e rozhledna na Milegovce nerd navgtévnikam pfistupnci, si zcela ureite vynahradime v nedaleké obci Milegov. Na strrné aedi.covê skate stoji renesaneni zdmek ze gestncirtého stoleti, k nému2 o sto let pozdeji byla pfistavëna jegté barokni &1st. V soucasné dobé tato pamcitka slou2i. stargm lidem, o né2 se nemci kdo postarat. Je gkoda, 2e o této ojedinélé krajine vi tak malo lidi. Ov"Sem ti, kdo Ceske stfedohofi opravdu dobfe znaji a maji rota to pova2uji za gtesti. Neni toti2 jisté, co by se vzcicnomi rostlinami udelal velk0 pfiuv turista. Pfiznejrne si uprimne, ne ka2d z ncis se umi na voletè nebo dovolené chovat talc, aby

9 Lekce 1 pfirocla nebyla zbyteãné ohroiena. Rozhovor Jiti -Marek Jiti Marek -Marek Jiti -Marek Jiti Marek -Jiti -Marek Marek -Marek -Jiff Marek -Marek Jiff -Marek 1.12 ma po dovolené? Ano, mel jsem dovolenou v eervenci. Kde jsi byl? Jezdil jsem po Cechdch a Morave. Navkévoval jsem hrady a zamky. Ma. rdd historii? To taky, ale hlavne obdivuju umélecke ptedmety, obrazy, stary nabytek, vlastné cely interier, jak jej vidi na kamém hrade nebo zamku. Sarnoztejme se mi libi hrady a zarnky jako unikátni stavby v krdsné ptirode. Mnoho zarnku i hradfi 1eI v chranéné oblasti, maji prosté ptekrásné okoli. By lo to ptijemné prohlednout si zamek a potom park nebo hrad a jeho okoli. Které hrady a zamky jsi navkivil? V Cechdch goticky hrad Kost a na Morave Pernkejn, to je podivuhodnyr hrad, a potom Helfkyrn. Tam jsem videl pracovat opravdového uméleckeho kovate. By lo to velmi zajirnavé. Mne se zarnky libi vic. Je tam tolik krdsnych véci. To je pravda. Kdyi jsem byl v zdpadnich Cechach, u svého stryrce, kteryr se léeil v Karlovyrch Varech, navkivil jsem take zdmek Loket, kde je nádhernd vystava porceldnu. Pak jsem zamitil na sever do Fryrdlantu a pak ptes vychodni Cechy na Moravu. Byl jsi v Lednici? Samoztejme, ani nevim pokolikáté. Nejenom zamek, ale i park stoji za to navkivit. Cetl jsem v novindch, Ze v Opoene objevili dosud neznamy obraz Heronyma Bosche. To je pravda. V Opoene je mnoho zajimavych obrazil, ale jisté jsi u byl v Krométai podivat se na obraz Tiziana. Vim, 2e md rdd malitstvi. To vi, 2e jsem tam u2 byl, a nejenom jednou. A co &id tvoje iena? Práve piipravuje vystavu u2itého uméni obdobi secese. Pracuje od rana do veeera. Je s tim hodne prdce. To si umim ptedstavit. Kde bude ta vystava? Umeleckopriamyslovem muzeu? Ano, zahdjena bude u2 ptiki tyden. Ureité se piijdu podivat. Pozdravuj pani, mej se hezky. Ahoj. Ahoj. Doufãm. Ze té brzy uvidim. 4

10 Lekce 1 A ted' mlnvime my! Cv Menl 1 Nejprve si pteetete cely text Ceske sttedohoti" a pak odpovidejte na otazky. 1. Ve které ëdsti Ceske republiky se nachazi Ceske st.tedohon? 2. Proe se vet ine cestovatel6 nezdá tato oblast pti1i ldkavd? 3. Jak velké je Ceske sttedohoti? 4. Proe v této oblasti najdeme kopce ne2vyk1ych tvaria 5. Jakd teka tam tede a na kolik east" rozdéluje Ceske sttedohoti? 6. Vyjmenuj v echny edsti a jejich nejvy i vrcholy. 7. Proe neni mo2ne si tarn natrhat kvetiny? 8. Co je jeke zajimavého v Ceském sffedohoti? 9. Mffiete se podivat na tuto krajinu z rozhledny na Mi1e ovce? 10. Proe si autor mysli, 2e by velky piiliv turistil nebyl pro tuto oblast vhodny? Cv Mewl 2 V textu jsou uvedena jrnena tti vyznamnych osobnosti. Ptipravte si (s kamarddem nebo kamarddkou) otazky, které by yam pomohly néco se o techto lidech dozvedét. Potom se ptejte svych spo1u2akil nebo ueitele a na základe ziskanych fidajfi napi te tti krake 2ivotopisy. Otazky: Zivotopis Zivotopis Zivotopis 5 10

11 Lekce 1 Cviëeni 3 Dokondete véty a pou21jte informace z textu. 1. Sttedohoti poskytuje idedlni podminky 2. Na Boredskem vrchu nedaleko Lovosic se mifte najit 3. Kamyk se mide pochlubit 4. Litometice se mil2ou pochlubit 5. V obci Mile ov je Cvi'deni 4 Popigte podrobne vlastnimi slovy zdinek v Mile ove. Cvideni 5 Ptea.tete si jeke jednou text Ceske sttedohoti" a pak vyprthrejte kolegovi o svém vyletu. Minulou neddli jsem byl/byla v Ceskem sttedohoti Cviteni 6 Pracujte ve dvojicich. Nejdfive na to. co uslykte, reagujte protikladnym adjektivem. Potom ke ka2dému adjektivu najdete vhodnd substantiva. Barokni, bohaty, hezky, krasny, chrdneny, historickyr, kulturni, lakavy, malebny, nddherny, nezvykly, renesan6ni, romanticky, upraveny, vzacny

12 Lekce 1 Ohroient, ojedinelt, start, strmt, te2kt, zbyteent, znident, zpustly Cvideni 7 Pracujte ve dvojicich. Inscenujte setkani dvou pfátel, kteri se chystaji na vtlet, a napike pro né dialog. Sna2te se pou2i'vat co nejvice slovieek z textu Ceske sttedohori". -X Y X Y X -Y X -Y -X Y -X -Y Cvideni 8 Pteetete si jeke jednou rozhovor. Jakd mista jsou tam uvedena? Uka2te je na =Joe Ceske republiky a vyprdvejte, co je tam zajimavého. CvMeni 9 Prineste si obrazky z mist, kterd jste videli, a vyprávejte o nich ve Ptejte se svtch spolu2dku, proe a kam rddi cestuji? Po2ddejte aby yam mista podrobneji popsali. Cvleeni 10 Napike deske kamarddce o svem vtletu v Americe. Kde jste byl/a, co jste delal/a, a co je tam zajimavého pro ndv.stevniky? 7

13 Lekce 1 Gramatika Review 1. NOUNS Nouns have different endings depending on their function in the sentence. Endings also vary according to the noun's gender,whether it is masculine, feminine or neuter and, if the noun is masculine, whether the noun describes an animate (living) or inanimate (lifeless) thing. Finally, all genders are further divided into subgroups known as hard and soft. The chart below illustrates these grammatical divisions. Animate Halrd Sof Masculine Inanimate I I I t Hard Soft Feminine Hard Soft Neuter Hard Masculine Nouns Nouns ending in a consonant are usually masculine. Below are those endings or suffixes which will help you to recognize the masculine gender: -fik, -af, -an, -6, -ek, -1k, -nik, -in, ot Hard and Soft Masculine Nouns Masculine nouns ending in hard consonants (h, eh, k, r, d, t, n, g) and the majority of nouns ending in neutral consonants (b, 1, 1, m, p, s, v, z) belong to the hard declension. Nouns ending in soft consonants, 6, f, c, j, d', f, fa) belong to the soft declension. Masculine, Plural Endings The plural ending for masculine animate nouns in the nominative case is the vowel -i. But if the noun refers to an inanimate object the ending will be -y. Singular student student slovnik dictionary Plural studenti students slovniky dictionaries Masculine animate nouns that end in h, ch, k, r soften and change before 4: Singular Plural h > z druh companion druzi companions ch > ' hoch boy ho i boys k > c prorok prophet proroci prophets r > f profesor profesofi Feminine Nouns Nouns ending with the vowel -a are predominantly feminine: the feminine gender also include endings or suffixes: est, -ice, -ost,-yne, -ile 8 13 Soft

14 Lekce 1 Hard and Soft Feminine Nouns There is no division into animate or inanimate objects in feminine nouns. Words ending in -a signal the hard declension and words ending in other vowels or consonants signal the soft declension. Feminine, Plural Endings The nominative plural of feminine nouns belonging to the hard declension is most frequently formed in -y. Feminine nouns belonging to the soft declension are generally formed in -e. Singular divka girl lampa lamp tabule blackboard Plural divky girls lampy lamps tabule blackboards The Suffix (-ka) Feminine nouns of nationality or profession can be formed by adding the suffix -ka to the masculine noun. Masculine Ameritan Kanad'an doktor profesor Feminine Ameritanka Kanad'anka doktorka profesorka If the masculine noun ends in -ec, the sufflx -ka is simply added to the stem: Masculine cizinec foreigner Némec German Feminine cizinka foreigner Nemka German Note that before -ka the letters ch, k, h, g change to their corresponding soft consonants: ch > k > h > g > Masculine ech Czech technik technician druh companion biolog biologist Irregular : Slovák Slovenka Feminine tegka Czech techniëka technician drutka companion bioloika biologist Neuter Nouns All nouns in -o or -i, and some in -e are neuter. Nouns with the suffix -126t6 are also neuter: letike airport..,=.0,r

15 Lekce 1 Hard and Soft Neuter Nouns Hard consonants are followed by -o and belong to the hard declension. Soft consonants are followed by -e and belong to the soft declension. Neuter, Plural Endings All hard neuter nouns end in -a in the nominative plural. Soft neuter nouns end in -e. Singular mesto city mote sea Plural mesta cities mofe seas 2. ADJECTIVES An adjective describes, modifies or qualifies a noun or pronoun. It answers the question jaky? (what kind?), ktery? (which one?), or kolik? (how many?) The adjective--with few exceptions--precedes the noun it modifies. It always agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies: dobrt dlovek (good person), velki gkola (big school), hezké dëvde (pretty girl), moderni budova (modern building) Hard and Soft Adjectives Besides hard adjectives which end in -Sr, Czech language also has soft adjectives. They end in -1: dlouhy long, vynikajici marvellous. Adjectives, Plural Endings The nominative plural ending for masculine hard animate adjectives is -i and for masculine hard inanimate adjectives the ending is -é. Adjectives which modify feminine nouns also end in -é. The nominative plural ending of neuter adjectives is -a. Singular maly kluk little boy maly dum little house mald holka little girl male okno little window Plural mali kluci little boys male domy little houses male holky little girls malit okna little windows As with nouns some consonants change (soften) before certain endings. This occurs before the ending -i in the nominative plural of masculine animate adjectives: r > k > c ch > n > d > d' t > t' sk > - t Singular dobry mu2 good man velky pan great master tichy chlapec quiet boy pekny hoch handsome boy chudy elovek poor person bohaty ptitel rich friend 6esky doktor Czech doctor Plural dobri =di good men velci path great masters tif chlapci quiet boys pekni hal handsome boys chudi lidc poor people bohati pfatele rich friends defiti doktofi Czech doctors

16 Lekce ck > -6t anglicky kluk English boy angliëti kluci English boys Adjectival Surnames Some Czech surnames take adjectival forms and are declined like adjectives. Thus, Veselt (as in pan Veself) is declined like a masculine adjective, Veseli (as in pani Veseli) is declined like a feminine adjective. Female surnames with suffix -ova are declined like regular hard adjectives (Viddl jsem pana Knolla i pani Knollovou). Comparative Form of Adjectives Adjectives expressing qualities have comparative and superlative _degrees. Because they end in -i, they are declined like soft adjectives. vkusny old&i tasty lunch vkusna ve6ete tasty dinner vkusné maso tasty meat vkusnèjai obëd tastier lunch vkusnejai veaefe tastier dinner vkusnëjai maso tastier meat Formation of the Comparative Degree The regular comparative form of the adjective replaces the endings and -i with -ejai, or -di.. -ejai Adjectives ending in -1k, -st, mily nice drzy insolent milejai nicer drzejai more insolent -6j i Adjectives ending in -by', -0, -vsr and all soft adjectives pekny pretty peknëjai prettier novy new novèjai newer moderni modern moderzajai more modern -6t6j i -6t6j i Adjectives ending in -ckt or -skt prakticky practical praktiatëjai more practical ptatelsky friendly piatelatejai friendlier Some adjectives ending in rs,, dy stary old mlady young Some adjectives ending in -lit hezky nice hezei nicer malty soft mékai softer starm older mladai younger

17 Lekce In some adjectives the final hard consonants change in the stem when forming the comparative: h > ubohy poor ubcdej i poorer k > 6 horky hot horde* hotter ch > tichy quiet ti i quiet z > blizky close WM close r > I chytry smart chytfej i. smarter Irregular Comparative Forms of Adjectives The most frequently used irregular forms of follows: dobry good gpatny bad zly evil velky big, great dlouhy long drahy expensive hluboky deep kratky short maly small nizky low tichy quiet, silent te2k1 heavy IlzkY narrow velky big vysoky high "irolcy wide lep i better horli worse horfi worse vet i bigger, greater del i longer drat i more expensive hlub i deeper krat i shorter men i smaller ni2 1 lower ti i quieter Win heavy ui i narrower v6tiii bigger Try i higher ir i wider the comparative are as Superlative Degree Forms The superlative form of the Czech adjective is formed by adding the prefix nej- to the comparative form. lep i better rychlej i faster v6t i bigger nejlep i the best nejrychlej i the fastest nejvtai the biggest 3. PRONOUNS Pronouns have the same grammatical features gender, case and number as nouns Pronouns either substitute for nouns or modifie them. ji (I), jeho (his), tento (this one), kdo? (who?) Personal Pronouns -ja,(i), ty (you), oni (they) etc. Personal pronouns take the place of nouns which refer to persons or things. They are not used as the subject of a sentence, except for emphasis:

18 Lekce 1 Mluvim desk-sr. Ji mluvfm &sky, on mluvi panelsl. I speak Czech. I speak Czech, he speaks Spanish. The pronouns ji (I), ty (you), my (we), vy (you plural), oni (they), refer to persons only. The pronouns on (he), ona (she), ono (it), ony (they),refer to things as well as persons. Short and Long Forms When the pronoun functions in a sentence as a possessive (genitive case), indirect object (dative case), or direct object (accusative case), it can take either the short me, mi, të, ti form or the long mne, mne, tebe, tobe form. The longer forms are used both for emphasis and with prepositions. Rekl mi to veera. Mne to fekl vtera. He told me that yesterday. He told it to me yesterday. Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstrative pronoun is a word that used to point out one object or person among several. It may also correspond to the English definite article the. There are several forms of demonstrative pronouns. When ten occurs with the suffix to or more colloquially tohie "this" is emphasized, ten occurs with the prefix tam only to contrast two people or objects. Tento mu2 je jeji bratr, tamten mu2 je jeji man2el. This man is her brother, that man is her husband. ten mu2 ta 2.ena to okno this or that man this or that woman this or that window tento mu2 this man (here) tato 'term this woman (here) toto okno this window (here) tenhle mu2 this man (here) tamten mu2 that man (over there) tahle 2ena this woman (here) tamta 2ena that woman (over there) tohle okno this window (here) tamto okno that window (over there) Possessive Pronouns mñj kabát my coat tvfij kabát your coat jeho kabát his coat jeji kabát her coat jeho kabát its coat nag kabát our coat moje, ma lampa my lamp tvoje, tvit lampa your lamp jeho lampa his lamp jeji lampa her lamp jeho lampa its lamp nage lampa our lamp moje, me mésto my city tvoje, tvé mesto your city jeho mésto his city jeji mésto her city jeho mesto its city mule mesto our city Mitntaitalr,a _tk -emnrotozretil--17-:

19 Lekce 1 vm kabdt your coat jejich kabdt their coat va e lampa our lamp jejich lampa their lamp Ci je to kniha? Moje. Whose book is that? Mine. va e mésto our city jejich mésto their city Reflexive Pronouns Because the reflexive personal pronoun refers back to the subject, it has no nominate form. Koupim si to. Pi u o sob& Myju si nice. I will buy it for myself. I am writing about myself. I am washing my hands. Likewise the reflexive possessive pronouns svilj, svá, své refer back to the subject. The function of the reflexive possessive pronoun is particularly important in the third person. Note the following sentence: Jan miluje svou Zenu. Jan loves his [own( wife. Jan miluje jeho Zenu. Jan loves his (someone else's] wife. Negative Pronouns The negative pronouns are formed by adding tile prefix ni- to the interrogative pronoun forms. After negative pronouns, the verb must be prefixed with ne-. Czech grammar requires double negation. Nikdo ho nemi rdd. kd o? co? ai? jak? jakrnikdo no one nic nothing. niëi no one's nijak not at all nijakt, 'isidnt none No one likes him. Indefmite Pronouns Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding the prefix n'e- to interrogative pronouns. Nékdo ho vide? Did anybody see him? Ntkdo jde. Somebody is coming. kdo? co? ai? jaky? - kter)"r? - nekdo somebody, anybody neco something, anything nëei someone's, anyone's nëjakt some, any nsktert some

20 Lekce 1 nejakt The pronoun nejakt means "a" or "some kind or; the pronoun n'tktert means "some" of a particular group. Ma v Americe néjakeho pritele. Videl jsem tam nejake muie. Nekteti lidé s nirn souhlasi. He has a friend in America. I saw some men there. Some people agree with him. 4. NUMERALS Cardinal Numerals Cardinal numerals answer the question kolik? (how many)?: jeden jedna jedno mnl (one), take the singular, dva dve (f+n) (two), til (three), etyti (four) take the plural: Kup jednu knihu, dva easopisy a di nebo etyfi pera. Buy one book, two magazines, and three or fourpens. 5 and above take genitive plural: Kup pet knih, dvamict easopisu a tiiadvacet per. Buy five books, twelve magazines, and twenty three pens. The verb is always in the singular, and if is in the past it takes a neuter (-o) ending. The same rules apply to indefinite numerals : Zde ilo pet mu2u. mnoho málo kolik tolik nékolik many, much few, little how many? how much? so many, so much a few, several, some There were _five men living here. Zde 2ije millo ten. There are few women living here. Zde ilo Truilo ten. There were few women living here. Ordinal Numerals Ordinal numerals express numerical sequence and answer the question koliktits, (which one?). The ordinal numerals function as adjectives and are declined like adjectives. Note that the numerals prvni and tieti are declined like sort adjectives and the rest are declined like hard adjectives: Prvni (first), druht Ern), druhá druhe En) (second), tiled (third), etvrtt (forth), etc. Warn listek do prvni tady. Pi.S desitt dopis. I have a ticket to the first row. I am writing already the tenth letter. 1 5

21 Lekce 1 CVI6ENi 1 Doplfite spravné tvary substantiv. Vzor: Veera jsem koupila (kniha a noviny). Veera jsem koupila knihu a noviny. 1. Rad jezdim ven do (ptiroda) 2. Ji 2ni Cechy jsou (kraj) (rybnik) 3. Dopoledne jsme si prohledli (zamek) a odpoledne jsme na (prochazka) do (les) 4. Dnes je hezky, a tak se püjdeme projit k (teka) 5. Stravili jsme (dovolend) na (sever) Cech. 6. Projdéte (brana) a hned uvidite (kaple). 7. LI2 jsme hodnd s1ye1i o (Ceské sttedohoti) 8. Okna v hotelu nemaji (vyhled) na hrad. 9. V kterém (kostel) je dnes M e? 10. Na (obra.z) je malebna krajina. CVItEN1 2 Dopkite spravne tvary substantiv a adjektiv. Vzor: Vtera jsem koupila (anglicka kniha a eeské noviny). Veera jsem koupila anglickou knihu a 6eské noviny. 1. V (Ceská republili=a) je mnoho (zajimavd mista) 2. Rekl nam mnoho (zajimavost) o (chran6né rostliny) 3. V (soueasna doba) neni zamek ptistupny (vetejnost) 4. Na (Prat.sky hrad) byla dnes otevtena vystava (vzacné gperky) 5. V (barokni doba) bylo postaveno mnoho (krasny kostel) 6. Nic nevim o (tticetileta valka) 7. Vylezli jsme si na (vysoka skala) abychom lepe videli. 8. Poprvé vidim tak (krasna pamatka) kterd je tak (znitend) 9. Budeme muset zaplatit pomern.d (vysoka pokuta) za (rychla jizda) 10. Ve (ktery rok) se to stalo? CVItENt 3 Dopltite spravne" tvary vyrazu v zavorkach. Vzor: Veera jsem koupila (anglicka kniha a eeské noviny). Vdera jsem koupila anglickou knihu a 6eskê noviny. 1 6

22 Lekce 1 1. Krajina (Ceske sttedohoti) se mi velmi libila. 2. Je tam mnoho (kopec) (rozmanite tvary) 3. Mi1egovka je (nejvy i vrchol) (Ceske stfedohoti). 4. Kamyk se mit2e pochlubit (pobyt) Bedtich Smetana 5. Prohlédli jsme si renesanëni zamek ze ( estnacté stoleti). 6. Zamek dnes s1oui (staff. lidé) 7. Je koda, 2e o (tento kraj) vi jen mdlo (cestovatel) 8. Ta vystava nas seznamila se (vzacné rostliny) 9. (Minula nedéle) jsme se vydali za (krasa pfirody) 10. Myslim, te se sem (ndv t.f:.vnici) radi vraceji. CVICEN1 4 Vyberte spravny vyraz. Vzor: Napi dopis a. sestra b. sestry c. sestte Napi dopis 1. Minuly vikend jsme byli na zajimavy vylet b. zajimavem vylete c. zajimavému vyletu 2. Kdo z vas byl v a Ceském sttedohoti? b. Ceskemu sttedohoti? c. Ceske sttedohoti? 3. Odoli Labe rozdeluje tuto oblast na dye Cast. chrandné krajinné b. chranénou krajinnou c. chrdnena krajinna 4. jsme potkali mnoho tuto cestu d. zahrantani ttiriste b. teto ceste e. zahranidnich turista 1 7

23 Lekce 1 5. Vidëll jsme krasne kvetiny, mnohé z a nich b. nim C. ony jsme ani neznali. 6. Kdy2 jsme byli na, za6alo pr et. Mile ovku b. Mile ovky c. Mile ovce 7. Potom jsme chteli vstoupit na,ale byla zavtend. a starou rozhlednu b. stare rozhledné c. stard rozhledna 8. Nakonec jsme si prohlédli Litometice, starobyle mesto se a zajimavou historii. b. zajimavou historii. c. zajimavé historii. 9. Vidéli jsme mnoho zajimavymi pamdtkami b. zajimavych pamdtek c. zajimavou pamdtkou 10. Nejvic se nam libily a. hezkvani upravenymi kostely b. hezlt: upravené kostely c. hezkych upravenych kostelech CVItENt 5 Dopltite správné tvary vyrazu v zdvorkách. Vzor: Na vylet pojedu s (jedna kamarádka). Na vylet pojedu s jednou kamaridkou. 1. Cestou jsme se zastavili v restauraci U (tti hru ka) 2. Na vrchol jsme vystoupili spolu se (tlyti ptátelé) 3. (31. tijen) jsme piijeli do (Praha) 4. K chate se dostaneme (tato cesta) 5. S (tti male deli) nebude cestoveni jednoduche. 6. Ut cely rok cestujeme po (eeskã republika) pouze s (jedné zavazadlo) 7. Ten hrad je ze (ttinacté stoleti) 1 8

24 Lekce 1 8. Jell jsme tarn jen s (pet studentek) a s (osm studenta) 9. Po (druha na.v.ateva) jsem si UZ dost pamatoval z (historie) hradu. 10. VS, alespofi ptibli2ne, kolik (hrad) a (zamek) je v (Ceska republika) CVICENI 6 Doplfite spravné tvary zajmen. Vzor: Mluvil o (ty). Mluvil o tob. 1. Kde jste byli tak dlouho? U2 jsme pro chteli jit. 2. Dival jsem se dobte, ale (on) jsem tam nevidel. 3. Cesta byla dlouhá a pro (oni) velmi obtitna. 4. Zeptal jsern se (ona), kam pojedou na dovolenou. 5. Byli tam, ale nev iml jsern si 6. Bez (ty) nikam nejdu. 7. Nikdo z (vy) neni uptimny. 8. A ten listek je pro (ja) 9. Chcea jet k (oni) na ndv tevu? 10. S (on) a take s (ona) je to potad stejne. CVItENt 7 Podtr2ene vyrazy dejte do spravného tvaru. Vzor: Ceskd republika To je mapa To je mapa Ceské republiky. ndv tevnik 1. Ka2dy den ptichazi do zamku rnnoho 2. si rni.i2ou prohlednout nejen samotny zarnek, ale take velkou zahradu. chrdnend oblast 1. Tento kraj je znárny nékolika 2. V teto najdeme mnoho vzacnych rostlin. 3. V této adsti republiky neni rnnoho teka 1. Nepujdete se projit k 2. Na btehu je mald restaurace. Kopec 1. V Ceske republice je mnoho 2. Ui jste byli na torn 1 9 L..--,,,,...,.-e.-^`,...,,,..-..,,,,,,,,-.1...,,,,,. g,,,,,,..,,,,-+ar,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,-.,,,,,,,,,,,,...,...,...,...*.y. ' aa.61,