Research plan proposal. Research plan description

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1 Research plan proposal Provider s code MSM RP identification code Research plan title Development of methods of design and operation of transport networks from the point of view of their optimization Applicant Czech Technical University in Prague Administrator Faculty of Transportation Sciences Investigator Prof. Ing. Josef Jíra, CSc. A Research plan description A1 Subject and goal of the research plan Systemic solution for designing, constructing and operation of transportation networks including passenger and freight transportation, road and city transport with regard to its operational, economic and demographic optimisation with the aim of creating mutually unified, centrally controlled transportation system. The whole task will be investigated within the framework of interconnected dependency of the traffic infrastructure on the individual modes and facilities, as well as the service environment (open landscape, settlements of different sizes). The influence of man as a constructor, operator and user plays an essential role in the transportation process and the complex development of the transportation network. Comprehensive solution regarding the introduction of the combined and integrated transportation systems is an integral part of optimal economical approach to the problems of transportation infrastructure, i.e., an effective split of the transported people and goods among the individual means of transport considering their advantages, and aiming at the highest possible productivity and economy. The solution of the problem is topically divided into 7 areas, which determine main ways of dealing with the actual task, and will, at the same time, represent controls of the individual stages of yearly periods. E1: Transportation networks in interaction with the environment, Influence of the development of infrastructure on the economic development. Spatial arrangement of traffic roads. Creation of architecture of techniques and models for a systemic estimation of the influence of transportation on the living environment in both rural and urban areas. Reduction of negative impact of transportation on the environment. Improving the quality of mass transportation in urban areas. Increasing transport safety by optimisation of partial infrastructure proposals, on the basis of expertise prognosis of the development of the transportation modes and ways, as well as the scope of the individual means of transport. Research in the field of new ecological forms of transport. E2: Models for financing of transportation infrastructure, regulation of network branches. The development of transportation infrastructure is also based on modern methods of financing, including the participation combination of both the private and public financial resources. Optimisation of project designing and supervision process, utilization of the state- 1

2 of-the-art information technologies for project management, evolvement of methods of the system analysis with the emphasis on modelling, analysis and quantification of economic risks, as well as increasing the transparency of utilization of available financial resources. With respect to the legislative provisions, our attention will be turned to the principles of public support, with regard to both, the passenger transport and the transport of goods. E3: Optimisation of the system connections among transport modes, logistics, and multimodality. Optimisation of transport and logistic service. Basic research of models and optimisation methods enabling systemic strategic planning and regulation of the network processes concerning the system connections among the individual means of transport, as well as the impact on the surrounding area. The interaction with the neighbourhood occurs in dependency on the human factor and traffic safety, deterioration of the living environment, and building new infrastructure networks. Conditions for liberalization of network branches and regulation processes. System aspects of regulation in relation to the liberalization of transportation market. Extending theoretical fundamentals for evaluation of transport quality and efficiency of the logistic chains in the local, regional and global scope. E4: The development of national transport infrastructure in dependency on the EU long-term transportation concept. The existence of various kinds of transportation generates unified transportation system, which, like any other network branches, requires a certain degree of regulation. After the Czech Republic has entered the EU, the transport network regulation will form an important factor, mainly with respect to the European commercial area and the methods of managing European transport networks. System solution of service of the Czech Republic by means of the high-speed railway network in conformity of the EU high-speed network. E5: Managing regional transportation processes. Research of methods for modelling of transportation processes and the proposal of control system mechanisms supporting decision-making. Research on interoperability of processes in the field of transportation through methods of multilingual translatability of the processes. The question of interoperability of processes is a current problem resulting from the increase of performance and safety of the controlling systems. Research of knowledge systems to support decision-making and control in transportation, in other words, discovering and describing the relations between the information content and information power, formation of meta-knowledge system. Generation of theoretical basis of an on-line surveillance system to monitor the traffic operation and movement of the public transport, the traffic capacity prediction system based on measurement data, drawing of maps depicting the actualised location of vehicles and arrival times at individual stops, system of detection and evaluation of congestions in the urban traffic network. Calculation methods and kinds of traffic junction control. Improving the individual methods of crossroad traffic control in dependency on the amount of traffic and its geometrical shape. E6: Safety of transport route and vehicles. Research of the means of active and passive safety. Increasing safety of transportation by means of optimization of design elements of routes on the basis of qualified prognosis of development of conveyances, traffic modes and traffic extent. Analysing theoretical principles, setting the rules and developing procedures to achieve the required safety and quality of transportation. Development of methods for a complex analysis of accidents, 2

3 regarded a physical phenomenon, together with their regularity and quantity in space and time. E7: Influence of human factor in transportation, the injury biomechanics, system solution of the mobility of handicapped people. Mobility and safety of a human subject in the road transportation system regarded from the aspect of aging. Diagnostic studies based on scientific findings, as well as integrative research, will be aimed at the detection of drivers representing a potential accident risk. Forming a set of instruments, this will respect the needs of the handicapped citizens for their unrestricted movement during their journeys with the use of available kinds of transport modes. Injuries caused by accidents represent a serious problem, not only because of their often very complicated treatment, but also for the reason of persisting consequences. Therefore it is essential to cast light upon the explanation of the malformation processes within the muscular-skeletal system of a human, which occur during the impact; this will make the improvement of the existing protective aids, as well as the equipment, and safety regulations possible. This kind of knowledge shall, further on, significantly contribute to the treatment of such injuries to enable the harmed individual to restore a normal, full-valued life, including the ability of driving. In the framework of the accident biomechanics of the muscular-skeletal system of man, the subject of our research will be specified in concurrence with the previous research plan as follows: Calculation of mathematical models within the biomechanics of a human on the CT, MRI, eventually US basis. Application of algorithms for the computer graphics automatic segmentation, surface reconstruction of the injured body parts, optimisation of network for the application of the finite element method. Development of methods for a more accurate classification of mechanical characteristics of human tissues, and explanation of biomechanical processes in the conditions of extreme loading. Research of the impact load influence on the human head by means of spatial models will allow for specification of the influence of extreme loads, as well as the analysis of malformation processes of the skull from its start till its damage. Investigation of the impact wave propagation will be needed, both in the skull and soft tissues of the head, especially the brain, together with the modelling of patterns to specify the degree of brain damage A2 Present level of knowledge and research activity in sphere which is subject of the research plan, from both international and national standpoints This interdisciplinary issue of the research activity, which is the subject of the research plan, has been intensively studied worldwide. New problems are arising which have been solved unsatisfactorily or not at all. The question of a complex approach to a variety of factors, which, in practice, influence the behaviour of a transportation system, has not yet been solved from the point of view of basic research. This problem will become even more significant with the necessity of planning and designing of the transport network systems, not only at national level, but also in the framework of the European economic area. With regard to the basic research, the knowledge of both general and common models in the field of 3

4 transportation, telecommunication and energetic has not advanced much. At present, new priorities of qualitative character are required from a transportation system. A transportation system is looked at in a complex way, as a mutually connected and supported system consisting of individual subsystems, the operation of which ought not result in confrontation, but, on the contrary, have a synergetic effect. The individual subsystems, both infrastructure and operational ones make use of different model solutions, however, without any complex sequences. The synergetic effect can be reached by application of hierarchy of the heterogenic type of a transport network with an emphasis on the implementation of multimodal transportation, aiming at the creation of chain-based logistic infrastructure with minimum influence of transport technology on the living environment. In the Czech Republic, the present day level of knowledge comprises the field of methodology of mathematical principles of transportation theory, mainly the area of operational research. These include some of the disciplines of linear programming, graph theory, front theory, stock-keeping theory and the solution of the location and allocation problems. With regard to the logistic service, logistic technologies from abroad have been applied at a research level in the conditions of the Czech Republic (Hub and Spoke, Gateway). Some of the tasks were solved in conditions of the deterministic and stochastic linear systems within the framework of the RP 025 of the years The results showed three significant experiences which call for further analysis: it is not possible to define the environment of transportation and logistic systems as a linear environment; it is necessary to result from the solutions made on a network, not on its elements or segments; interoperability of the logistic technologies and optimisation of transport systems is essential, including the application of the principles of logistic reengineering. Estimating the effectiveness of investments in the area of the transport infrastructure and transportation network management is, in this country, disunited, non-systemic, and varies not only in different transport branches but also in individual transport projects. This situation hinders a quality decision-making process, and, consequently, also improved investment of private capital and the PPP (Public-Private-Partnership) system. A completely different situation can be observed in Germany, where for all transport branches a united analysis of costs and revenues is used. This analysis includes a total of social costs, as well as a total of social revenues, including the indirect ones. In the Netherlands, a similar procedure is applied. A number of acceptable methods is possible, however, they must be united and mandatory for all kinds of transport; furthermore, they must be transparent and easily applicable. Modelling of transportation processes, as well as the existence of the system supporting decision-making, are topics of worldwide importance. The present day state of knowledge is highly advanced, there is, nonetheless, still room for further development, above all within the following issues: (i) theory of decision-making in dependency on time stress, (ii) theory of contamination and immunity, (iii) creation of interactive models for simulation and regulation of transportation processes, (iv) formation of managing meta-knowledge system in support of decision-making within the public mass transportation. Both active and passive safety of the means of transport is issues of worldwide importance. Even though the level of knowledge seems to be satisfactory, there is undoubtedly room for improvement. Thus the following areas are likely to get further developed: information systems (statistics), particularly their interdisciplinary coordination at national, and all of them at international level; 4

5 both active and passive passenger car safety, which, in spite of its relatively high level can still be improved, e.g., by the means of introduction of information, and feedback systems, by regarding marginal and non-typical cases, etc.; coordination of the transportation problems solutions among fields of different nature (technical, legislative, medical, informatics). The research also includes the issue of reduction of traffic accidents, their investigation, prevention, and damage control. In many cases, accidents are caused by an erroneous behaviour of man; the failures of technical character take a second place. Despite this fact, technical defects are the causes of accidents with serious consequences on human health and property representing considerable economical losses. The increasing performances of transportation vehicles are very often not in accord with the road modernization lacking the parameters for the present day travel conditions. The brain and viscera injuries represent a severe problem, not only because of their frequency, but for the reason of their economical impact as well - the injured person remains excluded from the labour process for a relatively long time. The most frequent head injuries are due to traffic accidents (60-80%). Injuries of skull and consequently the brain under extreme dynamic load is a complex problem whose solution requires a comprehensive analysis on the basis of the biomechanics of a traumatic event. Foreign research is concentrated on psychology of the young, as well as elderly drivers. Some of the specific projects are concerned with: accident rate and risks, individual differences in behaviour and drivers activities, diagnostics of cognitive, sensomotoric and intellectual functions (representing an increased risk of failure in elderly drivers), the age limits for driving, phenomena influencing changes in driving skills in elderly drivers, objective and/or subjective causes for the driver s career termination. Projects focused on aging and handicapped drivers were launched in the European Union, such as DRIVEAGE, EDDIT, TEILAND or TELSCAN. A3 Sub-goals of the research plan The objective of the research plan is comprehensive solution of the problem issues in transportation area with the focus on 7 concrete themes be tackled: E1: Transportation networks in interaction with their environment. E2: Models for financing transportation infrastructure, regulation of network branches. E3: Optimisation of system structure among the existing transport modes; logistics, and multimodality. E4: Development of national infrastructure in connection with the EU long-term conception in the area of transportation. E5: Regulation of transport processes on regional basis. E6: Safety of travel route and modes. E7: Influence of human factor, injury biomechanics, system solution of the mobility of the handicapped. Solution of this interdisciplinary research plan project will be based on theoretical analyses, experimental modelling, numerical simulation, and fieldwork measurements. The objective of this research plan subject matter is gaining knowledge about the researched phenomena, their proper interpretation, formulation of mathematical models including their numerical formulation and verification by means of experiment. The research plan goals very often require interdisciplinary approach; therefore, a variety of different research teams will 5

6 participate in their accomplishment. Accordingly, the objectives of the research plan at large can be specified within the previously mentioned topics as follows: 1. Determination of the relations within the individual means of transportation as an instrument for optimum transportation service. 2. Formation of models for classification of the influence of transportation on the living environment. 3. Generating supplementary material to enhance improvement of railroad infrastructure within important European and national directions, mainly the northward-southward region. 4. Objective assessment of freight traffic influence on the living environment, elimination of negative factors by consistent use of combined transportation in the framework of the EU, cooperation on legislative structure. 5. Proposal of the combined transportation system extension within the whole Euro-Asian territory; the role of the state in subsidizing construction of container terminals. 6. Submitting material, both constituent and supportive, in order to enhance the development of the transportation infrastructure as a tool of international cooperation within the European territory. 7. Project of high-speed railway track operation within the Czech Republic territory, and in the framework of the EU high-speed railway network. 8. Outlining principles to foster the improvement and preference of the public mass transport in urban areas. 9. Modification of road designing and building regulations on the basis of thorough analysis of safety measures effectiveness. 10. Forming a database of cycle tracks built in the Czech Republic, according to their types and place in the infrastructure. 11. Exertion of actual share of bicycling on the total division of transportation work (including partial results in individual districts and larger towns); evaluation of the influence of the length of journey on the use of travel means as a tool of investment modelling of cycle tracks. 12. Analysis of traffic operation and accidents and proposal of changes in transport routes geometry, safety and information systems, traffic regulations and other directives. 13. Development of models and methods for designing, financing, planning and assessment of transportation networks in relation to the living environment with regard to sustainable economic and social progress. 14. Proposal of technology for operation within the relevant region. 15. Philosophy of choice of a specific kind of a logistic centre, the attraction circle in the region; categorization of logistic centres. 16. Optimum allocation of logistic centres. 17. Optimisation of the service transportation networks (internal and external transportation system). 18. Definition of the clientele in the region, as well as marketing specification. 6

7 19. Logistic service system architecture (physical and organizational). 20. Optimal system structure for the logistic regulation and control system. 21. Modelling of the economic prerequisites for the development of infrastructure, as well as transportation network operation, based on modern methods of financing, and combining of both private and public resources. 22. Criteria for assessment of investment effectiveness in the area of infrastructure and transportation network operation in concurrence with quantification of economic risks. 23. Methodology for complex assessment of transport quality and effectiveness of the existing logistic chains on local, regional, and global scale. 24. Proposals of regulative tools in the sphere of labour division among different transport modes and operators in accord with the EU legislation and political documents dealing with transportation issues. 25. Creation of an expert meta-knowledge system to support decision-making in the area of transportation. 26. Specification of substitution processes in cases of process failures or application of a greater number of parallel processes. 27. Determination of dependencies between the amount of data, information and knowledge, and the time period needed for a correct decision. 28. Foundation of software environment for on-line traffic junction control. 29. Enhancing of both active and passive safety of transportation vehicles by means of changes in their construction, as well as legislation. 30. Application of findings in the field of diagnostics with regard to psychical and physical ability of operating motor vehicles. 31. Creating conditions in transport for valuable life of handicapped citizens. 32. Measures of devoting special attention to the transport system users with potentially higher risk factor. 33. Estimation of criteria for stress examination, reliability and durability assessment of implants, focused on avoidance of injury in individuals having failed during their operational activity. 34. Investigation of deformation processes in human skeleton, especially the skull, occurring during the impact, with the aim to improve both the protective aids (e.g., the crash helmet), and the eventual safety regulations. A4 Time schedule of the research plan solution The proposed themes have the character of basic research with applicable outputs; however, the exact specification of the research completion is difficult. Therefore, the individual phases of the research plan topics are set on a framework base to enable specifying the time schedule later during the solution process. 7

8 2007 Research territory boundary, data acquisition. Analysis of proposal elements for the infrastructure and traffic accidents. Determination of relations among the individual transport modes as an instrument for optimisation of regional transport service. Present state of the handicapped citizen s mobility. Analysis of present state of theoretical knowledge implementation within the organisation and control of transportation systems. Transport system interaction with the environment. Influence of economic factors, influence of transport system on the living environment, the aspects of landscaping and city planning. Research observations focused on international trends and analogies in other network systems. Proposal of regional operation technology. Methodology of choice of regional logistic centre and attraction circuit, categorisation of logistic centres. Background research of financial methods, economic analysis within the EU, and estimation of their applicability. Analysis of the actual state of the transportation processes regulation, data acquisition for theory formulation. Active and passive safety study, data acquisition for traffic accidents from the viewpoint of transport route conditions. Formation of traffic accidents database dealing with the location of frequent collisions, estimation of the degree of severity of consequences, clinical specimen on types, scope of injury, and the result of treatment. Statistic data processing aimed at formation of database of classified fundamental material for problem solving of bio-mechanic nature. Evaluation of statistical solutions of skull damage due to injuries. Final experiment methodology for examination of mechanical properties of body tissues Theoretical basis for evaluation of influence of transportation on the living environment. The Czech Republic study regarding service operation by individual transport modes. Proposal for extension of combined transport system within the total Euro-Asian territory; role of state to subsidize the building of container terminals. Formulation of documents implementing the development of transportation infrastructure as an instrument for international cooperation within Europe. Specifying principle parameters for independent movement of handicapped citizens. Verbal formulation of a model defining the relations to the environment, as well as a complex assessment of the transportation system from technological, economical, organisational, and ecological point of view. Description of transportation system cycle. Financial support securing the implementation of transportation systems. Financial costs structuring and standard methodology for the calculation with regard to the economical effectiveness of transportation investments. Solution of a logistic centre optimum allocation. Elaboration of theoretical basis for knowledge and expert systems. Proposal of programme on experimental simulation of collisions: automobile-automobile, automobile-motorcycle, automobile-pedestrian, motorcycle-solid obstruction. New precise mathematical models for automated production of long bones, big joints, the pelvis, skull, as well as the cerebral tissue on the basis of CT, MRI, eventually US data. ANSYS computer programme studies of loosening and micro-motion of cemented implants, and stress state of human skull under single and distributed load. 8

9 2009 Creation of theoretical basis for the evaluation of influence of transportation on the living environment. Proposal for extension of combined transport system within the total Euro- Asian territory; role of state in subsidizing the construction of container terminals. Formulation of documents establishing the development of transportation infrastructure as a tool for development of international cooperation within Europe. Specifying the principle parameters for independent movement of handicapped citizens. Exploitation of risk capital for financing the transportation infrastructure. Critical factors and their quantification. Reformulation of the verbal model of project assessment and evaluation of life cycle into quantification basis. Externalities and their limitation, the living environment, costs and utility of transportation systems. Optimisation of the transportation service network (external and internal transportation system). Elaboration a methodology for the financial part of feasibility study, quantification of economic risks of transportation projects. Experimental realization and evaluation of the following collision simulations: automobileautomobile, automobile-motorcycle, automobile-pedestrian, motorcycle-solid obstruction. Three-dimensional computation models for a variety of cemented implants in the interaction with a bone, examination of the causes for their loosening by means of parameter studies. Spatial computational models of bones and the skull in dynamic loading Architecture, methodology, and assessment approaches to deal with LCC, EIA, NPV, IRR, and CBA transportation systems; their quantification, comparison, advantages and disadvantages within the transportation network. Liberalisation of network branches. Deregulation, basic preconditions and system aspects of transportation infrastructure. Formation of a programme and verification of its functionality. Evaluation and proposition of changes. Simulation programme and expert system formation. Evaluation of passive safety elements and proposal on their improvement. Investigation and explanation of deformation, and existence of places of concentrated stress during the process of loosening or micro-motions, by the help of a precise spatial computational model. Spatial computational model of human skull and cerebral tissue, being loaded by concentrated and local distributed loading. Lubrication solution of an ankle joint during sliding and rotational movements under general load System aspects of regulation in the area of transportation, integral transportation system and individual transport modes. Quality of transfer service. Marketing and clientele estimation. Application of methodology for the evaluation of transportation infrastructure and network traffic effectiveness in concrete projects in the Czech Republic. Prevention of accidents as a result of quality of comfort while driving. Assessment of active systems in vehicles. Experimental model research to examine the behaviour of a variety of cemented total replacement implants within a substituting environment of the cemented layer and the bone. Confrontation of the experimental results and the results of computational modelling with the eventual modification of spatial computational models (hybrid method). Three-dimensional 9

10 model of skull and cerebral tissue for the impact load Objective assessment of the freight transportation influence on the living environment, elimination of negative influence by means of consistent use of combined transportation within the whole EU, cooperation on legislative framework formulation. Setting of principles for enhancement of quality and realisation of preference tools in favour of the city mass transportation in urban areas. Modification of principles for the estimation of infrastructure proposal elements on the basis of an analysis considering the effectiveness of single measures to increase safety. Resulting from the analysis of traffic accidents, changes in geometrical travel route layouts within security and communication systems, transportation and other regulations, will be proposed. Assertion of the effective share of cycling transport in the total division of transport work (including partial results within individual districts, and major urban areas); influence of the length of journey travelled on transportation mode use serving as a cycle track investment modelling tool. Verification of the LCC, EIA, NPV, IRR, and CBA evaluation methods. Formalised procedure and verification of received data compared with data gained in the field of practical application. Optimisation of the transportation system. Criteria and limiting conditions. Integral transportation system incl. competing business. Architecture of logistic service system (physical and organizational). Data processing of mandatory state administration procedures for transportation investment expertise. Application of simulation programmes and expert system in practice. Supplementing and verifying experiments in the sphere of transport vehicle active and passive safety. Validation of the gained results together with the utilisation of modelling in the framework of experimental centre, proposals for practical application. Application of 3-dimensional computational models in solution of practical cases in the field of orthopaedics and forensic medicine, for different kinds of real loads, especially extreme loads. Recommendations from the viewpoint of biomechanics, for the use of cemented implants in concrete medical cases, with regard to reliability Methodology of transport route designing with respect to ecology, landscape, and settlements. Set of measures focusing on mitigation of noise coming from the infrastructure. Principle material supporting improvement of railway infrastructure within major national and international directions, mainly in the south-northward direction. Recommended solutions of public mass transport preference in urban areas. Recommended solutions in cases of frequent traffic accident locations. Database of cycle tracks built in the Czech Republic, and their classification according to their types and locations within the transportation infrastructure. Methodology of proposals for the construction of transportation facilities with regard to the handicapped citizens. Proposition of a model for assessment of a transportation system in general. Evaluation of projects, profit calculation, utility criteria. Economical model of transportation system. Optimal system of logistic service system control. Proposals in the sphere of division of transfer labour regulative tools for different transport modes and operators in accord with legislative regulations of the EU and other transportation/political documents. Further development of an expert meta knowledge system to support decision-making in 10