ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ VĚDECKÁ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOGII

Transkript

1 ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ VĚDECKÁ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOG ; r j q A /m / ACADEMA/PRAA LSTO PA D 1979 SSN

2 ČESKA MYKOLOGE Časopis Cs. vědecké společnosti p ro m ykologii p ro šířen í znalosti hu b po strán ce vědecké i p rak tick é! Ročník 33 Císlo4 Listopad 1979 Vedouc! redaktor: doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Urban, DrSc. Redakční rada: prof. Karel Cejp, D rsc.; RND r. Petr Fragner; M UDr. Josef erink; RNDr. Věra olubová, CSc.; RNDr. František Kotlaba, CSc.; ing. Karel Kříž; RNDr. Vladimír Musílek, CSc.; doc. RNDr. Jan Nečásek, CSc.; ing. Cyprián Paulech, CSc.; prof. Vladimír Rypáček, DrSc., člen koresp. ČSAV; RND r. Miloslav Staněk, CSc. Výkonný redaktor: RNDr. Mirko Svrěek, CSc. Příspěvky zasílejte na adresu výkonného redaktora: Praha 1, V áclavské nám. 68, Národní muzeum, telefon sešit vyšel 15. srp n a 1979 OBSA M. S v r č e k : N ové nebo m éně znám é diskom ycety. X Z. Pouzar: P oznám ky o taxonom ii a n o m en k latu ře rodu N u m m u laria (Pyrenom ycetes) J. Stangl a J. Veselský: nocybe m etrodii sp. nov. (P říspěvky k poznání vzácnějších vláknic. Č ást 1 6.) M. Svrček a W. Matheis: O nálezu elotium longisporum S chw eers ve Š výcarsku a jeh o totožnosti s P haeohelotium geogenum (Cooke) com b. nov. 225 P. Fragner, J. ejzlar a M. Rubeš: O tom ykózy a m ykoflóra otitid M. Svrček: V ýznam ná výročí světových m y k o l o g ů Referáty přednesené na celostátním semináři Neobvyklé otravy houbami (Praha, 5. V ) Výzva ke spolupráci při mapování jedovatých druhů hub v CSSR (B. l ů z a ) Zpráva o XX. valném shromáždění CVSM, konaném dne (S. Šebek) Seminář Ochrana hub a jejich životního prostředí (S. Š e b e k ) Referáty o literatuře: J. A. S talpers, d en tificatio n of w ood-in h ab itin g A phyllophorales in p u re cu ltu re (J. K lán, str. 219); M ichael- ennig-k reisel, andbuch fiir P ilzfreu n d e 1,3 (M. Svrček, str. 255);. Jah n, P ilze die an olz w achsen (F. K o tlab a a Z. P ouzar, str. 255). Přílohy: černobílé tab u le: X. a X. B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. X. a XV. P haeohelotium geogenum (Cooke) S vrček et M atheis.

3 ČESKÁ MYKOLOGE ČASOPS ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ VĚDECKÉ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOG ROČNÍK >SEŠT 4 New or less known Discomycetes. X. N ové nebo m éně znám é diskom ycety. X. M irko S vrček T w o new species of elotiales from C zechoslovakia a re described: R u t- stroem ia carbonicola an d S clerotinia pseudoplatani. T w enty-one com binations a re proposed, an d sev eral species (new records fo r C zechoslovakia) are m entioned. Jsou popsány dva nové d ru h y diskom ycetů: R u tstro em ia carbonicola a S clerotinia pseudoplatani. J e provedeno 21 nových p řeřazen í a uvedeno několik d ru h ů nových p ro Č eskoslovensko. Belonidium nylanderi (Rehm ) comb. nov. B asionym : E rinella n yla n d eri R ehm, A scom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-fl. (2) 3 :9 1 0, R aitviir (1970) em ended th e genus B elonidium Mont. et Dur (non auct. al.) for some species of D asyscyphus S. F. G ray (s. 1.) having apothecia broadly sessile to substipitate, externally clothed w ith long, flexuous, obtuse, m u ltiseptate hairs w ith th in or m oderately thick sm ooth walls. The w alls of hairs are covered only by easily detached granules dissolving in KO solution. Of th re e species occurring on dead herbaceous stem s tw o of th em are conspicuous by th e ir characteristic reaction in KO solution: the sap of hairs and excipular cells tu rn s deep violet, and diffuse out. Both species differ in size of ascospores, B elonidium sulphureum (Fr.) R aitviir sensu R aitviir having spores X 2 3,um large, B elonidium violascens R aitviir 8 12 X 1,5 2 um only. The colour reaction can be easily observed in a drop of KO solution as a violaceous dye. n accordance w ith th e C entraleuropean trad itio n follow R ehm s in terp retatio n (1893) w ho described the long-spored species as Erinella nylanderi Rehm (1. c.), the sm allspored one as Lachnum sulphureum (Pers. ex Fr.) K arst. = D asyscyphus sulphureus (Pers. ex Fr.) Massee. As th e genus Erinella Sacc. is now synonym ized w ith D asyscyphus S. F. F ray (s. 1.) (Dennis 1949), th e tra n sfe r of E. nylanderi in to the genus B elonidium M ont, et Dur. em. R aitviir is proposed. D ennis (1962) synonym ized R ehm s Erinella nylanderi w ith D asyscyphus sulphureus b u t w ith some reservation ( th e w hole species complex evidently deserves fu rth e r critical stu d y ). The th ird species of those closely related discomycetes, B elonidium leucophaeum (Pers. ex Weinm.) Raitv. [= D asyscyphus leucophaeus (Pers. ex Weinm.) Massee] has hairs containing bright yellow pigm ent diffusing in KO solution w ith no change in hue, and spores X 1,5 2,um. The la tte r species is th e m ost common of all herbicolous ones. B elonidium nylanderi is less common, and h ith e rto it w as collected in Czechoslovakia on stem s of 193

4 Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 l z ^ P 11 ti!fe ii i 1#

5 S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. Urtica dioica only. Several findings from S outhern Bohem ia w ere recorded by m e recently (Svrček 1978, as D asyscyphus nylanderi). V elenovský (1934) did not described it, but some collections identified by him as Lachnum sulphureum and preserved u n d e r th is nam e in PRM, rep resen t B elonidium nylanderi. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C arp en te r e t K orf This species is characteristic by its conidial state, Bispora antennata (Pers.) M ason = B. m onilioides Corda, form ing a short black m ould on h ard wood, especially on th e cut surface of stum ps. The relatively m inute ( m m across) w hitish or pale yellow apothecia grow am ong this hyphom ycete. The fungus is know n also under th e nam e elotium m oniliferum (Fuck.) Rehm = = Calycella m onilifera (Fuck.) D ennis (1956). n Bohemia, it was form erly perhaps m ore common (Corda 1836 recorded it for th e first tim e as Bispora m onilifera b) condensata from th e vicinity of Liberec), but at present it occurs probably rarely. n PRM found it assigned to elotium duriusculum Velen. ( elotium eburneum Velen, in exs., nom. nud.), PRM : Bohem ia centralis, Jevany, Fagus sylvatica, 16. X. 1923, leg. V elenovský. T he collection is p erfectly preserved, w ith fully m atu re apothecia, and represents the first voucher specim en of this Bisporella from our country. D uring last years it has been collected on several localities in Czechoslovakia by V. olubová-jechová: B ohem ia Occident., in silva v irg in ea D ia n a apud P řim d a p ro p e T achov, ad tru n c u m p u tr. d eiectum Fagi sylvaticae, 28. X (PRM ). B ohem ia centr., in silva T ru b a p rope K ostelec n. Čer. lesy, ad codicem Fagi sylv., 24. X (PRM ). M oravia, m ontes B eskydy, in silva v irg in ea S a la jk a, ad tru n cu m p u tr. d eiectum Fagi sylv., 7. V (PRM ). Slovakia, m ontes V táčník, in m ote V táčník (1346 m s. m.) prope locum V oda h au d procul K lak, ad tru n cum deiectum Fagi sylv. 18. X (PRM ). Slovakia, m ontes Z ápadně T atry, in m onte S k alk a p rope v icum v O raviciach, ap u d oppidulum T rstená, ad codicem Fagi sylv., 22. X (PRM ). S lovakia, in clivis orient, versu s a pago R uská N ová Ves p rope P rešov, ad tru n c u m p u tr. deiectum Fagi sylv., 16. V (PRM ). Bisporella subpallida (R ehm ) com b. nov. B asionym : P hialea subpallida R ehm. A scom. in R abenh. K ryptog.-fl. (2) 3:7 1 0, The apothecia of this discomycete, recorded for th e first tim e from Bohem ia by V elenovský (1934) as elotium subpallidum (Rehm) Velen., have th e sam e stru ctu re of excipulum as a typical Bisporella Sacc. (1884; syn.: Calycella Boud. 1885), and therefore th e tra n sfe r to th is genus is proposed. The species is not uncom m on on decorticated wood of various frondose trees and shrubs, especially B elo n id iu m n yla n d eri (R ehm ) Svrček. Tw o apothecia, tw o h airs, ascus w ith parap h y ses, ascospores, cells of th e ex cip u lu m (PRM , S o u th ern B ohem ia, U M ostu n e a r V arvažov, V rtica dioica, 10. V. 1963, M. Svrček). 2. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C a rp e n te r et K orf. T h ree conidia of B ispora antennata (Pers.) M ason, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, apothecia, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum (PRM ). 3. B isporella subpallida (Rehm ) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith parap h y ses, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum (S outhern B ohem ia, n a tu re reserv e O polenec, A ln u s incana, 30. X. 1977, J. K u b ick á and M. Svrček). 4. D asyscyphus agropyri (Velen.) Svrček. A pothecia (left from a collection in S outhern B ohem ia, P rudice, 4. V. 1946), ascus w ith p araphyses, ascospores, h a irs; rig h t apothecia an d h a irs w ith ex cip u lar cells (lectotype, PR M ). M. S vrček del. 195

6 Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 on the cut surface of Corylus avellana, but also of Carpinus betulus, Salix sp., F raxinus excelsior, Quercus sp., Acer sp., A ln u s glutinosa. A pothecia occur from late autum n through m ild w inter till early spring. A bout th irty localities in C entral Bohem ia are now know n (PRM), also occurring in S outhern Bohem ia (Svrček 1978). Cenangiopsis quercicola (Romell) R ehm A ra re species, distinguished in its conspicuous lanceolate paraphyses far exceeding the asci. found it am ong th e unidentified m aterial of herbarium specim ens in a collection of F. K otlaba: Slovakia, V táčnik-m ountains, in the valley Jadiakova dolina south of th e hill Cuklový vrch ( = V rátiště) near B ystričany (Prievidza), cca. 650 m a. s., on fallen tw ig of Q uercus petraea 2. V (PRM). This collection agrees perfectly w ith th e R ehm s description (1912). The species is know n from Sw eden (Romell 1895, as C enangium quercicolum), taly (Bresadola, fide Rehm) and G erm any (tw o localities according to Rehm, 1. c.), alw ays on dead tw igs of oak. Conchatium Velen : 211 This is a m onotypic genus, the type of w hich is C onchatium bilobum Velen. (1934 : 211). olotypus of this fungus bears a fragm ent of a herbaceous stem w ith several w ell developed apothecia w hich agree m acro- and m icroscopically w ith Phialea cacaliae (Pers.) Gill. A pothecia are som ew hat abnorm al, being em arginate at sites of the disc but otherw ise agree w ith th e m entioned species. A t present, the genus Phialea (Fr.) G illet em. ohnel (1926) (type species Peziza cyathoidea Bull, ex M érat) is understood as a nom en rejiciendum (Article 69 of the Code) and a synonym of Cyathicula de Not. 1864, because th e presence of m arginal teeth is considered of doubtful generic value (C arpenter and D um ont 1978). cannot accept this la tte r opinion, and consider the presence of long, narrow, pointed teeth surrounding th e m argin of the disc as a generic feature. t seems m ore probable th a t in this group of discom ycetes tw o categories exist, eith er on generic o r subgeneric level (C arpenter and D um ont 1. c., note p. 1236). As V elenovský s genera M alotium Velen. (1934) and Conchatium Velen. (1934) are synonym s of Phialea (Fr.) G illet em. ohnel (see also Dennis, 1956), the possibility to use one of these tw o nam es offers: th e form er is yet a hom onym of M allotium (Ach.) S. F. G ray (Lichenes), so th a t only th e la tte r one could be used for species characteristic by th e absence of long m arg in al teeth. T h erefore th e follow ing new com binations are proposed: Conchatium cyathoideum (Bull ex Fr.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza cyathoidea B ull, ex M érat, N ouvelle F. P a ris 1 : 23, 1821 Conchatium airae (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : elotium airae V elenovský, M on. Disc. Boh. p. 199, 1934 Conchatium cacaliae (Pers.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza cacaliae Persoon, M ycol. E urop. 1 : 285, 1822 Conchatium calathicolum (Rehm ) com b. nov. B asio n y m : elotium calathicolum R hem, B erich t N atu rh. Ver. A ugsburg 26 : 77,1881 Conchatium caulicolum (Fr.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza caulicola Fries, Syst. m ycol. 2 :94,

7 S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. Conchatium com plicatum (P. K arst.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza com plicata P. K arsten, F ungi Fenn. exs. no. 642, 1867; Not. Sallsk. F aun. F lor. fenn. 10 :166, 1869 Conchatium confine (P. K arst.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza confinis P. K arsten, Not. Sallsk. F aun. Flor. fenn. 10 :136, 1869 Conchatium egenulum (Rehm ) comb. nov. B asionym : P hialea egenula R ehm, Ascom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-f l. (2) 3 :726, 1893 Conchatium pteridicolum (. e t P. C rouan) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza pteridicola. et P. C rouan, F lo ru la de F in istère p. 50, 1867 Conchatium subhyalinum (Rehm ) com b. nov. B asionym : P hialea subhyalina R ehm, A scom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-f l. (2) 3 :1233, 1896 Conchatium urticae (Pers.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza urticae Persoon, M ycol. E urop. 1 : 286, 1822 D asyscyphus agropyri (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : L achnum agropyri V elenovský, M on. Disc. Boh. p. 257, 1934 This species is closest to D asyscyphus pygm aeus (Fr.) Sacc. t differs in its to tally pu re w h ite apothecia a t first, th e n redden in g to rusty-reddening, sim i larly as in D asyscyphus controversus (Cooke) Rehm, from w hich is distinguished in its sh o rter hairs, longer asci and spores, as well' as paraphyses exceeding only very shortly. Lectotype PRM (Bohemia centr., O ndřejov, ad rhizom a N ardi strictae, V leg. et det. Velenovský) w as selected of several other collections of auth en tic m aterial exam ined by me, all on rhizom es of A gropyron repens. collected th is species also several tim es on th is host in Southern B ohem ia (Svrček 1978). The dried apothecia have a dark red-brow n or blackish disc. The typical form of D. pygm aeus has th e disc light yellow, drying orange coloured, not reddening. N evertheless, m icroscopically are both species very sim ilar and h ard ly separable. D asyscyphus albidoluteus (Feltg.) com b. nov. B asionym : P ezizella albidolutea F eltgen, V orst. 1, N achtr. 2 :42, 1901 n sw am ps on basal dead leaves of standing living stem s of some Cyperaceae (especially Sclrpus silvaticus and Carex sp.), b u t also on grass (Glyceria aquatica) a m inute discom ycete w ith w hitish, sessile, externally pow dery apothecia occurs very often. A pothecia are 0,2 0,5( 1) m m across, translucent, w hite or pallid w hen fresh, th en yellow ish, som etim es lobed in th e age. Excipulum of oblong, hyaline, thin-w alled cells up to 18 X 3 6 ^m, tow ards th e base are th e cells larg er ( 27 m across), yellow ish or brow nish. airs X 3 5 um, at th e top distinctly clavate (6 11 p ) and granulose, m ostly one-celled, but also 1-septate at th e base, thin-w alled, hyaline or yellowish. Asci (40 ) X X 5 9 ^m, cylindrical-clavate, shortly stipitate, narrow ed but obtuse above, pore am yloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses 2 2,5 urn, narrow ly lanceolate, in the upper p a rt 3 3,5 «m thick, not or very shortly exceeding th e asci, often scarcely developed. A scospores 12 18( 22) X (2 )2,5 3 pjn, biseriate, in aeq u aliter fusiform, narrow ed tow ards th e ir ends, often curved (som etim es very slightly S-form ed), w ith m in u te drops a t th e ends, th en 1 2( 3) septate. This fairly common fungus, know n to m e from num erous collections from all p arts of Bohem ia, w as fo r th e first tim e described by Feltgen (1901), also on Scirpus silvaticus from Luxem bourg. is description agrees w ell w ith specimens studied by me. A ccording to th e revision of F eltgen s Ascomycetes m ade by ohnel (1906), it is considered a good species, too, b u t its system atic position 197 i

8 ČESK Á M Y K O LO G E 33 (4) ? ill WM 11 flirt Pf '>? fspi D asyscyphus albidoluteu s (Feltg.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith paraphyses, ascospores, m arg in al h airs, ex cip u lar cells (from v arious collections). 2. D asyscyphus w in teri (Cooke) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, ascospores, h airs (from v arious collections). 3. D iscocistella fugiens (B ucknall) Svrček. A pothecia, asci w ith paraphyses, m arg in of excipulum, ascospores (from v ario u s collections). 4. G loeotinia granigena (Quél.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith p araphyses, ascospores, m arg in al h y p h ae a n d cells (S outhern B ohem ia, C im elice, 23. V. 1964, M. Svrček). 5. ym en o scyp h u s sphagnisedus (Velen.) Svrček. M argin of excipulum, excip u lar cells, tw o apothecia, ascospores, asci, tw o h y p h ae fro m th e base of ap othecium (S outhern B ohem ia, T řeboň, Sp h a g n u m sp., 18. V. 1964, M. Svrček). 198 M. S vrček del.

9 S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. rem ained uncertain. The species w as know n also to V elenovsky w ho recorded it in his w ork (1934) u n d er th ree different nam es, viz. Belonium dem eteris Velen. (1934 : 179, lectotype PRM : Bohem ia centr., u ra prope Tehov, Carex sp., 13. V. 1927, leg. et det. Velen.), yaloscypha glyceriae Velen. [1934 : 279, lectotype PRM * : Chocerady (Bohemia centr.), Glyceria spectabilis, 13. V leg. et det. Velen.] and yaloscypha eriophori (Quel.) Velen. sensu Velen. [1934 : 279, non Erinella eriophori Q uelet 1880, q. e. D asyscyphus eriophori (Quel.) Sacc.]. The specim ens of all m entioned species w ere reexam ined and th e ir id en tity w as ascertained. p refer to consider this fungus as a reduced D asyscyphus ra th e r th an a Cistella, w hich, fo r th e tim e being, is scarcely separable from this genus (see also D ennis 1968). D asyscyphus w interi (Cooke) comb. nov. B asionym : P eziza w in teri Cooke, G rev illea 4 :6 7, 1876 The m ost striking featu re of th is discom ycete is th e lem on-yellow colour of th e disc and hairs. These are cylidrical, m ostly clavate above, finelly g ranular throughout, thin-w alled, septate, containing yellow pigm ent in form of sm all guttules. This species seems to be the rarest of th e phragm iticolous ones, its apothecia are to be found usually solitary or in sm all groups and alm ost alw ays in society w ith D asyscyphus controversus (Cooke) Sacc. W hen dried, th e yellow colour disappears absolutely, so th a t in such sta te it is difficult to distinguish D. controversus and D. w interi. The la tte r species is know n from G erm any (Rehm 1896) and Czechoslovakia (V elenovsky 1934; Svrcek 1978). D iscocistella fugiens (B ucknall) Svr. n 1962, w hen the genus Cistella Quel. (1886) em. N annfeldt (1932), a later hom onym of Cistella Blum e (1825) w as not yet accepted as a nom en conservandum, proposed fo r it the nam e Discocistella. As the type species of this nam e w as designated by m e Peziza fugiens Bucknall (1881). The type species of Cistella Quel, is Peziza dentata Pers. ex Pers A t present, new contributions about Cistella w ere published by M atheis (1977) and Raschle (1978). A fter th e reexam ination of Cistella dentata and Discocistella fugiens (both are fairly com m on in Bohem ia, especially the la te r one), m aintain these as not congeneric. see th e differences in size of apothecia, paraphyses and especially of asci. Peziza dentata, th e lectotype of Cistella, is very probably a reduced D asyscyphus only, scarcely separable from this genus. The relatively large (up to 1,5 m m across) apothecia, paraphyses pointed above and longer th an asci w hich are oblong-clavate and distinctly stipitate, distinguish th e lignicolous Cistella dentata from Discocistella fugiens. The last differs in its m inute ( «m across), very thin, translucent apothecia, not lanceolate, th in paraphyses not exceeding the asci and conspicuously small, sessile, not stip itate asci. Discocistella fugiens specifically occurs on M onocotyledones (Cyperaceae and Poaceae). The form of asci seems to be particularly im portant fe a tu re on w hich b oth genera w ould be distinguished. The genus Clavidisculum K irschst. [typus: C. kriegerianum K irschst. = Peziza acuum Alb. et Schw. ex Pers., Clavidisculum acuum (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) K irschst.], synonym ized by some au th o rs w ith Cistella Quel. em. N annf., is 199

10 Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 kept by m e for the tim e being as an autonom ous genus on account of its differen t stru ctu re of th e excipulum. G locotinia granigena (Quél.) comb. nov. B asionym : Phialea granigena Q uélet, 11. Suppl., C. R. Assoc, frang. A vanc. Sci. 11 : 407, tab. 12, fig. 7, 1883 This Sclerotinia was also recorded under the nam e Gloeotinia lem ulenta (Prill, et Delacr. 1892) Wilson, Noble et Gray, b u t Q uéleťs nam e has a priority indeed. The follow ing description is based on a collection from Southern Bohem ia: A pothecia m m across, arising singly on caryopses of a grass (? Lolium sp.). Disc flattened, pale ochraceous, some shade of cinnam on, narrow ly brow n- -m arginate, pow dery and becom ing pale w ith age, distinctly puffing the spores w hen m ature. Receptacle finelly tom entose, covered w ith hyaline and brow nish hyphae, firm ly fleshy, th e stipe cylindrical, concolorous, 2 3 m m long. The m argin of the receptacle consists of cylindrical, closely connected, parallel, septate hyphae X /xm, yellow ish-brow n coloured, densely filled w ith m inute drops, m ost of them dark at th e ir tops (up to reddish-brow n). S im ilar hyphae cover also th e surface of the receptacle. Excipulum of cylindrical, hyaline o r yellow ish, thin-w alled cells 5 9 thick and up to 35 um Asci X 7 8 j.m, gradually and indistinctly attenuate, the pore not blue in M elzer s reagent, 8-spored. Paraphyses 2 3 p.m thick, cylindrical, not or slightly enlarged at the apex, straight, densely filled w ith m inute subhyaline or brow nish drops. Ascospores X ^m, ellipsoidal, or subfusiform, inequilateral, tap erin g to each end, eguttulate, smooth. Southern Bohem ia: Cimelice n ear Písek, in a cart ru t in a field-w ay on a caryopsis (probably Lolium sp.) im m ersed in soil, 23. V (Svrček, PRM). The collection agrees w ell w ith the description of Gloeotinia tem ulenta in Dennis (1956) based on B ritish findings (all on caryopses of Lolium). Quélet (1883) described it according to m aterial from Brom us erectus in France. The species is recorded as parasitic on caryopses of various grass (Secale, Lolium, Festuca). ym enoscyphus sphagnisedus (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : B elo n iu m sphagnisedum V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 179, tab. V, fig. 16, 1934 collected this probably strictly sphagnicolous discom ycete in Southern Bohem ia on living Sphagnum sp. ts m inute, solitary, translucent apothecia are very inconspicuous, so th a t it is difficult to discover them. The Velenovsky s type specimen [Bohemia septentr., m ontes Corcontici ( = Krkonoše), Labská louka, 1230 m s. m., V., 1927, leg. K. Ce.jp] does not exist in PRM, but the original description agrees perfectly w ith the discom ycete collected by me. The follow ing description is based on the m aterial w hich is designated as neotype. A pothecia 1 2 m m across, sessile or subsessile w ith a sm all base on sparse hyaline m ycelial hyphae (2 3,um thick), grow ing on the surface of living stem leaves (rarely branch leaves) of Sphagnum sp., tra n slu c en t w hen fresh, hyaline

11 S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. 11* p ff 1.1. J / ' - * 0 1 ^ ^ S #f 1 É 1* ^ P sila ch n u m acu tu m (Velen.) Svrček. 1: m arg in al hairs, ascospores, asci w ith parap h y ses (lectotype of L a ch n u m acutum, PR M ); 2: apothecia, th ree m arg in al h airs, ascus w ith p araphyses, cells of hypothecium, ex cip u lar cells, ascospores (C entral B ohem ia, P ra h a -K u n ra tic e, G lyceria m a xim a, 24. V. 1978, M. Svrček). 3. P silocistella conincola (Velen.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascospores, asci w ith paraphyses, m arg in al h aris, ex cip u lar cells (neotype, PR M ). 4. R u tstro em ia carbonicola Svrček. A pothecia, ascospores, m arg in al cells, su p e r ficial ex cip u lar hyphae, section of excipulum, h y p h ae from stip e (right) (type, PR M ). 5. Sclerotinia pseudoplatani Svrček. ab it sketch, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum, cells and hy p h ae of flesh (type, PR M ). M. S vrcek del. 201

12 -w hite, soft, colour unchanging, externally sm ooth, disc soon plane, narrow ly m arginate, th en im m arginate and convex, som ew hat u ndulate in th e age. Excipulum at the m argin form ed of cylindrical, closely arranged, hyaline, parallel hyphae, 2 3 (um thick, becom ing w ider and m ore thick-w alled (1 um) on th e flanks of th e receptacle, th e basal cells largely ellipsoid to subglobose, urn across, thin-w alled, hyaline. Asci X 9 11 um, cylindrical, thin-w alled, indistinctly and thickly stipitate, narrow ed above and subtruncate, the pore stained blue in M elzer s reagent, 8-spored. Paraphyses not seen. Ascospores X um, bi-or tri-seriate, n arrow ly elliptical, inequilateral, m ore atten u ated tow ards one end, obtuse, eguttulate, som etim es 1-septate. Southern Bohem ia: Třeboň, rádeček, in a ditch on living Sphagnum sp., 18. V (Svrcek, PRM). Psilachnum acutum (Velen.) com b. nov. Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 B asionym : L achnum a cu tu m V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 254, 1934 This species is easily distinguished by its m inute apothecia ( 450) um across, pure w hite, unchanging, im m arginate, very sh ortly stip itate (stipe X ^m ) or substipitate, subsessile, at th e m argin only finelly shortly hairy. M arginal hairs X i(um, m ostly 1 2 septate, quite sm ooth, acyanophilous, th e cells of th e excipulum 4 12 X 2 5 ^m, or up to 10 X 9,um, narrow ed tow ards the m argin, thin-w alled. Asci X (3.5 )4 5 um, 6 8-spored, paraphyses (1.5 )2 3( 5),um broad, exceeding the asci by 3 14 fim, but som etim es alm ost cylindrical and not exceeding, spores (5 )6 9( 11) X um, inequilateral, narrow ed to both ends, eguttulate, straight. t is probably a not uncom m on discomycete, but easily overlooked. From num erous authentic specim ens of Lachnum acutum, preserved in PRM, selected a lectotype: Bohem ia centr., M enčice prope M nichovice, ad spicam Secalis cerealis, V. 1926, leg. Velenovský, PRM This has m arginal hairs X um (at the base), cylindrical, gradually narrow ed tow ards the tips b u t not sharply pointed (1.5 2,um), thin-w alled, hyaline, quite sm ooth (oil im m ersion!), 0 3-septate. Excipulum is form ed by te x tu ra prism atica of cells slightly thick-w alled, up to 20 X 3 5 jum wide, hyaline. Asci X X p,m, cylindrical-clavate or subcylindrical, shortly stipitate, 8-spored, th e pore amyloid. Paraphyses lanceolate, pointed or obtuse, ^ m broad, exceeding th e asci by 7 12 um. Spores 7 9 X 1.5( 2) um, biseriate, narrow ly subcylindrical, eguttulate. reex am in ed also o th er ty p e specim ens from PR M agreeing w ith th e lectotype: , , , , , , , , , (all from th e v icinity of M nichovice, C en tral B ohem ia). T h ere a re also som e V elenovský s collections fro m o th er localities in B ohem ia, e. g. Kosoř, V (151625), V yžlovka n e a r Jevany, V (151631), O tru b y n e a r Slané, V (150803), id en tical w ith L a ch n u m acutum. T he species occurs on dead, fallen leaves a n d culm s of various G ram ineae (Poaceae) an d Cyperaceae. collected it also sev eral tim es, e. g. on culm s of G lyceria m a xim a a t th e pond O lšanský n e a r P ra h a -K u n ra tic e, 24. V. 1978, and it is not ra re in S o u th ern B ohem ia (e. g. T řeboň, a pond Š a tla v a, on Car e x sp., 26. V leg. J. K ubická). V elenovský s species w as recorded by Dennis (1949) as D asyscypha acuta (Velen.) D ennis on cut, ro ttin g grass from England, and his description cor- 202

13 SV RCEK: NEW OR LESS KNOW N DSCOM YCETES. X. l i i fp l «v?.^blfllplsp M f L i hk ^ jl w ^m é> * Wsx11 %l -* * m L Jfc MLy,JB^ri 4>&,S1^Éí A tv., E ^ra i ^ 4. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C arp, et K orf. A pothecia su rro u n d ed by black conidiophores of B ispora a ntennata (Pers. ex Pers.) M ason. On Fagus, eiligen- k irch en (W est G erm any), X. 1967,. Jah n. P h o to. Ja h n responds w ith th e conception of this fungus. R aitv iir (1970) in serted D asyscyphus acutus am ong excluded, dubious or im perfectly know n species of th e genus Psilachnum öhn., how ever no validly published com bination w as m ade. Lachnum a cutum var. m a ju s Velen : 254, holotype PRM , rep resen ts tw o differen t species, viz. a typical form of L achnum acutum, and apo- 203

14 Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 thecia of Lachnum sagarum Velen, w ith distinctly clavate, granulose h airs X X um, lanceolate paraphyses, exceeding th e asci, and spores X um ; th e original description refers m ostly to th e la te r species. Lachnum acutum var. holci Velen : 254, is preserved in PRM in tw o specim ens, and They bear the sam e v ariety and th e fo rm er m ay be chosen as lectotype. No differences can be found if com pared w ith th e typical form of Lachnum acutum. Psilocistella conincola (Velen.) comb. nov. B asionym : D asyscypha conincola V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 234, 1934 The only one collection of D asyscypha conincola, on w hich th e original description is based, PRM (holotype), C entral Bohem ia: Praha-M otol, on scales of fallen pine cones, 29. V. 1924, leg. A. P ilát, det. J. V elenovský, bears tw o cones of P inus sylvestris, u n fo rtu n a te ly w ith o u t any apothecia. As th e beau tifu l m aterial, sen t to m e by m y frien d J. K ubická in 1958 agrees perfectly w ith th e V elenovský s description of th e nam ed fungus, designate it as a neotype. A pothecia m m across, gregarious, usually in sw arm s, shallow cup- -shaped, th en flat, pu re w hite, th e m argin often strongly u n d u late in the age, m inutely h airy only, the very short cylidrical stalk ( mm) sm ooth and a t th e base som etim es yellow ish. Disc w hite, m arg in ate, unchanging or in th e age som ew hat dirty-g reyish or yellow ish. E xcipular cells oblong, stightly th ick- -w alled, hyaline, about 5 7 ^ m broad, up to 20 dum long and 11 ^ m w ide tow ards the base of the excipulum. M arginal h airs X 2 4 um, cylindrical, hyaline, stra ig h t or curved a t th e tip, obtuse, ra re ly slightly clavate, th in -w a l- led, smooth, aseptate, som etim es fasciculate. Asci X um, clavate, very shortly and thickly stipitate, pore not am yloid, 8-spored. P araphyses um thick, filiform, no t exceeding the asci. Ascospores 5 8 X fim, ovoid, elliptic-ovoid, inequilateral, tow ards th e ends narrow ed, eg u ttulate, biseriate. Southern Bohemia: in th e vicin ity of T řeboň collected by J. K ubická, viz. th e M hill P rašiv ý v ršek n e a r D om anin, on scales of fallen cones of P inus sylvestris, 12. V (PRM, neotype), an d N atu re R eserve M šály, 10. V A lso on ro tten w ood in th e cavity of a stum p of Picea abies, oličky, 26. V C en tral B ohem ia: Z vánovice, on fallen cones of P inus sylvestris, 28. V (Svrček). t se e m s v e r y p ro b a b le t h a t yaloscypha uncipila L e G a l (1954) = Uncinia u n c ip ila (L e G al) R a itv iir (1970) is th e sa m e sp ecies. Rutstroem ia carbonicola spec. nov. A pothecia (1 )2 3,5 m m diam., solitaria vel fasciculata (2 4), subcoriaceo- -carnosa, firm a, to ta obscure castaneo-fusca, extus pallidiora, luteofusca, sub- tilite r adpresse brunneo-fibrillosa, cum stipite (1 )3 5 m m longo, m m gd crasso, cylindraceo, obscure castaneo vel rubrocastaneo, basim versus subnigro usque nigro, nudo, ad residua carbonisata vel deusta p lan taru m affixa, disco eoncavo sed m ox explanato, anguste m arginato, rubro-brunneo, denique albo- pruinoso, carne secto albo. Excipulum ex tern u m p arte m arginali ,um crassum, hyphis m arg in a- libus cylindraceo-clavatis, 4 8 fum crassis, brunneo-coloratis, te x tu ra cetera 204

15 S V R C E K : N EW OR L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. e cellulis obscure ru'brobrunneis, late ellipsoideis, vesiculosis vel cylindraceo- -ellipsoideis xm çliani., subcrasse tunicatis (1 1.5 um) instructum, basim versus 60 80,um crassum, cellulis longe cylindraceis (4 7 ^m ), obscurioribus, crasse tunicatis form átům. Excipulum internum /xm crassum, ecoloratum, e cellulis longe clavatis vel cylindraceis, 6 13 um crassis, subtenuiter tun icatis, hyalinis, form átům. Stipes ex hyphis longissim is, anguste cylindraceis, /xm crassis, crasse tunicatis, septatis, luteofuscis vel obscure rubrofuscis, pigm ento m em branáceo incrustatis, p arte superficiali cum hyphis flexuosis, singularibus, concoloribus sed obscurissim is, apicibus obtusis prom inulis. Asci X um, cylindracei, deorsum breviter stipitati, apice obtusi, poro haud am yloideo, octospori, sporis m onostichis. Paraphyses filiform es, hyalinae, apice rectae, parum dilatatae (4 5 ^m ), dilute brunneae. Ascosporae (15 ) X um, inaequaliter oblongo-ellipsoideae, cylindraceo-ellipsoideae vel cylindraceo-fusoideae, polis obtusis, intus nebulosae, granulis vel guttu lis (2 4) im pletae, hyalinae, unicellulares, sed in solutione M elzeri lutescentes, m atu rae m edio ten u iter uniseptatae; conidiis apicalibus nullis. a b. in carbonariis, saepe ex residuis p lantarum plus m inusve carbonisatis, igno destructis, praesertim in caespitibus gram inum, sed etiam ad terram adustam, ad ligna, folia, rhizom a, muscos, etc. Bohemia meridionalis: B ranná prope Třeboň, ad m arginem piscinae R u d a, 18. V. 1965, leg. G ro G ulden, J. K ubická et M. Svrček (typus, PRM). L ocalitates ceterae apud Svrček (1978 : 90) referu n tu r. This distinctly anthracophilous discomycete, characteristic by«its colour and structure, is th e sam e as Ciboria carbonaria sensu V elenovský (1934), non Feltgen A ccording to ôhnel s revision (1906), Ciboria carbonaria Feltgen is a synonym of D asyscyphus pygm aeus (Fr.) Sacc. As to the genus Rutstroem ia P. K arst, em. Rehm, accept th e em endation of E uropean authors, supported recently by olm (1978). n S outhern Bohem ia, Rutstroem ia carbonicola occurs not uncom m only on fire-places n e ar ponds. S clero tin ia p seu d o p latan i spec. nov. A pothecia 1 2 m m diam., patellaria, denique explanata, anguste brunneolo- -m arginata, to ta pallide coffeaceo-fusca, longe tenuiterq u e stip itata (usque ad 8 mm), extus concolor, subtilissim e pruinosa, ex sclerotio 1 2 m m magno, oblongo, subacuto, applanato, nigro, h au d nitido enata. E xcipulum p allide brunneolum, e hyphis m arginalibus, u m longis, um crassis, cylindraceis, septatis, apice obtusis, atque cellulis globosis vel subglobosis, p arte subm arginali solum 5 6 p diam., basim versus jxm diam., sed etiam (p arte inferiore) usque ad 22 m diam., su b ten u iter tu n i catis instructum. Excipulum internum e hyphis longe cylindraceis, flexuosis, ram osis, septatis, pallide brunneis, 2 5 ^um crassis, te n u ite r tunicatis, atque e cellulis irreg u lariter globosis vel late ellipsoideis, usque ad 36 X 20 jxm magnis. Asci X /xm, anguste cylindracei, deorsum solum brevissim e crasseque stipitiform iter angustati, apice obtusi, m em brana incrassata, poro distincte am yloideo, 8-spori, sporis partim distichis. Paraphyses 3 4 um crassae, septatae, apice non d ilatatae, rectae, g u ttulis m agnis im pletae, hyalinae. Ascosporae X um, late vel anguste irreg u lariter fusiform es, apice uno acuto, eg u ttu latae, hyalinae. 205

16 Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 ab. in foliis deiectis putridissim is Aceris pseudoplatani. Localitas typi: Bohem ia m eridionalis, m ontes G abreta ( = Sum ava), in cacum ine m ontis Zátoňská hora haud procul Lenora, cca 1000 m s. m., 17. V. 1975, leg. J. K ubická et M. Svrček (typus, PRM). This species seem s to be close to Sclerotinia candolleana (Lév.) Fuck., occurring on fallen, overw intered leaves of Quercus, w hich differs in its considerably sm aller asci and ascospores. Ciboria acerina W hetzel et B uchw ald (1936), described on strom atized inflorescentia of Acer rubrum and A. saccharinum (but recorded from o th er frondose trees, too; D ennis 1956, M atheis 1975, on Salix daphnoides) is a very different species. The sclerotia of S. pseudoplatani w ere found am ong strongly decaying leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus interm igled w ith leaves of Fagus sylvatica, lying on w et ground. References CA R PEN TER S. E. et DUM ONT K. P. (1978): L eotiaceae. N an n feld t s P h ialeoideae: T he gen era B elonioscypha, C yathicula, and P h ialea. M ycologia, N ew Y ork, 70 (6) : CORDA A. C.. (1837): leones fu n g o ru m hucusque cognitorum.. P ragae. D EN N S R. W. G. (1949): A revision of th e B ritish yaloscyphaceae w ith notes on re la te d E uropean species. Mycol. P ap. 32 : D EN N S R. W. G. (1956): A revision of th e B ritish elotiaceae in th e e rb ariu m of th e R oyal B otanic G ardens, K ew, w ith notes on related E uro p ean species. Mycol. Pap. 62 : D EN NS R. W. G. (1962): A reassessm en t of B elonidium M ont. e t D ur. P ersoonia 2 (1) : » D EN NS R. W. G. (1968): B ritish A scom ycetes. L ehre. O N EL F. (1906): R evision von 292 d e r von J. F eltg en aufg estellten A scom ycetenfo rm en au f G ru n d d er O riginalexem plare. Sitzb. k. A kad. W issensch. W ien, M ath.- -n at. Kl., A bt., 115. OLM L. (1978): Tw o co n tro v ersial discom ycete nam es. M ycotaxon 7 (1) : M A T E S W. (1975): Ü b er ein zen traleu ro p äisch es V orkom m en von C iboria acerin a au f m ännlich en K ätzch en von S alix daphnoides Vill. F riesia 11 (1) : M A T E S W. (1977): C istella am en tico la sp. nov. n eb st B em erkungen ü b er ein ig e a n d e re C istella-a rten. F riesia 11 (2) : R A T V R A. (1970): Synopsis of th e yaloscyphaceae. T artu. RASC LE P. (1978): N eu fu n d e u n d N eu kom binationen von yaloscyphaceae N annfeld t ( elotiales). N ova edw igia 30 : RE M. (1912): Z u r K en n tn is d er D iscom yceten D eutschlands, D eutsch-ö sterreichs und d er Schw eiz. Ber. bayer. bot. Ges. 13 : SVRCEK M. (1978): D iskom ycety jižních Cech. Sbor. Jihočes. Muz. Ces. B uděj. P řír. V ědy 18 : V ELENOVSKY J. (1934): M onographia D iscom ycetum B ohem iae P ragae. A ddress of th e au th o r: D r. M irko Svrcek, CSc., N árodní m uzeum, Sectio m ycologica, V áclavské nám. 68, P ra h a 1, C zechoslovakia. 206

17 Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of Nummularia (Pyrenomycetes) Poznám ky o taxonom ii a nom enklatuře rodu Num m ularia (Pyrenom ycetes) Z d e n ě k Pouzar T he generic n am e N u m m u la ria L. R. e t C. Tul being a la te r hom onym of N u m m u la ria ill 1756 should be rep laced by th e nam e B iscogniauxia O. K untze. T he genus should be em ended to include not only th e m a jo rity of species in th e sense of M iller (1961) b u t also species of th e yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) F r. group. A new species B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. is d escribed w hich d iffers from B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. S chm idt) O. K untze by sim ple (unilateral) germ slits of ascospores th e last species h av in g double (bilateral) slits. 1 R odové jm éno N u m m u la ria L. R. e t C. Tul. 1864, k te ré je pozdějším hom onym em jm én a N u m m u la ria ill 1756, m usí být n ah razen o jm énem B iscogniauxia O. K utze. P o jetí ta k to pojm enovaného ro d u je rozšířeno, aby zahrnovalo nejen v ětšin u d ru h ů k ladených do ro d u N u m m u la ria M illerem (1961), ale aby zahrnovalo i skupin u d ru h ů okolo yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bull. ex S t.-a m ans) Fr. J e popsán nový d ru h B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov., k te rý se liší od B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) O. K untze jednoduchým i (jednostranným i) k líčním i štěrb in am i askospór, zatím co posledně jm en o v an ý d ru h m á d v o jité (dvoustranné) štěrbiny. j Í A study of a new ly collected rich m aterial of N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. in Czechoslovakia incited a study of the problem of taxonom y and nom enclature of th e genus N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. The com parative study of m icro- and m acrom orphology of several species of th e genus su r prisingly show ed th a t the concept of M iller (1932, 1942, 1961) is untenable for both taxonom ic and nom enclatural reasons. S hortly N um m ularia discreta cannot be separated into a different genus from its close ally N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. [= ypoxylon n um m ularium (Bull, ex St.-Amans) Fr.] and th e generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. and all its isonyms should be typified by ypoxylon num m ularium (Bui. ex St.-Amans) Fr. and not by N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. T h e generic name N um m ularia L. R. e t C. Tul. W hen L R. T ulasne et C. T ulasne (1863) published th eir generic nam e N u m m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. they designated tw o species as types of th is genus, viz. ypoxylon num m ula riu m (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) Fr. and Sphaeria discreta Schw. As only one species is perm issible by th e Code (Stafleu et al. 1978) as a type of a genus, a need arose to select one of them as th e only type. The first authors to select one of these species as a type w ere R. M aire (1930) and S h ear (1930) w ho selected N. bulliardii L R. et C. Tul.*) This w as th e obvious choice because th e Tulasnes used fo r th e ir generic nam e th e epithet of isonym of this nam e. This w as a responsible selection and influenced other mycologists because both au th o rs w ere leading auth o rities of th a t tim e and published th e ir *) F or th e purp o se of typificatio n of N u m m u la ria L. R. et C. Tul. it m ak es no d ifferen ce w h e th e r w e a re using th e nam e yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bui. ex. S t.- -A m ans) F r. o r its isonym (a n am e change) N u m m u la ria bulliardii L. R. e t C. Tul. b ecau se th e ty p e of a n am e of a genus is a species not a specific nam e (see A rt of th e Code, S tafleu et al. 1978). 207

18 CESK A M Y K O LO G E 33 (4) 1979 opinion in an official docum ent of proposals for the nternational Botanical Congress in C am bridge in L ater J.. M iller (1932) selected Sphaeria discreta. The dispute w hich of these tw o species should be recognized as th e type of N um m ularia has continued till now. Because th e first selection has in general been a ttrib u te d to C lem ents et S h ear (1931), some m ycologists considered this choice arb itra ry because these authors m ostly selected th e first species indicated by authors of generic names. Such arb itra ry selections are not perm itted by the Code (Stafleu et al. 1978, A rt. 81). As correctly em phasized by K orf (1978), the selections of generic types by Clem ents et S hear cannot be autom atically discarded as arb itrary and should be analyzed critically for every individual case. n N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. th ere can be no objections against the first typification. M iller (1932, p. 131) changed this typifications because he advocated the opinion th a t N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. [= ypoxylon num m ularium (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) Fr.] should be tran sferred from th e genus N um m ularia to the genus ypoxylon and no nam e w as available fo r th e residue of th e genus N um m ularia. e typified therefore N um m ularia by the second species viz. N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. ( = Sphaeria discreta Schw.) and in this w ay obtained a generic nam e fo r the genus in his restricted circum scription. N evertheless, th ere has been a large support for the typification of N um m ularia by N. bulliardii =. num m ularium : soon after it w as accepted by Clem ents et Shear (1931), repeated by R. M aire (1935) and S hear (1935), accepted by a com m ittee of B ritish Mycological Society (see W akefield 1939), by A rx et M uller (1954) and recently by K reisel (1975). T he typification of N um m ularia by Sphaeria discreta w as supported by Rogers (1949), Jong et B enjam in (1971) and Eckblad et G ranm o (1978). According to m y studies of taxonom y of N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. and ypoxylon num m ularium (Bui. ex St.-A m ans) Fr., these species cannot be separated into tw o different genera, being really closely related. Because M iller s ra th e r strange m ain reason for changing the type of N um m ularia now expired, th ere is no escape from considering th e first selection of R. M aire and S hear of ypoxylon n um m ularium = N um m ularia bulliardii as th e right one. The generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul is illegitim ate and therefore not available as correct for the genus in question. t is a later hom onym of a phanerogam ic nam e N um m ularia ill The phanerogam ic nam e N um m ularia a nam e largely used in th e pre- -L innean period w as first validly published a fte r sta rtin g point 1753 by J. ill (1756, p. 65). The genus has been separated from Lysim achia L. on th e basis of creeping, decum bent to ascendent stem s (instead of errect ones in Lysimachia) w ith four species of w hich the obvious choice as th e type is Lysim achia num m ularia L. treated by ill (1. c. p. 65) as N um m ularia flore flavo ill. The generic nam e N um m ularia ill 1756 is legitim ate (see also D andy 1967) and is available to phanerogam ists if they w ould like to separate th e group around Lysim achia num m ularia L. as a distinct genus e. g. on the basis of single flowers. Lysim achia vulgaris L. (flowers in inflorescences) is now considered th e ty p e of Lysim achia L. (see itchcock et G reen 1929). As w e are now dating th e valid publication of N um m ularia to 1756 attrib u tin g its authorship to ill, w e do not support th e application of this nam e by O. K untze (1891, p. 398) to th e genus N aum burgia M oench. K untze (1. c.) in his nom enclatural system, attrib u ted the authorship of this genus to th e pre-l innean au th o r G ronovius and d ated it to ill (1. c. 1756, p. 64), how ever, tre a te d 208

19 P O U Z A R : N U M M U L A R A th e type of N aum burgia M oench i. e. N. thyrsiflora (L.) D uby as a m em ber of Lysim achia L. because of its erect stems, nam ing it by a polynom Lysim achia flore globoso ill. The first generic nam e published to replace th e hom onym ic N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. is Biscogniauxia O. K untze (1891, p. 398) w hich has been published as a new nam e and hence it m ust be autom atically typified w ith th e sam e species as N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. (see A rt. 7.9 of the Code, Stafleu et al. 1978) and this is ypoxylon num m ularium (Bull, ex St.-Amans) Fr. L ater th e re w ere published tw o nam es to replace N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. indep en d en tly of Biscogniauxia O. K untze both being evidently illegitim ate nam es as they w ere superfluous w hen published (Art. 63 of th e Code). The first is K om m am yce N ieuw land (1916) published w ith no generic diagnosis w ith only tw o species included and com bined viz. K om m am yce bulliardii (L. R. et C. Tul.) Nieuwl. and K. lateritia (Ell. et Everh.) Nieuw. The second generic nam e is Num ulariola ouse (1925) published w ith no diagnosis and w ith fo u r species enum erated and com bined i. e. Num ulariola atropunctata (Schw.) ouse, N. discreta (Schw.) ouse, N. num m ularia (Bull, ex St.-Amans) ouse and N. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) ouse. The generic nam e Num ulariola ouse w as la te r applied to a broadly circum scribed genus by M artin (1969, 1976). The recent renam ing of N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. by Eckblad et G ranm o (1978) needs som e com m ent. These authors published a generic nam e N um m u- lariella Eckblad et G ranm o as a nom en novum for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. in the sense of M iller (1932); th ey typified th eir nam e by N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. N um m ulariella Eckblad et G ranm o is a validly published generic nam e because it is based on the latin diagnosis given by M iller (1932, p. 132) and is legitim ate because no generic nam e w as available fo r th e residue to w hich Eckblad et G ranm o restricted th eir genus. As explained by m e on other place do not believe th a t N um m ulariella Eckblad et G ranm o could be sa tisfa c to rily sep arated from Biscogniauxia O. K untze. As Eckblad et G ranm o (1978) convincingly proved th ere is now no hope for th e conservation of th e generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul., a conservation recently repeatedly proposed by Jong et B enjam in (1971) and by Pouzar (1977). This refused proposal for conservation (see also D. P. Rogers 1953) now lacks support of mycologists. am now w ith some regret starting to use th e nam e Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze*) as th e correct one for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. Taxonomy of the genus Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze Biscogniauxia O. K untze w as proposed as a nam e change for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. in th e em ended sense of Saccardo (1882). Now we need a new, m ore n atu ral circum scription of this genus because th e trad itio n al one w as based m ostly on characters in ex te rn a l appearance. As th e taxonom y of Biscogniauxia is closely connected w ith developm ent of ideas on taxonom y of N um m ularia, it is necessary to discuss problem s of b oth together. U ntil M iller (1932) refe rred N. bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. to th e genus ypo- *) T he generic n am e B iscogniauxia O. K u n tze is d eriv ed from th e nam e of th e B elgian b o tan ist C elestin A lfred C o g n i a u x ( ), th e p refix B is- added because of th e ex isten ce of th e generic nam e C ogniauxia. 209

20 - Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 xylo n and retained N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. in the new ly defined genus N um m ularia in a restricted sense, mycologists believed th a t both species belong together being rath er related. M iller (1932, 1961) separated N. bulliardii from N. discreta referrin g it to an artificial b u t practically circum scribed genus ypoxylon. The m ain feature by w hich he distinguished ypoxylon from N um m ularia is th a t perithecia are situated in basal p a rt of entostrom a and in ypoxylon they are situated in the superficial p art of entostrom a. D uring my study of th e problem it soon appeared th a t this concept is u n n atu ral: 1. N u m m ularia bulliardii in no w ay belongs to the genus ypoxylon Bull, ex Fr. in a restricted, m ore n atu ral sense. 2. T here exists not a single character of generic im portance w hich can be used to separate N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. from N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul., but th ere is a num ber of characters common to both species. ence both N um m ularia discreta and N. bulliardii should be assigned to th e sam e genus. The m ost im portant characters common to N um m ularia bulliardii and N. discreta are th e folow ing: 1. th e absence of hyaline exospore in ascospores. 2. absence of bright pigm ents, dissolube in KO. 3. th e plug of asci being fla t w ith the am yloid substance diffusing in th e thickened w all of top of ascus. A n e w species of the genus Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze D uring th e study of th e m icrostructural featu res of B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) O. K untze it soon appeared th at the Czechoslovak specim ens can be distributed to tw o sharply distinct species: th e proper B. repanda w hich is a m ountainous elem ent confined to Sorbus aucuparia and a new one w hich is a xerotherm ic elem ent confined to R ham nus cathartica. The last one is described here as B iscogniauxia sim plicior spec. nov. Biscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. S tro m ata 1,3 2,7 X 0,8 1,7 cm seu 1,4 2 cm in diam. et 2,7 6,2 m m alta, erum pentia, la te tu rb in a ta, subtus atro-rugosa, m argine ru d e d e n ta ta cum den tib u s uniseriatis, stallatim p aten tib u s seu raro ercctis, disco o rb icu lari seu elliptico, postea glabro atroque, pau lu m seu h au d nitudulo, cum ostiolis p lan is seu u m b ilicatis; stro m a basale in sectione griseum seu albo-griseum in p a rtib u s m arg in alib u s strom atis saepe ligneo- -b ru n n eu m, frag m en tib u s ligni vel corticc im m ersis absentibus sed cum gran u lis a tris copiosis im m ersis. A scosporae (12) (17,5) X 5 7 jxm fusiform es seu anguste ellipsoideae, u m b rin o -b ru n n eae, cum fissu ra g erm in ativ a recta u n ila te ra li sp o raru m aequilonga. Asci X 6,5 7 cum pedunculo ^ m longo, cum stru c tu ra apicali am vloidea disciform i. Species e p ro x im a a ffin ita te B iscogniauxiae repandae (Fr. ex J. C. S chm idt) O. K untze sed d iffert fissu ra g erm in ativ a sp o raru m sim plici (u nilaterali) e t o ccurentia in ram is e t tru n cis R h a m n i catharticae. O ccurit in B ohem ia centrali. olotypus : Č ertova sk ála in te r T ýřovice e t K řivoklát, ad ram o s iacentes R h a m n i catharticae, 18. X. 1977, leg. F. K otlaba et Z. P ouzar, PR M Biscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. 8 S trom ata erum pent at m atu rity breaking the bark, definitely restricted in extent and never w idely effused, orbicular to elliptical, tu rb in a te 1,3 2,7 X X 0,8 1,7 cm or 1,4 2 cm in diam, 2,7 6,2 m m thick, contracted strongly below and attached to th e wood by a n arrow base; disc 5 11 m m broad, slightly concave, som etim es flat, at first covered w ith th in lay er of felt w hich is grayish fi to grayish-brow n or pale w oody browrn, la te r calvescent and black, not or only 210