WORLD BANK BEIJING POVERTY ALLEVIATION MATERIÁLY PRO UČITELE

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1 WORLD BANK BEIJING POVERTY ALLEVIATION MATERIÁLY PRO UČITELE

2 What the World Bank is a poverty alleviation agency, that s our main call, and we do that by two means. One is projects, so we finance projects. It s not our projects, these are government projects all around the world focused towards poverty alleviation. And the second is through advice to governments on how to make better policies for the poor. We have... Our lending is about 25 billion $ a year which is normal no... but compared to the private flows but it is still significant in the number of countries especially the poorest countries they don t get much money from the capital markets. So there in those poor countries we re still quite significant. In China we do a 1,5 billion of lending every year which is still one of our bigger clients but of course in the grant scheme of things in China it is still fairly small. Globally we do a lot of health and education projects, we do quite a bit of infrastructure projects, that s where a lot of the money goes because these are more expensive than social setting. Increasing the environmental projects, local environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution but also global issues such as global warming and CO₂ reduction. We implement part of the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto protocol. So that s one of our financing sources if you want to help finance projects in development countries. On the emerging economy side, if you want the middle income countries as we call them, we increasingly move to advisory services lending is less important there. It s still a bit important for us because we are bank in the end and we want to do some business as well. We need to live by a bottom line but in general our impact is less through money as it is more through ideas. Although, some of these ideas are wrapped together with these projects that we do, so building new institutions, say a new social safety net in Brasil, or a health care system in Nigeria, to give a couple of examples. There s still new ideas that we help implement through financing alone. In general, for quite long time we found that by and large to private sector could finance a lot of infrastructure notably power generation or other things. But in China we continue to finance it. In part because China was quite different, we started with... We had a very different type of reform program, in which World Bank lending for power generation for long time still made sense. We ve stopped it now but China has enough sort of private or semiprivate financing for those power plants. But in the past when in most other countries, we were... had already moved out, we were still financing in China. So we re quite flexible there but certain thing... The thinking also changes. What is quite appropriate for some phases where there is abandoned private capital that seeks investment opportunities in development countries. That s very different from situations where there is a drought of private investment flowing into developing countries. We ve seen all of them over the last 25 years. Right after the Latin-American debt crisis private capital hardly or international private capital hardly flowed to developing countries, so the World Bank s role became more expanded even in sort of areas where traditionally private finance took a higher role. Nowadays is quite a bit of abundance of capital and so many emerging countries or middle income countries World Bank financing in more market oriented projects are less needed. Nevertheless there s still a whole range of countries especially among the poor and especially in Africa that don t receive private financing. So for all kinds of other reasons for more... credit... reasons. So even if you want the private sector to finance, they won t move in. So there the World Bank has a role. The 25 billion is the financing that we provide through our lending, so that s at the availability of the government to implement the projects. For the World Bank itself, if we look at our administrative budget, on how we use our administrative people, how we use our people in terms of lending, in terms of portfolio management, making sure that the money is well spent is called portfolio management, and then advisory services. That s very roughly, I don t know the number, but very roughly one third, one third and one third. So one third in new lending and project preparation, one third in portfolio management making sure that procurement rules are followed, making sure that financial management is correct, making sure that audits are done, etc. And then advisory services, in studies and advisory services for governments, about one third. That s at least how the China programme looks...

3 Světová banka je institucí pro zmírnění chudoby, to je naším hlavním cílem a uskutečňujeme ho dvěma způsoby. Jedním z nich jsou projekty, financování projektů. Nejsou to naše projekty, nýbrž vládní projekty po celém světě zaměřené na zmírnění chudoby. Druhým způsobem je poradenská činnost pro vlády v oblastech politiky boje s chudobou. Půjčujeme kolem 25 mld. dolarů ročně, což není ve srovnání se soukromým sektorem mnoho, ale stále se jedná o důležité číslo obzvláště pro chudé země, které z kapitálových trhů mnoho peněz nezískají. Takže v rozvojových zemích máme stále důležitou pozici. V Číně uskutečňujeme půjčky ve výši 1,5mld ročně takže pro nás zůstává jedním z větších klientů, samozřejmě v dotačním schématu Číny je to zanedbatelné. Celosvětově uskutečňujeme mnoho zdravotních a vzdělávacích projektů a také dost projektů ve výstavbě infrastruktury, tam jde hodně peněz, protože jsou dražší než ty v sociální oblasti. Roste i podíl projektů cílených na životní prostředí, místních projektů zabývajících se například znečištěním vody nebo vzduchu, ale jsou i globální problémy jako globální oteplování a redukce CO₂. Realizujeme část mechanismů pod Kjótským protokolem. Takže i to je jedním z našich finančních zdrojů pro, chcete-li, financování projektů v rozvojových zemích. V případě rostoucích ekonomik v zemích se středními příjmy, jak je nazýváme, se přesouváme do poradenské role, půjčování zde ztrácí na důležitosti. Stále je to pro nás ale významné, protože jsme přeci jen banka a také potřebujeme obchodovat. Sečteno a podtrženo, dopad našich aktivit je spíše skrze myšlenky než peníze. I když je mnoho projektů spojením poradenství i půjčování, jako třeba zakládání nových institucí, jako třeba síť sociálního zabezpečení v Brazílii nebo podpora zdravotnictví v Nigérii, abychom uvedli pár příkladů, stále existuje také mnoho myšlenek, které realizujeme pouze financováním. Obecně, už před časem jsme zjistili, že celkem vzato může soukromý sektor financovat velkou část infrastruktury, zejména v energetice nebo jiných sektorech. Ale v Číně pokračujeme s jejím financováním. Částečně je to kvůli tomu, že Čína je celkem odlišná, začali jsme s Měli jsme jiný typ reformního programu, ve kterém půjčky Světové Banky do energetiky po dlouhou dobu dávaly smysl. Nyní jsme je zastavily, protože Čína má na elektrárny dostatek soukromého a napůl soukromého financování. V minulosti, zatímco u jiných zemí jsme se stahovali, v Číně jsme stále financovali. Takže ohledně některých věcí jsme vcelku přizpůsobiví. Mění se i způsob myšlení. Co je správné pro rozvinuté země, kde je dostatek zahraničního kapitálu, pro který se hledá investiční uplatnění, to nemusí být správné pro rozvíjející se země, kde je takového kapitálu nedostatek. Za těch 25 let jsme viděli všechny tyto situace. Bezprostředně po krizi zadluženosti v latinské Americe neproudil do rozvojových zemí téměř žádný soukromý nebo mezinárodní kapitál, takže role Banky pro rozvoj vzrostla a zasahovala i do odvětví, kde mají tradičně silnější roli soukromé finance. V dnešní době je už kapitálu dostatek a mnoho zemí je na vzestupu nebo jsou to země se středním příjmem. Takže financování Světové banky v tržně orientovaných projektech už není tolik potřebné. Nicméně stále existuje mnoho zemí, obzvláště těch chudých a zejména v Africe, kterým se soukromé financování nedostává. A to z mnoha důvodů, například kvůli důvěryhodnosti. A tak ačkoli je poptávka po soukromém financování, tak do země nepřichází. To je role pro Světovou banku. Skrze naše půjčky poskytujeme financování ve výši 25 miliard dolarů, to dává vládě možnost uskutečňovat projekty. Co se týče Světové banky samotné, sledujeme svůj správní rozpočet, sledujeme způsob užití našich organizačních pracovníků a úvěrových pracovníků, abychom spravovali své portfolio. Sledování správného užití našich peněz se nazývá portfolio management. Také sledujeme své poradenské služby. To je zhruba, nevím přesná čísla, jedna třetina, jedna třetina a jedna třetina. Takže jedna třetina jde na nové půjčky a přípravu projektů, jedna třetina jde na portfolio management, kontrolu, že jsou respektována pravidla veřejných zakázek a že nakládání s penězi je správné atp. A pak jsou to poradenské služby, ve studiích, a poradenství pro vlády, to je také jedna třetina. Minimálně takto je nastaven program v Číně.

4 write check discuss share match answer find info EXERCISE 1 Discuss and share your answers to the following questions: 1. Try to think of reasons to explain why some countries in the world are rich and some are poor? Which factors do you have to consider? What about our country? Are we rich or poor? Explain. 2. If there is a poor person in the street asking you for money, is it a good idea to give them some? Why? Why not? What do you need to know before you decide? What do you typically do in this situation? 3. Can you generalize conditions from poor people in this situation to other kinds of poor people in the country? What criteria do you think the World Bank uses to give money to poor countries? Should their criteria be different from giving money to poor people? How so? Explain. 4. Think of possibilities how to help poor countries become more economically self-sufficient. Justify your proposals.

5 EXERCISE 2 Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? 1. The World Bank mostly advises the middle income countries rather than lend them money. 2. China is a special case because it is relatively rich but the World Bank still finances a lot of projects. 3. It is possible to attract private finance to any region in the world. 4. Portfolio management means supervising that resources are spent wisely. 5. The World Bank is a loss-making institution that tries to help the poor countries. 6. The main task of the World Bank in poor countries is to provide loans. 7. About half of the World Bank resources are dedicated to the operation of the bank. EXERCISE 3 Listen and fill in the missing text. 1. What the World Bank is a poverty alleviation agency, that s our main call, and we do that by two means. 2. Increasing the environmental projects, local environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution but also global issues such as global warming and CO₂ reduction. We implement part of the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto protocol. 3. On the emerging economy side, if you want the middle income countries as we call them, we increasingly move to advisory services lending is less important there. 4. We need to live by a bottom line but in general our impact is less through money as it is more through ideas. Although, some of these ideas are wrapped together with these projects that we do, so building new institutions, say a new social safety net in Brasil, or 5. In general, for quite long time we found that by and large to private sector could finance a lot of infrastructure notably power generation or other things. 6. That s very different from situations where there is a drought of private investment flow into developing countries. We ve seen all of them over the last 25 years. Right after the Latin-American debt crisis private capital hardly or international private capital hardly flow to developing countries, so the World Bank s role became more expanded even in sort of areas where traditionally private finance took a higher role. Nowadays is quite a bit of abundance of capital and so many emerging countries or middle income countries World Bank financing in more market oriented projects are less needed. 7. Nevertheless there s still a whole range of countries especially among the poor and especially in Africa that don t receive private financing.

6 EXERCISE 4 Match the following English expressions with their Czech equivalent. 1. ALLEVIATION A)TOK 9. GLOBAL WARMING I)ROZVOJOVÉ ZEMĚ 2. FLOW B)ZABALIT 10. ADVISORY J)STŘEDNĚ PŘÍJMOVÉ ZEMĚ 3. BOTTOM LINE C)SKORO NE 11. BY AND LARGE K)NICMÉNĚ 4. EMERGING D)HOJNOST 12. POWER GENERATION L)PORADENSTVÍ COUNTRIES 5. MIDDLE INCOME E)GLOBÁLNÍ 13. DROUGHT M)TAH, ODLIV COUNTRIES OTEPLOVÁNÍ 6. NEVERTHELESS F)PROSTŘEDEK 14. WRAP N)VÝSLEDOVKA, SPODNÍ ŘÁDKA 7. MEANS G)ZNEČIŠTĚNÍ 15. HARDLY O)CELKOVĚ VZATO 8. POLLUTION H)VÝROBA ELEKTŘINY 16. ABUNDANCE P)ÚLEVA, ZMÍRNĚNÍ PHRASE BOOK Use the vocabulary list above to develop questions you could ask the Manager in a mock interview. With a partner, take turns being the Manager. Role play asking and answering your questions. EMERGING COUNTRIES MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES POWER GENERATION Countries that have improved capital situations with greater market aktivity and economic production in various sectors. Countries whose economic sectors contribute to improved growth in production, income, and development with higher GDPs and assets in ratio to debts. Refers to a system of plants, grids, networks, and devices through which various forms of energy, e.g. elektricity, solar, geo-thermal, wind, biodiesel, etc. is developer, converted, and distributed. The term is also used colloquiallly to refer metaphorically to the next generation of entrepreneurs who are developing alternative energy systems and components.

7 EXERCISE 5 PREPARE, PRESENT, AND DISCUSS 1. Divide into 4 groups. Each group will select one of the following countries to research using your resources and the Internet to find out about: Haiti, Myanmar, Sudan, Rwanda. Concentrate on finding their major problems and identifying aid organizations active in the nations. Research how they are trying to help. 2. Give a presentation to the rest of the class about your findings. 3. As a whole group, discuss which of these countries probably needs aid most urgently. Based on the speaker s three areas of assistance the World Bank offers, what forms of help would be most beneficial to them? What can you do as students to respond to their need for help? Brainstorm ideas. Would you be willing to organize assistance to one of the aid organizations working on their behalf? EXERCISE GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX TEST 1. The speaker in the video said: That s very different from situations where there is a drought of private investment. Which of the following words are ALSO typically followed by the preposition FROM? A) suffer B) insist C) consist D) escape E) made F) come G) accused 2. Are the prepositions in the following sentences used correctly? A) I was waiting on him for two hours. B) The song reminded me of something. C) Bread is made of flour. D) I cannot resist from chocolate. E) They blame me for it. F) I am interested at music. G) She is really good in English. 3. Connect the following words with their typical prepositions. 1. DEPENDENT A) WITH 2. RESISTANT B) OVER 3. DISAGREE C) ABOUT 4. ARGUE D) TO 5. DEAL E) INTO 6. RELY F) ON 7. DO SOMETHING G) ON 8. TRANSLATE H) WITH 4. Use your answers from Question 4 to make 8 sentences. COMPETE TO COMPLETE the quickest.

8 WHILE YOU WATCH EXERCISE 2 1. TRUE, 2. TRUE, 3. FALSE, 4. TRUE, 5. FALSE, 6. TRUE, 7. FALSE EXERCISE 3 1. What the World Bank is a poverty alleviation agency, that s our main call, and we do that by two means. 2. Increasing the environmental projects, local environmental issues such as water pollution, air pollution but also global issues such as global warming and CO₂ reduction. We implement part of the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto protocol. 3. On the emerging economy side, if you want the middle income countries as we call them, we increasingly move to advisory services lending is less important there. 4. We need to live by a bottom line but in general our impact is less through money as it is more through ideas. Although, some of these ideas are wrapped together with these projects that we do, so building new institutions, say a new social safety net in Brasil, or 5. In general, for quite long time we found that by and large to private sector could finance a lot of infrastructure notably power generation or other things. 6. That s very different from situations where there is a drought of private investment flow into developing countries. We ve seen all of them over the last 25 years. Right after the Latin-American debt crisis private capital hardly or international private capital hardly flow to developing countries, so the World Bank s role became more expanded even in sort of areas where traditionally private finance took a higher role. Nowadays is quite a bit of abundance of capital and so many emerging countries or middle income countries World Bank financing in more market oriented projects are less needed. 7. Nevertheless there s still a whole range of countries especially among the poor and especially in Africa that don t receive private financing.

9 AFTER YOU WATCH EXERCISE 4 1P,2A,3N,4I,5J,6K,7F,8G,9E,10L,11O,12H,13M,14B,15C,16D AFTER YOU WATCH EXERCISE 6 1. A,D,E,F Prepositions for all phrases: A) suffer from, B) insist on, C) consist of, D) escape from, E) come from, made of/from, D) accused of 2. A) I was waiting FOR him for two hours. B) The song reminded me of something. - CORRECT C) Bread is made FROM flour. D) I cannot resist from chocolate. E) They blame me for it. - CORRECT F) I am interested IN music. G) She is really good AT English. 3. 1F/G, 2D, 3A/H, 4B, A/H, 5 A/H, 6 F/G, 7C, 8E 4. He is dependent upon his mother to prepare his meals and do his laundry. They are resistant to making the necessary changes. The government disagrees with the recommendations by the TOP party for austerity measures. If we do not agree, how much time and money will we lost to argue over it? The rebels want to make a deal with the government for the release of political prisoners. The aid organizations rely on external evaluations to determine their effectiveness. Don t just stand there, do something about it! The quantitative measurements do not translate into qualitative outcomes.