Proceedings of the 11 th International Scientific Conference

Transkript

1 Proceedings of the 11 th International Scientific Conference ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING 2010 BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

2 Name: Proccedingsofthe11 th InternationalScientificConferenceElectricPowerEngineering2010 Publisher: Brno University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Department of Electrical Power Engineering Published: May 4, 2010, Brno, Czech Republic Editors: Jiří Drápela, Jan Macháček Edition: first Circulation: 220 Print: MSD, s. r. o., Brno, 2010 Cover: Lindovský& Psota, Brno, c 2010 Price: 100 e The authors are responsible for the contentual and lingual accuracy of their papers and the materials they present. Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Department of Electrical Power Engineering c ISBN

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part A- Invited lectures EvaluationoftheMethodsforHarmonicResonanceAnalysesinPowerSystems... 3 Kazimierz Wilkosz(Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) SmartMeteringandRippleControl... 9 György Morva, István Szén Óbuda(University of Budapest, Hungary) AdvancedAdaptiveControlforThyristorControlledSeriesCapacitors Nikolay Djagarov, Zhivko Grozdev, Milen Bonev(Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria), Michal Kolcun, Ľubomír Beňa, Daniel Hlubeň(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) DevelopmentTendencyoftheBalticPowerSystem Anna Mutule, Irina Oleinikova, Artjoms Obushevs(Institute of Physical Energetics, Latvia) Fault Location on Power Transmission Lines with Use of Two- End Synchronised andunsynchronisedmeasurements Jan Izykowski, Eugeniusz Rosolowski(Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) ProtectingGridConnectedWindFarms Zhibo Ma, Miles A. Redfern(University of Bath, United Kingdom) Příspěvekkstrategickémuvýznamuelektroenergetiky Contribution to Strategic Significancy of Electrical Power Engineering Zdeněk Vostracký(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Intelligent Measurement as the Decisive Factor into the Creation of the Strategy oftheenergy-efficiency Jerzy Szkutnik(Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland) ActionandReactioninElectricalCircuits-PartI Jaan Järvik(Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) ActionandReactioninElectricalEquipment-PartII Jaan Järvik(Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) WindandHydroPowerLarge-scaleIntegrationWithEnergyStorageintoRegionalPowerGrid Viktor V. Elistratov(Saint- Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Russia) Part B- Power system management and operation, Electricity market PTDFCalculationinNetworkwithPhaseShiftingTransformers Karel Máslo, Andrew Kasembe(ČEPS, a. s., Czech Republic) StředoevropskýregionjakokontextmodelovánítrhuselektřinouvČeskérepublice Central European Region As an Electricity Market Modeling Context in Czech Republic Petr Čambala, Michal Macenauer, Jan Toufar(EGÚ Brno, a. s., Czech Republic), Martin Hrubý(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ZigBeeSmartEnergyprofilvsítiSmartGrid ZigBee Smart Energy Profile in the Smart Grid Aleš Krutina(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) TransmissionLinesLoadingControlusingFACTSSystems Zdeněk Müller, Tomáš Sýkora, Jan Švec, Josef Tlustý (Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) TheSizeofCustomers LoadsInfluencetoTheirReconnectionintheReconfiguration Martin Paar(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) vii

4 NumericalStabilityoftheNewton-RaphsonMethodinLoadFlowAnalysis Jan Veleba(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) AutomaticPowerLoadBalancingusingaMulti-AgentSystem Miroslav Prýmek, Aleš Horák(Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic), Petr Baxant,(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TheImpactofFACTSDevicestoControltheLoadFlow Stanislav Kušnír, Ľubomír Beňa, Michal Kolcun(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) Power Consumption Profiles and Potentials of Selected Electrical Appliances aswaytoregulateelectricitynetwork Petr Baxant(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Part C- Transmission and distribution grids, Faults and protection of power networks Breaker Control Scheme for Rebuilding Networks containing Distributed Generation followingsystemdisturbances Wenting Shang, Miles A Redfern, R O Gorman(University of Bath, United Kingdom) AnalysisofTechnicalLossesintheLowandMediumVoltagePowerNetwork Anna Gawlak(Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland) ANewFuzzyDifferentialProtectionforParallelLines Krzysztof Solak, Waldemar Rebizant(Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) Load Capacity and Transient Stability Analysis on Modified IEEE 14 Bus System usingpowersystemanalysistoolbox(psat) Joseph E. Essilfie, Josef Tlustý(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) DynamicEquivalentsinPowerSystemStabilityAssessment Petr Mareček, Miroslav Müller, Zdeněk Müller, Jan Švec, Tomáš Sýkora, Josef Tlustý (Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) Rectangular Formulation of Power System State Estimation: A Critical Analysis ofdifferentsolutionstotheproblemofzero-injectionmeasurements Tomasz Okoń, Kazimierz Wilkosz(Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) EvaluationofPowerGridDevelopmentUsingNewton-RapshonMethod Almabrok Abdoalhade Almabrok, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) OchranyakomunikacevSmartGrid Protections and Communications in Smart Grid Luboš Frank(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Influence of Parameters of Electrical Power System on Rise and Course offerroresonanceovervoltage Branislav Bátora, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) CCT-BasicCriteriaofPowerSystemTransientStability Žaneta Eleschová, Anton Beláň(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) ImpactofPSTTransformersonShort-circuitConditionsofthePowerSystem Vladimír Krištof, Daniel Hlubeň, Michal Kolcun(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) Possible Application of Triangulation Principles for Fault Location in22kvdistributionnetwork Marek Höger, Peter Braciník(University of Žilina, Slovak Republic) Negative Effects of the Earth Fault in Isolated Neutral System IT/500V onrollingmillforrailplant Tomáš Sniegoň, Jiří Gurecký viii

5 Podílvlivusvodunavýpočtychodusítěuvedení110kVaž750kV ShareofInfluenceoftheLeakageonCalculationofNetworkWorkingattheLineof110kVto750kV Ladislav Rudolf(University of Ostrava, Czech Republic) Aplikacesoftwaruprovýpočtytechnickýchztrátnavedenípřenosovésoustavy Application of Software for Calculations of Technical Losses on the Line of the Transmission System Ladislav Rudolf(University of Ostrava, Czech Republic), Vladimír Král PorovnánísimulacetransientníchjevůvprogramuEMTP-ATPaPSCAD Confrontation of Transient Phenomena Simulation in EMTP- ATP and PSCAD David Topolánek, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Kompenzacevlivuparalelníhovedenínastavenímzemníhopoměrudistančníchochran The compensation of a Influence Parallel Line by Setting of a Ground Rate of a Distance Protection Jiří Bermann(ABB, s. r. o., Czech Republic) ProtectionofDistributionNetworkwithInsertedUndergroundCables Jaroslava Orságová, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TKSLandWavePartialDifferentialEquation Jiří Kunovský, Alexandr Szöllös, Václav Šátek(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Part D- Power generation, Dispersed generation and its integration ComputerModellingofElectricalPrecipitationandSeparation Roman Cimbala(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic), Milan Bernát, Renáta Bernátová(University of Presov in Presov, Slovak Republic) ProductionConditionsAnalysisofCogenerationUnitsBasedonGasEngineandGasTurbine Nail Khisamutdinov, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ExperienceswithExaminationofDispersedSourcesImpactonDistributionPowerSystem Jozef Rusnák, Ľubomír Beňa, Michal Kolcun(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) NasazenífotovoltaickéelektrárnyvlokálnídistribučnísoustavěLetištěOstrava,a.s Placing of Photovoltaic Power Station in Local Distribution System of Airport Ostrava, a. s. Milan Messerschmidt, Jiří Gurecký Zvyšovanievyužitiaprimárnejenergievsystémochskogeneračnýmijednotkami Cogeneration Waste Heat Conversion to Electric Power Marek Pípa, Juraj Kubica, František Janíček(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) EvaluationFactorsinCarbonCaptureTechnologies Tomáš Bartošík, Petr Mastný(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) VlivkogeneračnívýrobyteplaaelektřinynapříkladuElektrárnyPoříčíII Influence of Cogeneration in Heat and Electricity Production on Example of Power Station Poříčí II Jiří Beneš, Zbyněk Martínek(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Feedback Effects Definition of Alternative Electric Energy Sources Connected tothedistributionpowernetwork Ondřej Procházka, Jiří Gurecký, Stanislav Mišák OperatingModeofPermanentMagnetSynchronousGenerator Václav Sládeček, Petr Palacký, David Slivka, Petr Hudeček Využitíobnovitelnýchzdrojůenergieknapájenísvítidelveřejnéhoosvětlení Use of Renewable Energy to Power public Lighting Luminaire Tomáš Novák, Stanislav Mišák, Karel Sokanský QualityofElectricPowerSuppliedbyCo-generationUnitwithLandfillGasCombustion Jiří Gurecký, Petr Moldřík ix

6 Zpětnévlivyvětrnýchelektrárennanapájecísíť Impact of Wind Power Plants on Distribution Systems Power Quality Daniel Spáčil, Pavel Santarius OptimisationofOperationofWindPowerGeneratorsinDistributionSystem František Střída, Martin Mach, Stanislav Rusek DomesticCogenerationUnitsSchemewithGasBoilerandwithHeatAccumulator Nail Khisamutdinov, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Hodnoceníporucharmaturvjadernýchelektrárnách Investigation of Fitting Defects in Nuclear Power Plants Jiří Raček(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Part E- Renewable energy sources, Energy accumulation and storage devices CaseStudyofCyprus:WindEnergyorSolarPower? Davut Solyali, Miles A. Redfern(University of Bath, United Kingdom) OptimalizacevětrnéelektrárnysvyužitímprogramuEMTP-ATP Wind Power Plant Optimalization by EMTPl- ATP Stanislav Mišák, Veleslav Mach Analýzatechnickýchaekonomickýchparametrůhybridníchsystémů Technical- Economic Analysis of Hybrid Off- Grid Power System Stanislav Mišák, Lukáš Prokop Predikcevýrobyelektrickéenergiezvětrnýchelektráren Prediction System for Energy Production from WPP Stanislav Mišák, Lukáš Prokop Hodnoceníefektivityprácetepelnýchčerpadel Effectiveness Evaluation of Heat Pump Operation Mojmír Vrtek DesignandMaterialModificationofHeatEngineCompressionCylinder Jan Macháček(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TheDesignofaThermoelectricGenerator Jan Gregor, Ivana Jakubová(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TowardsRenewableEnergySources Miroslava Smitková, František Janíček, Ivan Daruľa(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) Využitítepelnéhočerpadlaprochlazenífotovoltaickéhopanelu Utilization of Heat Pump for Cooling of Photovoltaic Module Jiří Polívka(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Vyhodnoceníprovozníchúčinnostívětrnéelektrárny Operating Efficiency Diagnostics Wind Power Plant Tomáš Mlčák, Stanislav Mišák PhotovoltaicPowerPlantsintheElectricitySystem Jan Novotný, Antonín Matoušek(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Maximalizacezískáváníelektrickéenergiezfotovoltaickéhopanelu Maximal Energetic Effect of Solar Photovoltaic Cell Ludvík Koval, Mojmír Vrtek, Petr Bilík Vlivyprovozníchpodmíneknaelektronikuobnovitelnýchzdrojů The Influence of Environment on Renewable Source Electronics Marek Tučan, Pavel Žák(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) x

7 PokusnábioplynovástanicasosuchoufermentáciouaKGJ Experimental Biogas Station with Dry Fermentation and Cogeneration- unit Marek Pípa, Juraj Kubica, František Janíček(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) LaboratóriumOZEnaFEISTUvBratislave Laboratory of RES on Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Marek Pípa, Juraj Kubica, František Janíček(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) OperationCharacteristicsofHydrogenProtonExchangeMembraneFuelCells Petr Moldřík, Roman Chválek, Robert Šebesta GridConnectionofPhotofoltaicSources-LegislativeRequirements Jana Jiřičková, Milan Krasl, Rostislav Vlk(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) The Usage of Compressed Air Energy Storage in Cooperation ofgeothermalenergyintheczechrepublic Lukáš Radil, Petr Mastný(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) SimulationCycleofHeatPumpbythehelpofWolframMathematica Lukáš Radil, Petr Mastný(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Efektivnostvýrobyteplaachladupřivyužitísolárníenergie Effective Heat and Cold Production with the Use of Solar Energy Iva Pešková, Karel Štrunc, Zbyněk Martínek(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Designing Energy Systems for Low Energy Buildings With the Support ofknowledgetechnologies Petr Mastný, Zuzana Mastná(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Tepelnáčerpadla,obnovitelnýzdrojenergieproaulunaVŠB-TUOstrava Heat Pumps, Renewable Energy Source for the University Hall VŠB- TU Ostrava Zdeněk Hradílek, Petr Zach StochasticsintheElectricityGenerationinWindandPhotovoltaicPowerStations Martin Vysloužil, Zdeněk Hradílek ReliabilityofElectricityPowerSuppliesfromRenewableSources Zdeněk Hradílek, Tomáš Šumbera PhotovoltaicSourcesforHydrogenProductioninVSB-TUOstravaLaboratory Roman Chválek, Zdeněk Hradílek, Petr Moldřík MožnostisplněnípožadavkůEUvoblastiobnovitelnýchzdrojůvpodmínkáchČR Possibilities of the Czech Republic to Fulfil EU Requirements in Renewable Sources Area Jiří Ptáček, Petr Modlitba, Tomáš Špaček, Jiří Malý(EGÚ Brno, a. s., Czech Republic) PartF-EMC,Powerqualityandmetering MethodsforDetectionofSub-harmonicsinPowerSystems Sabino Giarnetti, Fabio Leccese(University Roma Tre, Italy), Zbigniew Leonowicz(Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) Advanced CFD Application in Medium Voltage Instrument Transformers andsensorsdevelopmentandmanufacturing David Raschka, Petr Michlíček(ABB, s. r. o., Czech Republic) DesignofTransducersMatchingRequirementsofMicroprocessor-BasedEquipment Radek Javora, Pavel Váňo(ABB, s. r. o., Czech Republic) Problematikavyhodnocováníparametruflicker Problems when Evaluating the Flicker Martin Kašpírek(E.ON, s. r. o., Czech Republic) xi

8 Experimentální ověření vlivu filtračně- kompenzačního zařízení na provoz trakčnítransformovny Experimental verification of tuned capacitor bank impact on traction transformer sub- station Petr Orság, Stanislav Kocman, Jaroslav Kýpus Postprocessingrozsáhlýchdatovýchsouborůměření Postprocessing of Large Measurement Datasets Stanislav Sumec, Petr Baxant(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Vlivkvalitynapájecíhonapětínaprovoznívlastnostipulzníhousměrňovače The Voltage Power Quality Impact to the Pulse Rectifier Operating Properties Stanislav Kocman, Petr Orság, Jaroslav Kypús ALight-flickermeter-PartI:Design Jiří Drápela, Jan Šlezingr(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ALight-flickermeter-PartII:RealizationandVerification Jiří Drápela, Jan Šlezingr(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ElektronickýpředřadníkspasivnímkapacitnímPFCobvodemanábojovoupumpou Electronic Ballast with Charge Pumped Valley- Fill Passive PFC Jan Pithart, Jiří Drápela(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Návrhsimulátorukolísánínapětí Design of a Voltage Fluctuation Simulator Jan Šlezingr, Jiří Drápela(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ComparisonofVoltageEventsDetectionMethods Jaromír Bok, Jiří Drápela(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Vliv délky vyhodnocovacího intervalu veličin na výsledky vybraných parametrůkvalityelektřiny The Impact of the Aggregation Interval Length on Selected Power Quality Quantities and Their Results Jan Žídek, Petr Bilík, Daniel Kaminský Statistickézpracováníveličinsedvěmalimityprohodnoceníkvalityelektrickéenergie Statistical Data Processing of two Limits Quantities for Power Quality Evaluation Purposes Jan Žídek, Petr Bilík, Daniel Kaminský Selected Aspects of Evaluation of Complete Frequency Spectra upto9khzaccordingtovalidinternationalstandard Petr Bilík VlivzměndruhéhovydáníIEC naimplementaciměřičeblikání PlannedChangesintheSecondEditionofIEC and Their Impact on Flickermeter Specification Petr Bilík AnalyzátorvýkonůaúčinnostifrekvenčníchměničůnaplatforměcRIO Frequency Converter Power and Efficiency Analyzer Based on crio Platform Marek Hořínek, Petr Pětvaldský, Petr Bilík Testování odezvy zdrojů nepřetržitého napájení(ups) na krátkodobé poklesy, zvýšeníapřerušenínapětí Testing of Uninterruptable Power Supplies(UPS) Response on Short Time Voltage Dips, Swells and Interruptions Petr Pětvaldský, Marek Hořínek, Petr Bilík Možnosti rozšíření analyzátorů kvality o vyhodnocování synchronních fázorů asynchronizovanéměřenípřechodnýchdějů Extension of Power Quality Analyzer Functionality for Synchrophasor Evaluation and Synchronized Measurement of Transient Signals Jakub Maňas, Petr Bilík xii

9 Záznamník provozních a poruchových stavů pro systém akumulace elektrické energie zobnovitelnýchzdrojů(oze) Datalogger for Operational and Disturbance Signals Monitoring Intended for Electrical Energy Accumulation System Using Renewable Energy Sources Jakub Maňas, Petr Bilík VývojprenosnéhoVNsystémupremeranieprúdu Development of portable high- voltate system for current measurement Attila Kment, Marek Pípa(Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic) Porovnání výsledků vyhodnocení blikání řady PQ analyzátorů na opakovatelných kolísajícíchnapěťovýchsignálechodpovídajícíchněkterýmtypickýmspotřebičům The Flickermeter Results Comparison Using Reproducible Voltage Varying Signals Corresponding with some Typical Loads Martin Kašpírek(E.ON, s. r. o., Czech Republic), Petr Bilík Influence of Power Semiconductor Converters Setup on the Quality ofelectricalenergyfromrenewablesources Václav Sládeček, Petr Palacký, David Slivka, Martin Sobek Praktickéměřeníkvalityelektrickéenergieamožnostzlepšeníjejíkvality Experiences with Measuring Power Quality in Real Operating Conditions Petr Hečko, Alena Otčenášová(University of Žilina, Slovak Republic) Testing of Appliances Immunity to Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions underlaboratoryconditionsandpracticalusageofresults Jaromír Bok, Jiří Drápela(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ActivePowerFiltersandtheirApplications Petr Simonik, Pavel Brandstetter, Petr Chlebis SpoluprácetrakčníaenergetickésoustavyzhlediskaEMC Cooperation of Traction Transformer Substation with Electric Power System in term of EMC Petr Mičulka, Josef Paleček, Václav Kolář, Vítězslav Stýskala AnalýzavlivutrakčnítransformovnyVelešínnanapájecísoustavuzhlediskanesymetrie An Analysis of the Influence of Traction Transformer Substation in Velesin on Power Network in Terms of Unbalance Václav Kolář, Josef Paleček, Petr Mičulka, Vítězslav Stýskala Analýza stavu kvality napětí v distribuční síti, očekávané náklady nazajištěnípožadavkůnormyčsnen Analysis of Voltage Quality Condition in Distribution Systems and Expected Costs to Meet the Standard ČSN EN Requirements Martin Kašpírek(E.ON, s. r. o., Czech Republic) Metoda pro rychlé a korektní kontinuální měření jalového výkonu provýpočetněomezenémikroprocesory Method for Fast and Precise Calculation of Reactive Power for Computationally Limited Microprocessors Jan Kraus, Tomáš Tobiška(Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic) Part G- Power grids and systems reliability Practical and Theoretical Methods of Reliability Securing intransmissionanddistributionnetwork Antons Kutjuns, Laila Zemite, Kristina Berzina(Riga Technical University, Latvia) xiii

10 ErrorEstimationofMonteCarloReliabilityModelofPowerDistributionNetwork Pavel Praks, Tadeusz Sikora SensitivityAnalysisofMonteCarloElectricPowerGridReliabilityCalculation Tadeusz Sikora, Vladimír Král, Stanislav Rusek, Radomír Goňo AnalysisofFailureDatabases Radomír Goňo, Michal Krátký, Stanislav Rusek Possibilities of Using Multi- Dimensional Statistical Analyses Methods WhenEvaluatingReliabilityofDistributionNetworks Lukáš Geschwinder, Petr Toman(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TheSolutionforRepairableUnits Zbyněk Martínek, Veronika Královcová(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Současnétrendyvrozvojidistribučníchsítísohledemnanepřetržitostdistribuce Present Trends in Distribution System Development with Regard to Supply Continuity Petr Skala, Václav Dětřich(EGÚ Brno, a. s., Czech Republic) Oceňovánínedodanéelektrickéenergie Estimation of Energy not Supply Zdenek Medvec StatisticalMonitoringofFailures-MethodsandUse Blanka Šedivá, Eva Wagnerová, František Vávra, Tomáš Ťoupal, Patrice Marek (University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Decision-makingModelsofMCAandSupportingSoftwareforElectricPowerEngineering Jiří Gurecký, Petr Moldřík Cascade and Independent Malfunctions and Damages of Safety Systems intermsofanuclearaccident Michal Ptáček, Antonín Matoušek(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Part H- Power network elements and diagnostics Moderníprincipytestovánísilnoproudýchrozváděčů Modern Testing Principles of High Power Distribution Boxes Tomáš Wittassek, Jan Žídek New Approach of Thermal Field and Ampacity of Underground Cables UsingAdaptivehp-FEM Miroslav Müller,Josef Tlustý(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) PhanTu Vu(HoChiMinhCity Univeristy of Technology, Vietnam) HighFrequencySignalsTransmittingviaLowVoltageInstallations Pavel Mindl, Tomáš Jukl, Zdeněk Čeřovský(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) MeasurementofSurfaceDischargeinElectroinsulatingLiquids Iraida Kolcunová, Martin Marci(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) Měřeníteplotyprostřednictvímoptovláknovýchsenzorůvenergetice Temperature Measurements by Fibre Optic Sensors in Power Industry Michal Mazanec(SAFIBRA, s. r. o., Czech Republic) TheoreticalAnalysesofaSubstationGroundingSystem Jan Sedláček(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) NumericalAnalysisofa25kVBusHolder Jan Sedláček, Jiří Laurenc(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) xiv

11 Fyzikálníjevykontaktníchsestav Physical Phenomena in contact assemblies Jana Jiřičková, Štěpán Rusňák, Rostislav Vlk(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) VyužitíprogramovéhoprostředíANSYS,prooptimalizacivodičůvenkovníhovedení Optimization of overhead lines using ANSYS SW Stanislav Mišák, Štefan Hamacek Porovnánímodelůalternátoruvmodelovacíchnástrojíchvhodnýchproelektroenergetiku Comparison of Alternator Models in Modeling Tools Suitable for Power Engineering Lucie Noháčová, Karel Noháč(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) Modelováníizolačníchvadvestatorovémvinutíturbogenerátoru Modelling of Insulating Defects in Stator Winding of Turbo Generator Jan Klasna, Petr Martínek, Josef Pihera(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic), Radek Fanta(BRUSH SEM, s. r. o., Czech Republic) IntelligentDiagnosticUnitofaDrive Petr Palacký, Petr Hudeček David Slivka, Martin Sobek, Václav Sládeček Zvýšení účinnosti synchronního generátoru s permanentními magnety pro větrnou elektrárnu Increasing of Efficiency of PM Synchronous Generator for Wind- Power Plant Petr Kačor, Stanislav Mišák Měřenípropuštěnéenergievjističinízkéhonapětípřizkratu Measurement of Let- Through Energy of Low Voltage Cirit Breakers in Short- Circuit Condition Petr Kačor Eliminaceemisníhohlukuelektrickýchstrojůapřístrojůpomocíprotifáze Electrical devices noise emissions elimination using anti- phase concept Viktor Pokorný Metódy snímania čiastkových výbojov v izolačných systémoch vysokonapäťovýchzariadení Partial Discharge Measuring Methods in The Case of High Voltage Insulation Systems Jaroslav Petráš, Jaroslav Džmura, Jozef Balogh(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) Výskytwhiskerůrizikemprofunkcielektrárny Whisker Appearance Risk for Power Plant Functionality Pavel Žák, Ivan Kudláček(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) Stárnutívýkonovýchtransformátorů Power Transformer Ageing Eva Müllerová(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic), Jan Hrůza(ETD TRANSFORMÁTORY, a. s., Czech Republic) AnalysisofIssuesinLong-thermThermovisionMeasurementsinDistributionNetworks Miroslav Hrabčík, Radomír Goňo Experimental Analysis of Temperature Influence on Idly Currents Parameters oftypestoroidtransformerscomparedwithconventionaltypesoftransformers Aleš Folvarčný, Martin Marek ThermalAnalysisofHVTypeTractionDisconnectorUsingFEM Regina Holčáková, Martin Marek The Change of Relaxation Current Pattern Due to Forced Thermal Aging ofsinteredceramics Bystrík Dolník, Juraj Kurimský(The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) ThermalDependencyofDielectricPropertiesofLiquidInsulatingMaterials Roman Cimbala, Iraida Kolcunová, Lýdia Dedinská, Vieroslava Čačková (The Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) xv

12 Economical and Technical Problems of High Voltage Power Line Construction andmodernizationwiththeuseofhigh-temperaturelowsagwiretechnology Jerzy Szkutnik(Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland), Krystyna Baum(ENION S.A, Poland) Vybranéprincipyelektroenergetiky Veleslav Mach Part I- Power electronics, electric power applications Experimentální určení celkového součinitele přestupu tepla mezi předřadníkem avnitřnímprostoremsvítidla Experimental Determination of the Heat- Transfer Coefficient Between a Ballast and a Lighting unit Interior Miroslav Müller, Jan Kyncl(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) Nalezeníoptimálníhotvaruelektromagnetu Finding the Optimal Shape of the Electromagnet Stanislav Zajaczek, Lubomír Ivánek, Phan Thi Thanh Thao Analýzapohonůvelkýchvýkonůvevlastníspotřeběenergobloku Analysis of Big Drives in Internal Consumption of Powerblock Zdeněk Vostracký, Václav Pašek, Martin Kadera(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) TransportCoefficientsofAirandArgonPlasmas Ilona Lázničková(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ThermalPlasmaParametersDeterminingTechniques Jan Gregor, Ivana Jakubová, Tomáš Mendl, Josef Šenk(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) PropertiesofaDCArcPlasmaGenerator Jan Gregor, Ivana Jakubová, Josef Šenk(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) TheNewTypeofResonantActivePowerFilter Petr Simonik, Petr Chlebis, Zdenek Pfof, Petr Vaculik ModernWiringSystemasBuildingManagementSystem Branislav Bátora, Petr Toman, Jan Macháček(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) Vývojionizačníhozapalovacíhozdrojeproplazmovýgenerátor Development of Ionization Source for Plasma Generator Pavel Kloversa, Jaroslav Fait(University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic) ControlofLightingSystemsUsingCompactSystems Jan Škoda, Petr Baxant(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ComparisonofEfficiencyofLuminairebytheShapeoftheLuminousIntensityCurve Jan Škoda, Petr Baxant(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) ComparisonofLightingRegulatorsinTermsofEnergySavingsandOperationalParameters Tomáš Pavelka, Petr Baxant(Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic) MarketingStudyoftheElectricVehicles Diffusion Eva Chlebišová, Jana Kyzeková, Hana Svobodová Optimalizaceměřenípříkonutepelnéhozařízeníspulznímřízením Optimization of pulse controlled heat load input power measurement Vladimír Král, Zdeněk Hradílek AsynchronousMotorWorkingasGeneratorwithVSIusingFluxFieldOrientedControl Petr Palacký, Martin Sobek, Petr Hudeček, David Slivka, Václav Sládeček xvi

13 ElectricCarwithInductionMotorSuppliedbyVoltageInverter Ivo Neborak, Petr Skotnica Využitízapojenísnižujícíhoměničenapětívobvodustřídavéhonapájení UseoftheBuckConverterinACCircuits Michal Brejcha(Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic) Úsporyenergievosvětlovánípřihodnoceníenergetickénáročnostibudov Energy Savings in Lighting When Assessing the Energy Performance of Buildings Karel Sokanský, Tomáš Novák, Jaroslav Šnobl Innovative Research of Modern Types Magnetic Lens and Chambers of Electron Microscopes-MagneticPropertiesofLensSteelandSimulationofLayoutMagneticField Martin Marek, Regina Holčáková, Aleš Folvarčný, Petr Urbánek, Ladislav Jelen VectorPulse-WidthModulationforVoltageSourceInverterUsingArtificialNeuralNetwork Pavel Brandštetter, Martin Kuchař, Petr Šimoník Vyšetřovánímagnetickýchpolívokolíjízdníkolejnicestejnosměrnévozby Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of Rail DC Electric Railways Tomáš Kotrle, Petr Kačor, Josef Paleček Vyšetřovánímagnetickéhopolevokolíjízdníkolejnicejednofázovévozby Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of Rail AC Electric Railways Marcela Machová, Martin Marek, Václav Kolář Public Lighting Part Measurement for Night Sky Glare increasing Before andafterswitchingoffbigarea(liberecdistrictintheczechrepublic) Tomáš Novák, Karel Sokanský, František Dostál xvii

14 ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING 2010 The Impact of FACTS Devices to Control the Load Flow Stanislav Kušnír 1), ubomír Be a 2), Michal Kolcun 3) FEI TU of Košice, Department of Electric Power System, Mäsiarska 74, Košice, 1) tel: , Stanislav.Kusnir@tuke.sk, 2) tel: , Lubomir.Bena@tuke.sk, 3) tel: , Michal.Kolcun@tuke.sk ABSTRACT Opening of the electricity market brought number of problems that force transmission system operators to use new equipments. These devices allow us to divide load flow among distribution lines. The article deals with a brief summary of knowledge of the load flows regulation in the electric power system. Based on the results of calculations on a model network, special equipments used to regulate power flows were analyzed. Keywords: Power flow, FACTS devices, Unified Power Flow Controller 1 INTRODUCTION The problem of regulation of load flow the power system is currently becoming more and more discuss among professionals. Opening of an electricity market brought a much of advantages, but on the other hand, also much of drawbacks. Since commercially negotiated power flows are significantly different from the actual flows of trade laws and do not exceed the laws of physics, the question arises how to bring near these laws. As a result, of electricity trading has been increasing interstate transfers, often because of what some of the lines to the state, which are surcharge, while others are not fully utilized. With reference to the market liberalization in the power industry, the actual tendencies of the electric power systems operation have the following character: Increasing capacities of the electric energy international exchanges in term of exportation from the sources, as well as in term of powers transit, increasing operating exploitation of the transmission elements, mainly international lines of interconnected electric power systems. This advanced form of the using of elements causes less reserves in case of the line surcharge. In background, the international lines were used mainly to increase the operation electric power system dependability in given area. Nowadays is overrides big business using, at what networks and their interconnections were not conceptually constructed, increasing differences between physical and business electric energy flows with the negative consequence to loss. These differences are still more expanding in last years, it exists relatively big unstableness and time changes of the transmission size. These processes are not possible to well predict, the networks operation is often adapted (by nonstandard solutions too) to the business events, on these conditions, in any cases during the operation are beginning to detect networks bottlenecks, which can be limiting factor for the desired business changes. Sequentially, these situations can to cause the risk of the fail and breaking of the electric energy supply in areas. The classic solution of the networks development (networks bottlenecks elimination), relative with the reinforcing and building of the new lines, is no wear as sufficient and quick in continuity with the problems to obtain of the new corridors and in connection with environmental problems. Therefore, often sought the ways, which could to enable at least regionally affect the negative functioning of therein before present processes for the transmission networks operation. One of the decision distributive companies into the future is production of renewable for each household. Such production may result in rotation of direction load flow. Actual situation is possible to change and load flow will not from the transmission system to distribution, but on the contrary. To arrive to effective operation of lines and prevent congestion interstate lines we can use devices designed to power flows control. One of the practically usable devices, which can be used to electric power system control in interconnected power systems are flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS). 2 FACTS Flexible electric transmission systems belong to progressive technologies in electro-energetic. FACTS devices are used to optimize already the existing transmission lines. These devices have been developed by Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the 80s. 99

15 FACTS device are: Serial Controllers: Static Synchronous Series Compensator SSSC, Interline Power Flow Controller IPFC, Thyristor Controlled Capacitor TCSC, Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor TSSC, Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor TCSR, Thyristor Switched Series Reactor TSSR Parallel Controllers: Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM, Static Synchronous Generator SSG, Static Var Compensator SVC, Thyristor Controlled Reactor TCR, Thyristor Switched Reactor TSR, Thyristor Switched Capacitor TSC, Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor TCBR Serial - serial controllers Series - parallel controllers: Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC, Unified Controller Phase Shifting Transformer TCPST, Interphase Power Controller IPC This paper is aimed at Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC. 2.1 Construction of UPFC Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling of the impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and dynamic operation of the power system. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the three phases UPFC connected to the transmission line. The UPFC consists of two voltage source converters; series and shunt converter, which are connected to each other with a common DC link. Series converter (Converter 2) or Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is used to add controlled voltage magnitude and phase angle in series with the line, while shunt converter (Converter 1) or Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used to provide reactive power to the AC system, beside that, it will provide the DC power required for both inverter. Each of the branches consists of a transformer and power electronic converter. These two voltage source converters shared a common DC capacitor. The reactive power in the shunt or series converter can be chosen independently, giving greater flexibility to the power flow control. The coupling transformer is used to connect the device to the system [2]. Fig. 1 Schematic diagram UPFC connected to a transmission line Fig. 2 Phasor diagram of voltage and current The equation for the active and reactive power is given as follow: V1. V2 P12.sin (W; V, V, -, ) (1) X 12 V1. V2 Q 12. cos 1 (var; V, V, -, ) X 12 Control of power flow is achieved by adding the series voltage, V S with certain amplitude, V S and phase shift, to V 1. This will give a new line voltage V 2 with different magnitude and phase shift. As the angle varies, the phase shift between V 2 and V 3 also varies. [4] 2.2 Newton Raphson Method Simulation performed by using of the Extended Newton- Raphson method should be used in: Symmetrical transmission networks Area/Zone control FACTS elements/hvdc Switched shunts Remote controls and special controls Direct current networks The Extended Newton-Raphson method is basically the same as the normal Newton-Raphson method. In large-scale power flow studies the Newton Raphson method has proved most successful owing to its strong convergence characteristics (Peterson and Scott Meyer, 1971; Tinney and Hart, 1967). The Newton-Raphson method proceeds from the error equation for the network node i. S i Pi j Qi U i. n k 1 ik k (2). Y. U (VA; W, var, V, S,V) (3) The complex voltages U k have to be find such the error S i becomes zero. P i and Q i are the predefined active and reactive power. Y ik is an element of the Y-matrix of the i-th row and k-th column. The solution of error equation consists of three steps: Calculation of the power mismatch with the help of the voltages of every node. Calculation of the voltage variations for every node with the Jacobian.matrix J. Calculation of the node voltages. n (4) i 1 S i 100

16 3 SIMULATION MODEL Standard 14 bus test network is tested with and without UPFC inserted into two areas (13,8 kv and 69 kv) to analyze parameters (power flows and voltages) in this network. The power control in UPFC_1 causes the change of the nodal voltages in the network; see Tab. 2 and Tab. 3. Tab. 2 Voltage and power values without UPFC Tab. 3 P=5MW, Q=8.09Mvar set on UPFC_1 Fig nodes network 3.1 UPFC_1 in Area 13.8kV Tab. 1 shows the power flows on the lines of tested network for various values of active power flow, setting in UPFC_1. The reactive power flow of UPFC_1 is setting as constant. The UPFC_1 inserted into area 13,8 kv affects on the power flows mainly in this area. The change of power flows in area 69 kv is small. The values of the nodal voltages are in the range of limit up to setting of active power 30 MW in UPFC_1. The overrunning of the P = 30 MW and Q= 8,09 Mvar causes decreasing of the nodal voltage under the allowed value in BUS_11. Tab. 1 Power Flows 101

17 Tab. 4 P=30MW, Q=8.09Mvar set on UPFC_1 Tab. 6 P=140MW, Q=0.83Mvar set on UPFC_2 The increasing of the reactive power on the 10 Mvar in UPFC_1 ensures allowed value of the nodal voltage of BUS_11. Tab. 5 P=30MW, Q=10Mvar set on UPFC_1 The increasing of the reactive power on the Q= -10 Mvar in UPFC_2 ensures allowed value of the nodal voltage of BUS_2 and BUS_6. Tab. 7 P=140MW, Q=-10Mvar set on UPFC_2 The change of the power flow on the UPFC_1 causes the increasing of the active power losses in the network, see Fig. 4. The change of the power flow on the UPFC_2 causes the increasing of the active power losses in the network, see Fig. 5 Fig. 5 Losses according to P set to UPFC_2 Fig. 4 Losses according to P set to UPFC_1 3.2 UPFC_2 in Area 69kV The reactive power flow of UPFC_2 is setting as constant. The UPFC_2 inserted into area 69 kv affects on the power flows mainly in this area. The change of power flows in area 13,8 kv is small. The power control in UPFC_2 causes the change of the nodal voltages in the network; see Tab. 6 and Tab CONCLUSION UPFC belongs to the most integrated devices of the FACTS devices group. It is possible to use these devices for the independed active and reactive power flows controlling. Its utilization in the electric power system control corresponds to their technical and economic demand. Currently, the investment cost not allows the mass installation of UPFC to the electric power system. The market of FACTS equipments for load-flow control is expected to develop faster in the future, as a result of the liberalization and deregulation in the power industry. The main benefits of the FACTS devices are: increasing of the transmission capacity of the current lines, active and reactive power flow controlling, increasing of the limits of static and dynamic stability and voltage quality. Because of the compactness and modularity of the FACTS, these devices allow simply expansion according to the demands. 102

18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under the contract No. 1/0166/10 and by Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV and No. SK-BG REFERENCES [1] Ptá ek, J.: Regulace výkon v propojených elektriza ních soustavách. [Dizerta ná práca]. Brno : FEKT VUT v Brne. 201 s [2] Nashiren.F. Mailah, Senan M. Bashi: Single Phase Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Simulation and Construction. European Journal of Scientific Research. [online]. ISSN X. Vol.30 No.4 (2009), pp [Cited on March 15, 2010]. Access: [3] Rusnák, J.: Použitie nových prostriedkov v riadení prevádzky elektriza nej sústavy. In: Elektroenergetika 2003 zborník prednášok II. Medzinárodného vedeckého sympózia, Vydavate stvo: Smékal Publishing, 2003, ISBN X [4] Single Phase Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Simulation and Construction. [online]. Available on the Internet: < [5] Hingorani, G. N., Gyugyi, L.: Understanding FACTS. Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. New York : IEEE Press, s. ISBN [6] Power control by FACTS. [online]. Available on the Internet: %20Control%20By%20FACTS.pdf [7] Kolcun, Michal: Trans European interconnected systems. In: Technical and economic aspect of modern technology transfer in context of integration with European union. Košice: Mercury-Smékal Publishing House, pp ISBN