BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE HORIZONS

ACTA MUSEI REGINAEHRADECENSIS S. A., 30 (2004): 5-14 ISBN: 80-85031-53-1 Selected important fossiliferous horizons of the Boskovice Basin in the light of the new zoopaleontological data Nûkteré dûleïité fosiliferní horizonty boskovické brázdy ve svûtle nov ch zoopaleontologick ch v zkumû Jaroslav Zajíc 1 & Stanislav tamberg 2 1 Institute of Geology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic, e-mail: zajic@gli.cas.cz 2 Regional Museum of Eastern Bohemia, Eli ãino nábfieïí 465, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, e-mail: s.stamberg@muzeumhk.cz Abstract:The correlation of a few fossiliferous horizons of the Boskovice Basin is very difficult for the moving of the sedimentation from the south to the north and postsedimentation tectonic deformation and breaking of the sedimentary filling to numerous pieces. Six Formations of the Boskovice Basin are characterize on the basis of new zoopaleontological data and the correlation of important fossiliferous horizons namely of the northern region is presented. The substantial part is focused on the localities and fauna studied in the last a few years. Key words: zoopaleontology, Lower Permian, Boskovice Basin. INTRODUCTION The sediments of the Boskovice Basin have been the object of interest to numerous palaeontologists already from the middle of nineteen century. The palaeontological research proceeded in several periods. We record the first period in the second half of 19th century. It is the time of discovering of first amphibians and actinopterygians in the middle and southern regions of Boskovice Basin (MAKOWSKY 1876, RZEHAK 1881). Prof. J. Augusta is a representative of the second period in the twentieth and thirties last century. He discovered several new palaeontological sites also in the northern region and collected numerous fauna and flora. The most intensive palaeontological excavations proceeded in the fifties and sixties in the northern region of Boskovice Basin. The main object of interest have been discosauriscids which have been studied by Z. pinar and new finds of insects studied by J. Kukalová. The last period of the research of Boskovice Basin begun at eighties of the last century and still continue. The widespread excavation is proceeded by the staff of the Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové in the northern region in the vicinity of Letovice and in southern region near by the village Neslovice. The complete references concerning paleontology of the Boskovice Basin have been presented ZAJÍC (1997) and recently IVANOV (2003). This paper bring in the first chapter biostratigraphy and correlation of important fossiliferous horizons and survey of fauna of the Boskovice Basin. The second part is focused on the localities and fauna studied in the last few years. The research of the important horizons of the Boskovice Basin has been object of the Grant Project No 227/2001/B-Geo/PfiF Reconstruction of the changes of environment and late variscan development of the eastern region of Bohemian Massif: sedimentary and palaeontological record of the Boskovice Basin and the acquired results are the subject of this report. Some special study was also supported by the grant project of the Czech Science Foundation (GAâR 206/00/0942 Permian acanthodians of the Czech Republic ) and the grant project of the Czech Science Foundation (GAâR 205/04/0941 Actinopterygian fishes from the Lower Permian of Boskovice Furrow ). Material collected in the course of the Grant Projects and preceeding field works come to 2000 specimens of acanthodians, actinopterygians and amphibians is deposited in the collection of Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové. The numerous collections of amhibia studied by J. Klembara are deposited in the collection of National Museum at Bratislava and on the Faculty of Natural Sciences Commenius University at Bratislava. Acanthodii are studied by J. Zajíc from the Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Prague and Actinopterygii by S. tamberg from Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové. The specimens figured on figs. 3 8 are deposited in the collection in Museum of Eastern Bohemia at Hradec Králové and they are marked with abbreviation MHK. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE HORIZONS Fossil fauna is known from all regions (from south to north: Moravsk Krumlov, Rosice-Oslavany, Veverská Bít ka, Malá Lhota, and Letovice) of the Boskovice Basin excepted the terminal ones (Miroslav in the south and Jevíãko in the north). However, fauna is also known from the detached southernmost segment near Zöbing in Austria (VASICEK & STEININGER 1996; SCHINDLER & HAMPE 1996). Sediments of the Boskovice Basin are tectonically affected so the originally continuous units are therefore broken up into the smaller blocks. The correlation of numerous separate fossiliferous horizons is more- 5

over complicated by the gradual moving of the sedimentation from south to north. The fauna bearing localities are, however, in some cases not possible positively sorted into an existing horizon. The following six stages were erected on the basis of geographic and biostratigraphic position: 1) The Rosice-Oslavany Formation Formation is based on flora because the index fossils of the presumable Sphaerolepis-Elonichthys biozone were not found. The rare remains of Edaphosaurus (Oslavany, coal from the dump of the Kukla mine; PRANTL 1943) and one insect wing of the genus Anthracoblattina (Oslavany, coal seam on the left bank of the river Oslava; SCHNEIDER 1983) were still discovered regardless of trace fossils. This stage occurs only in the Rosice-Oslavany region. 2) The Padochov Formation The Padochov Formation belongs to the lower part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone (the nominal taxon is rather common). The Zb ov and íãany Horizons are not distinguishable according to faunal content. Both horizons contain abundant nominal acanthodians Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848). Characteristic species of the biozone is also shark. Tiny teeth of this small piscivorous predator had typically shaped lateral cusps. Teeth of Bohemiacanthus carinatus (Fritsch, 1890) were determined from the Zb ov Horizon (ZAJÍC 1996; ZAJÍC, MARTÍNEK, IMÒNEK & DRÁBKOVÁ 1996). íãany Horizon belongs to the Spiloblattina weissigensis biozone (based on insects) because not only the nominal taxon but also two important accompanying species (Moravamylacris ricanyensis Schneider, 1890 and Opsimylacris procera Haupt, 1952) were found here. This biozone approximately corresponds to the middle phase of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone. The same biozone is known from the Lower Goldlauterer Member of the Thüringer Wald or from the Maroon Formation in Colorado. SCHNEIDER (1982) parallelized the Spiloblattina weissigensis biozone with the Sysciophlebia balteana biozone that is known both from the Lower Goldlauterer Member of the Thüringer Wald and the Cassvill Shales (Dunkard Group) of West Virginia.Vertebrates of the Zb ov Horizon are mostly fragmentary and affected by hair cracks. The new aeduellid actinopterygian is, however, known only from the íãany Horizon up to date. Similar faunal assemblage comes from the Rudník Horizon in the Krkono e Piedmont Basin. This stage is known from the Moravsk Krumlov, Rosice-Oslavany, and Veverská Bít ka regions. The following animal fossils are known: PELECYPODS - Anthraconaia remesi (Mrázek, 1948); A. thuringensis (Geinitz, 1864); Palaeanodonta castor Eichwald, 1861; P. compressa (Ludwig, 1863); P. posepnyi Stur, 1905; P. sophiae Schmidt, 1905; P. verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892). CONCHOSTRACANS - still undetermined pseudestheriids. INSECTS - Blattinopsis (Blattinopsis) angustai Kukalová, 1959; B. (B.) antoniana Kukalová, 1959; B. (B.) campestris Kukalová, 1965; B. (B.) latissima Kukalová, 1959; B. (B.) martynovae Kukalová, 1959; Blattinopsis sp.; Kashmiroblatta sp.; Moravamylacris ricanyensis Schneider, 1980; Moraviptera reticulata Kukalová, 1955; Opsimylacris cf. procera Haupt, 1952; Permoedischia moravica Kukalová, 1955; Phyloblatta cf. curvata (Sellards, 1908); P. dyadica (Geinitz, 1880); P. flabellata (Germar, 1842); P. moravica Stehlík, 1932; P. cf. praecurvata Schneider, 1984; Phyloblatta sp.; Poroblattina rotundata (Scudder, 1885); Spiloblattina weissigensis (Geinitz, 1873). ACANTHODIANS - Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848). SHARKS - Bohemiacanthus carinatus (Fritsch, 1890). ACTINOPTERYGIANS Aeduellidae ( TAMBERG 2003c). The species described by RZEHAK (1881) under new species names Palaeoniscas moravicus, P. katholitzkianus, P. promtus a P. sp. (aff. angustus) are considered as nomina nuda ( TAMBERG 1997). AMPHIBIANS branchiosaurs; Moraverpeton remesi Augusta, 1947;?Pelosaurus sp. 3) The Veverská Bít ka Formation Any fauna was not found yet. 4) The Lower Letovice Formation The Lower Letovice Formation belongs to the upper part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone (the nominal taxon is rather less frequent) was found in the Zbraslavec, Zbonûk-Svitávka, and Lubû Horizons. The superposition of the horizons is, however, still not validated. The Malá Lhota and Letovice regions yield fauna of this stage. The upper part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone is also affirmed by presence of insect species Sysciophlebia alligans (nominal taxon of the biozone; defined by SCHNEIDER (1982) from the Boskovice Basin), Opsimylacris svitaviensis Schneider, 1980 and Moravamylacris sp. Acanthodian remains are more rare here than in the lower part of the biozone. The fossiliferous equivalent was not found in the Krkono e Piedmont Basin up to date. The stratigraphically inapplicable fauna of the stage comes chiefly from the Kozinec Horizon in the Krkono e Piedmont Basin. The Kozinec Horizon yields pelecypods Palaeanodonta castor (Eichwald, 1861) and a tetrapod rib (still undescribed find). The exact boundary and relation between the Acanthodes gracilis and Xenacanthus decheni biozones are not known. An interdigitation of the biozones (in sense of the present definition) is more likely than the superposition. Shark remains are (contrary to the Rudník and Kalná Horizons of the Krkono e Piedmont Basin) extremely rare. The Zbraslavec, Zbonûk-Svitávka, and Lubû 6

Horizons are undistinguishable according their fauna as follows: PELECYPODS - Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892) CONCHOSTRACANS - Lioestheria extuberata (Jones & Woodward, 1899) INSECTS - Anthracoblattina spectabilis (Goldenberg, 1869); A. sp.; Kunguroblattina cf. elongata Vishniakova, 1965; Moravamylacris sp.; Opsimylacris svitaviensis Schneider, 1980; Phyloblatta cf. curvata (Sellards, 1908); P. disiuncta Schneider, 1984, P. dyadica (Geinitz, 1880); P. flabellata (Germar, 1842); P. gimmi Schneider, 1978, P. obliqua Schneider, 1984; P. praecurvata Schneider, 1984; P. sp.; Sysciophlebia alligans Schneider, 1982; Xenoblatta aff. curta (Sellards, 1908), X. deichmuelleri (Geinitz, 1880); X. ornatissima (Deichmüller, 1887) ACANTHODIANS - Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848); Acanthodes n. sp. (see ZAJÍC in press) SHARKS - Triodus cf. sessilis Jordan, 1849 ACTINOPTERYGIANS unidentified scales with sculpture suggests the genus Elonichthys. Anaglyphus insignis Rzehak, 1881 is considered to be nomen nudum ( TAM- BERG 1997) AMPHIBIANS - branchiosaurs 5) The Middle Letovice Formation The Xenacanthus decheni biozone was found in the Kochov, Míchov and Baãov Horizons of the Malá Lhota and Letovice regions. The local horizons are not recognizable on the basis of fauna and probably represent one unit or stratigraphic level. The age of the Xenacanthus decheni biozone is affirmed by presence of the nominal taxon and by accompanying occurrence of amphibians Discosauriscus. Discosauriscids are known in Czech Republic (the Boskovice Basin, the Intra-Sudetic Basin) only from this biozone. The insect species Sysciophlebia alligans evidently pass to the Xenacanthus decheni biozone. The Sysciophlebia alligans biozone thus persists from the upper part of the Acanthodes gracilis biozone to the lower part of the Xenacanthus decheni biozone. The Sysciophlebia alligans biozone is also documented by the accompanying species Opsimylacris svitaviensis Schneider, 1980 and Moravamylacris sp. However, the important accompanying species Xenoblatta ornatissima (Deichmüller, 1887), Sysciophlebia n. sp. and Spiloblattina odernheimensis Schneider, 1982 was discovered. Both latter mentioned biozones are of similar extent (SCHNEIDER 1982) and come from the Odernheim Member of the Saar-Nahe Basin. This stage is possible to correlate with the Upper Proseãné Formation in the Krkono e Piedmont Basin and with the Upper Olivûtín Member in the Intra-Sudetic Basin. Following fauna was found: PELECYPODS - anthracosiids CONCHOSTRACANS - Lioestheria lallyensis (Depéret & Mazeran, 1912) INSECTS - Alexahymen maruska Kukalová-Peck, 1972; Anthracoblattina spectabilis (Goldenberg, 1869); Apachelytron transversum Carpenter & Kukalová, 1964; Blania falsa Kukalová, 1964; B. oviformis Kukalová, 1964; B. rotunda Kukalová, 1964; Boscoleus blandus Kukalová, 1969; Brnia raketa Kukalová, 1964; Cerasopterum extendum Kukalová, 1964; C. gracile Kukalová, 1964; C. longum Kukalová, 1964; C. oborianum Kukalová, 1964; C. subtile Kukalová, 1964; Chlumia obesa Kukalová, 1964; C. parva Kukalová, 1964; Crasselytron convexum Kukalová, 1965; Cymbopsis excelsa Kukalová, 1965; Delopterum lepidum Kukalová, 1963; D. sinuosum Kukalová, 1963; D. truncatum Kukalová, 1963; Depressopterum fragile Kukalová, 1964; D. mancum Kukalová, 1964; D. senior Kukalová, 1964; Diapha candida Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Donopterum carpenteri Kukalová, 1964; D. nocturnum Kukalová, 1964; Doubravia annosa Kukalová, 1964; Drahania avia Kukalová, 1964; Elmodiapha ovata Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Eocoleus scaber Kukalová, 1969; Epimastax celer Kukalová, 1965; Fumopterum largum Kukalová, 1964; Glabelytron lativenosum Kukalová, 1965; Glaphyrophelibia clava Kukalová, 1965; Havlatia annae Kukalová, 1964; Jablonia aestiva Kukalová, 1964; Kunguroblattina cf. elongata Vishniakova, 1965; Liberocoleus intactus Kukalová, 1969; Lioma moravica Kukalová, 1964; Maculopterum maculatum Kukalová, 1964; Microptysmella moravica Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Miomatoneura angusta Kukalová, 1963; Miomatoneurella boskovicensis Kukalová, 1963; M. candida Kukalová, 1963; M. palaeozoica Kukalová, 1963; M. permica Kukalová, 1963; Monsteropterum moravicum Kukalová-Peck, 1972; Moravamylacris kukalovae Schneider, 1980; Moravia convergens Kukalová, 1964; Moravochorista carolina Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Moravocoleus fractus Kukalová, 1969; M. neglegens Kukalová, 1969; M. perditus Kukalová, 1969; M. permianus Kukalová, 1969; Moravohymen vitreus Kukalová-Peck, 1972; Oborella inexpectata Kukalová, 1964; O. matura Kukalová, 1964; O. rusticana Kukalová, 1964; Oboria longa Kukalová, 1960; Oborocoleus rohdendorfi Kukalová, 1969; Opsimylacris cf. svitaviensis Schneider, 1980; Ortelytron artum Kukalová, 1965; O. europaeum Kukalová, 1965; Paradiapha delicatula Kukalová-Peck, 1974;?Permodelopterum lepidum Kukalová, 1963; P. lumbriformis Kukalová, 1963; P. obscurum Kukalová, 1963; Permodiapha carpenteri Kukalová-Peck, 1974; P. lata Kukalová-Peck, 1974; P. specula Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Permonia arta Kukalová, 1963; P. insolida Kukalová, 1963; P. permoni Kukalová, 1963; Permonikia permoniki Kukalová, 1963; Permula aera Kukalová, 1964;?Perunopterum corium Kukalová, 1963; P. macrum Kukalová, 1963; P. mirum Kukalová, 1963; P. peruni Kukalová, 1963; P. saxeum Kukalová, 1963; Phyloblatta compacta (Sellards, 1908); P. compactiformis Schneider, 1984; P. curvata (Sellards, 1908); P. deserta Schneider, 1984; P. disiuncta Schneider, 1984; P. obliqua Schneider, 1984; P. praecompacta Schneider, 1984; P. praecurvata Schneider, 1984; Planelytron planum Kukalová, 1965; Prospe- 7

rocoleus prosperus Kukalová, 1969; Protodiapha lineata Kukalová-Peck, 1974; P. maculifera Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Protereisma sp.; Pseudomerope gallei Kukalová- Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. havlati Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. mareki Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; P. oborana Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Pseudomeropella nekvasilovae Kukalová- Peck & Willmann, 1990; Quercopterum decussatum Kukalová, 1964; Retelytron conopeum Kukalová, 1965; Rugelytron fuscum Kukalová, 1965; Sharovipterum alatum Kukalová, 1964; Skalicia rara Kukalová, 1964; Spargoptilon confertus Kukalová, 1965; S. latericius Kukalová, 1965; Stenodiapha angusta Kukalová-Peck, 1974; S. moravica Kukalová-Peck, 1974; Stenomerope spinari Kukalová-Peck & Willmann, 1990; Subiobaltta sp.; Sysciophlebia alligans Schneider, 1982; Torrentopterum pallidum Kukalová, 1964; Turbopterum finum Kukalová, 1964; Tyrannopterum minimum Kukalová, 1964; Umoricoleus perplex Kukalová, 1969; Venelytron tuberculatum Kukalová, 1965; Ventopterum rapidum Kukalová, 1964; Villopterum proximum Kukalová, 1964; V. villosum Kukalová, 1964; Votocoleus submissus Kukalová, 1969; Xenoblatta curta (Sellards, 1908); X. cf. deichmuelleri (Geinitz, 1880); X. ornatissima (Deichmüller, 1887); Zephyropterum lentum Kukalová, 1964; undescribed taxa of asthenohymenids, caloneurodeids, coleopters, glosselytrods, homopterids, martynoviids, mayfly nymphs, mecopters, meganeurids, neuropters, orthopters, phyloblattids, psocopters, syntonopteroids, and trichopters SHARKS - Xenacanthus decheni (Goldfuss, 1847) ACTINOPTERYGIANS Bourbonella sp., Paramblypterus sp. AMPHIBIANS - Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876), D. pulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879); eryopoids, and?loxommatoids. 6) The Upper Member of the Letovice Formation Any fauna was not found yet. Grouping of the horizons with help of the local biozones (ZAJÍC 2000, 2004) is suggested in Fig. 1. The suggested correlation between the Boskovice Basin and the Krkono e Piedmont Basin is shown in Fig. 2. Formation Member Horizon Biozone (ZAJÍC 2000, in press a) Upper = Sudice? Letovice Middle Baãov, Míchov, Xenacanthus decheni Kochov Lower Lubû Zbonûk-Svitávka Zbraslavec Veverská Chudãice Acanthodes gracilis Bít ka Padochov Rosice-Oslavany íãany Zb ov Sphaerolepis-Elonichthys Fig. 1. The Stratigraphic chart of the Boskovice Basin (based on PE EK & al. 2001 and JARO, unpublished data). The Baãov, Míchov, and Kochov Horizons probably represent one unit or stratigraphic level. According to ZAJÍC (2004). Obr. 1. Stratigrafická tabulka boskovické brázdy (podle PE KA & al. 2001 a JARO E, nepublikované údaje). Horizonty baãovsk, míchovsk a kochovsk pravdûpodobnû reprezentují pouze jednu stratigrafickou polohu. Podle ZAJÍCE (2004). RECENTLY STUDIED LOCALITIES AND FAUNA The localities of the Padochov Formation Moravsk Krumlov Za lesním závodem (Behind the wood company) The greyish black organic rich clayey carbonates of the Zb ov Horizon overlie the Rokytná conglomerates and form the little outcrop at the wooded hillside. Just two bad preserved xenacanth teeth were discovered here. Oslavany Lev bfieh Oslavy (Left bank of the river Oslava) The outcrop along the river bank comprises sediments about 600 m thick. The Zb ov Horizon is, however, the only fossiliferous unit with fauna. One small fragment of the insect wing (Blattodea indet.) was found. On the other hand, conchostracans of the pseudestheriid type are common. They often occur wholesale on the bedding surfaces as evidence of seasonal eutrophications. The individual carapaces are mostly poorly preserved, often as glossy patches or grey shadows. Tiny teeth of Bohemiacanthus carinatus represent xenacanthid sharks that means small piscivorous predators. Acanthodian remains (scales, fin spines, pectoral girdles, body fragments) are determinable as Acanthodes sp. Actinopterygian fishes are represented by indeterminable scales and fulcra. Padochov V kop pro plynovod (Excavation for the gas pipeline) Fauna was found only in the Zb ov Horizon (ZAJÍC, MARTÍNEK, IMÒNEK & DRÁBKOVÁ 1996) in the Lower Horizon of the bituminous marlstones. The strong Krkono e Piedmont Basin Boskovice Basin Chotûvice F. Upper Proseãné F. Upper Middle Letovice F. Lower Lower Vrchlabí F. Upper Veverská Bít ka F. Lower Padochov F. Fig. 2. The proposed correlation between the Boskovice Basin and the Krkono e Piedmont Basin (based on ZAJÍC 2002). Obr. 2. Pfiedpokládaná korelace vrstev boskovické brázdy a podkrkono ské pánve (sestaveno na základû ZAJÍCE 2002). 8

pressure impact is documented by tiny dislocations and carbonate veins both in macroremains and ichthyoliths. The indeterminable pseudestheriid conchostracans are poorly preserved. Acanthodian remains (Acanthodes gracilis and Acanthodes sp.) dominate among vertebrates. They are mostly fragmentary and affected by hair cracks. However, their preservation is often excellent. Delicate structures as gill arches or labyrinths are occasionally preserved. Xenacanthid sharks are represented by stratigraphically important (the Acanthodes gracilis biozone) species Bohemiacanthus carinatus. The smooth body and fulcral scales belong to indeterminable actinopterygian fishes. Neslovice Rybiãková skála 1 (Fish rock 1) The íãany Horizon. Initial, now protected impressive outcrop of the Lower Permian strata along the left bank of the Neslovice stream. The fossiliferous 60 cm thick layer of claystone close to the bottom of the outcrop contains numerous actinopterygians of the family Aeduellidae and also one wing of insect tentatively distinguished as Blattinopsis cf. martynovae was discovered. Underlying durable greyish black claystone rarely contain isolated spines of Acanthodes. The layers on the locality Fish rock are ranged on the basis of the occurence of Blattinopsis cf. martynovae to the íãany Horizon. Fig. 3. Claystones with numerous specimens of actinopterygian fishes of the family Aeduellidae from the locality Fish rock 2 near Neslovice (Padochov Formation). MHK 64351, x 1.0 Obr. 3. Jílovce s ãetn mi jedinci paprskoploutv ch ryb ãeledi Aeduellidae z lokality Rybiãková skála 2 u Neslovic (Padochovské souvrství). MHK 64351, x 1,0 Neslovice Rybiãková skála 2 (Fish rock 2) The íãany Horizon. This outcrop is continuation of the cosequence of layers from the Fish rock 1. It is 300 metres southwards to the Fish rock 1. The large exposure of the 60 cm thick layer of claystone with actinopterygians makes possible acquire more than 400 specimens of these fish (Fig. 3). They all belong to the familly Aeduellidae. Some parts of the layer are enriched in specimens of actinopterygians and there are also more than 5 specimens in one square decimetre. The specimens are relatively small, usually from 6 to 10 cm of the total length, very fragmentary, but the features of the familly Aeduellidae (shape of the maxillary, type of opercular apparatus) are clearly distinguishable. This species of actinopterygians is unknow from other permocarboniferous basins. The localities of the Lower Letovice Formation âerná Hora Záfiez nedostavûné dálnice (Uncompleted motorway cut) The Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. The unpublished set of specimens was collected by pinar in 1954 and contains acanthodians Acanthodes gracilis and Acanthodes sp. Kladoruby Dolní Pepfiík Probably the Lubû or Svitávka Horizon. Outcrop with various types of claystones, sandstones and carbonates. The acanthodians with the genus Acanthodes are very abundant. The Discosauriscidae with genus Discosauriscus and Actinopterygii are on other hand very rare. Actinopterygii has features with close resemblance to the family Elonichthyidae. The Amblypteridae are completely missing on the contrary. One fragment of a xenacanthid shark is known. Locality Kladoruby Dolní Pepfiík is quite new ( TAMBERG 2003b) and up to now research works indicate the differencies from the fossiliferous horizons outcropping in the vicinity of Kladoruby, Drválovice, Kochov and Baãov. On the basis of the type of fauna is older and probably belongs to the Svitávka or Lubû Horizons. The consequence of layers and fauna is different to horizons on the above mentioned localities. Discosauriscid amphibians, very abundant in the carbonate layer of Baãov Horizon, are limited in the Kladoruby Dolní Pepfiík to the layer of yellowish-spotted claystone in the bottom part of the outcrop. Their occurence is very rare and specimens are small, not exceeding 15 cm of the total length. The actinopterygians are also very rare and they are represented by isolated scales and badly preserved fragments of the bodies. The scales are conspi- 9

Fig. 4. Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848) from the locality Kladoruby Dolní pepfiík (Lubû or Svitávka Horizon, Lower Letovice Formation). MHK 70583, x 1.5 Obr. 4. Acanthodes gracilis (Beyrich, 1848) z lokality Kladoruby Dolní pepfiík (lubsk nebo svitáveck horizont, spodní letovické souvrství) MHK 70583, x 1,5 cuously sculptured with ridges and the type of sculpture suggest the type of sculpture of Elonichthys, but not any solid study has been done to this time. The genus Paramblypterus, which is very abundant on other localities of the northern region of Boskovice Basin or members of the family Aeduellidae are absolutely missing. The cardial feature of this outcrop is abundant occurrence of acanthodians (Fig. 4). The most numerous findings are represented by Acanthodes gracilis. However, the holotype and two paratypes of the new species Acanthodes n. sp. are now investigated (ZAJÍC in press). Fossiliferous claystones deposit probably in somewhat different environment than the carbonate layer and fish beds of the Baãov Horizon. The abundant ferns and gymnosperms occur in the locality. Some fans of leaves are of about 50 cm long. This feature together with rare of acti- Fig. 5. Shell of pelecypod Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892) from the locality Zbonûk (Svitávka Horizon, Lower Letovice Formation). MHK 70581, x 5.2 Obr. 5. Otisk schránky mlïe Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892) z lokality Zbonûk (svitáveck horizont, spodní letovické souvrství). MHK 70581, x 5,2 10 nopterygians assumed the contiguity of lakeshore. Svitávka The Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. The problematic opistostoma of a spider and one fragment of the blattodean insect wing were found during the grant excavation. Zbonûk The Zbonûk-Svitávka Horizon. Numerous shells of pelecypods Palaeanodonta verneuili (Amalitzky, 1892) in grey-green siltstone (Fig. 5). Zbraslavec The Zbraslavec Horizon. The unpublished set of acanthodians Acanthodes gracilis and the big tetrapod was collected by Havlata and fellows in 1969.

The localities of the Middle Letovice Formation Drválovice Vûtrn ml n (Windmill) Occurence of the discosauriscid amphibians Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) and Discosauriscus pulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879), actinopterygians of the family Amblypteridae, namely genus Paramblypterus of several species, not described as yet. The marker fossiliferous horizon is 26 cm thick bed of limestone with amount of discosauriscids and less numerous actinopterygians and overlying stratum of claystone 25 cm thick with numerous actinopterygians. Original outcrop described already AUGUSTA (1926) and later PINAR (1952). The extensive excavation was made recently on the occasion of construction of a water pipe in the village Drválovice. A quantity of well-preserved plants, actinopterygians and discosauriscids were collected. Differences in chemical composition of the fossils and the ambient rock permits etching of skeletons of discosauriscids and amphibians. Perfectly preserved and well prepared skeletons became the basis for the anatomical studies (KLEMBARA & MEZSÁRO 1992, TAMBERG 1997, 2003c). Kochov Horka The Kochov Horizon. Abundant amhibians of the family Discosauriscidae (Discosauriscus austriacus, Discosauriscus pulcherrimus), actinopterygians (Fig. 6) of the family Amblypteridae (genus Paramblypterus), rare fargments of xenacanthid elasmobranchians (genus Xenacanthus). The excavations made in the end of last century (KLEMBARA & MEZSÁRO 1992, TAMBERG 1997) confirmed essentially the association of the fauna as previous excavations of PINAR (1952), AUGUSTA & POKORN (1951) and ZÍDEK (1966). Kochov V lese (In the wood) The Kochov Horizon. The equal fauna as on the locality Kochov Horka. Kochov V potocích (In the streams) The Kochov Horizon. Abundant amhibians of the family Discosauriscidae (Discosauriscus austriacus, Discosauriscus pulcherrimus and other as not yet determinated species (KLEMBARA 1997, KLEMBARA & BARTÍK 2000)), actinopterygians of the family Amblypteridae and Aeduellidae (genus Paramblypterus, Bourbonella and other as not yet determinated species ( TAMBERG 2003a, b)). Bad preserved, but sometimes abundant pseudestheriid conchostracans were found on the bedding surfaces of some layers. The seasonal eutrophications of the lake waters are probably the reason of this phenomenon. The mass extinction of the vertebrates could by also explain this way as consequence of an intoxication. The Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové has been conducting research on the locality Kochov V potocích since 1994. Abundance and distribution of fossils in the fossiliferous horizon have been follow on the area 15 x 4 metres. One square metre of limestone conta- Fig. 6. Carbonate with the actinopterygian fish Paramblypterus and two skull of amphibian Discosauriscus from the lokality Kochov Horka (Kochov Horizon of the Middle Letovice Formation). MHK 10936, x 1.0 Obr. 6. Karbonát s aktinopterygijní rybou rodu Paramblypterus a dvûma lebkami obojïivelníkû rodu Discosauriscus z lokality Kochov Horka (kochovsk obzor, stfiední letovické souvrství). MHK 10936, x 1,0 11

Fig. 7. Claystone with two specimens of genus Paramblypterus from the locality Kochov In the streams (Kochov Horizon of the Middle Letovice Formation). MHK 70584, x 0.5 Obr. 7. Jílovec s dvûmi jedinci rodu Paramblypterus z lokality Kochov V potocích (kochovsk obzor, stfiední letovické souvrství). MHK 70584, x 0,5 Fig. 8. Skeleton of the amphibian Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) partly etched from the carbonate from the locality Kochov In the streams. MHK 70578, x 0.7. All photos S. tamberg Obr. 8. Kostra obojïivelníka Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) ãásteãnû vyleptaná z karbonátu z lokality Kochov V potocích. MHK 70578, x 0,7. V echny fotografie S. tamberg ins on average 15 actinopterygians of the genus Paramblypterus (Fig. 7) and 125 juvenile amphibians of the genus Discosauriscus (Fig. 8). Similar results as regards of the abundance of fauna, faunistical association and stratigraphy have been obtained on several localities, namely Baãov Na skalkách, Drválovice Vûtrn ml n, Kochov Horka, Kochov V lese. The results of the present studies lead to conviction of correlation of Baãov, Míchov and Kochov Horizons to one only. Letovice Jindfiichov HAVLENA & PINAR (1956) described pseudestheriids, spines of acanthodians and rare scales of actinopterygians in red limestone. Obora The two main fossiliferous horizons are necessary to distinguish on the locality Obora. The bottom one of claystone famous for rich asseblage of insect already formerly described in several papers of Kukalová. Besides the insect pseudestheriids conchostracans Lioestheria lallyensis Depéret & Mazeran, 1912 also occurs in this bed. The topmost layer of light-yellow carbonates contains actinopterygians of the genus Paramblypterus and amhibians of the genus Discosauriscus. The nominal taxon of biozone (Xenacanthus decheni) has been described from this locality already former (ZÍDEK 1966). The poorly preserved skull (17 mm long) of an eryopoid was excavated and described recently by DOSTÁL (2003). Lower vertebrates association and their distribution in the bed point to correlation of this horizon with ones on the localities Drválovice Vûtrn ml n, Kochov V potocích and others. 12

SUMMARY Numerous fossiliferous horizons were described or named from the Boskovice Basin. Their correct correlation is, however, very complicated due to paleogeographic and tectonic development. The sedimentation gradually migrated from south to north and the sedimentary fill was subsequently pressed and broken up into the numerous smaller blocks. Six stratigraphic levels were established with help of zoopaleontological data: 1. The Rosice-Oslavany Formation 2. The Padochov Formation 3. The Veverská Bít ka Formation (fauna is not known) 4. The Lower Letovice Formation 5. The Middle Letovice Formation 6. The Upper Letovice Formation (fauna is not known) The Padochov Formation and the Lower and Middle Letovice Formation yielded new data concerning fossil fauna. The stratigraphically important taxa Acanthodes gracilis and Bohemiacanthus carinatus as well as the surprisingly numerous population of actinopterygians of the family Aeduellidae were detected in the Padochov Formation. The Lower Letovice Formation is distinguished in abundant occurrence of Acanthodes gracilis and in presence of the rare new species of the genus Acanthodes. This stratigraphic level was verified at the localities Zbraslavec, Letovice Jindfiichov, and Kladoruby Dolní Pepfiík. The Middle Letovice Formation was detected at some localities of the northern region of the Boskovice Basin around the town Letovice. The Baãov, Míchov, and Kochov Horizons are equivalents on the basis of faunal analysis and biostratigraphy. The faunal data that were investigated during the last years are discussed in detail. SOUHRN V permokarbonu boskovické brázdy je uvádûno velké mnoïství fosiliferních horizontû. Jejich správná korelace je v ak velmi ztíïena komplikovan m paleogeografick m a tektonick m v vojem boskovické brázdy. Sedimentace postupovala od jihu k severu a navíc byla sedimenmtární v plà brázdy pozdûji tektonicky postiïena a rozlámána na mnoïství men ích blokû. Na základû zoopaleontologick ch údajû bylo stanoveno est stratigrafick ch úrovní: 1. Rosicko-oslavanské souvrství 2. Padochovské souvrství 3. Veversko-bit ské souvrství (fauna není známa) 4. Spodní letovické souvrství 5. Stfiední letovické souvrství 6. Svrchní letovické souvrství (fauna není známa) Nové údaje t kající se fauny byly získány z padochovského souvrství a ze spodního a stfiedního letovického souvrství. V padochovském souvrství byla dokázána pfiítomnost stratigraficky dûleïit ch taxonû Acanthodes gracilis a Bohemiacanthus carinatus a rovnûï byla objevena velice poãetná polulace aktinopterygií ãeledi Aeduellidae. Spodní letovické souvrství se vyznaãuje hojn m v skytem Acanthodes gracilis a byl objeven vzácnû se vyskytující nov druh rodu Acanthodes. Stejná stratigrafická úroveà byla dle fauny ovûfiena na lokalitách Zbraslavec, Letovice - Jindfiichov a Kladoruby Dolní Pepfiík. 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