ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ VĚDECKÁ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOGII

ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ VĚDECKÁ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOG ; r j q A /m / ACADEMA/PRAA LSTO PA D 1979 SSN 0009.0476

ČESKA MYKOLOGE Časopis Cs. vědecké společnosti p ro m ykologii p ro šířen í znalosti hu b po strán ce vědecké i p rak tick é! Ročník 33 Císlo4 Listopad 1979 Vedouc! redaktor: doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Urban, DrSc. Redakční rada: prof. Karel Cejp, D rsc.; RND r. Petr Fragner; M UDr. Josef erink; RNDr. Věra olubová, CSc.; RNDr. František Kotlaba, CSc.; ing. Karel Kříž; RNDr. Vladimír Musílek, CSc.; doc. RNDr. Jan Nečásek, CSc.; ing. Cyprián Paulech, CSc.; prof. Vladimír Rypáček, DrSc., člen koresp. ČSAV; RND r. Miloslav Staněk, CSc. Výkonný redaktor: RNDr. Mirko Svrěek, CSc. Příspěvky zasílejte na adresu výkonného redaktora: 115 79 Praha 1, V áclavské nám. 68, Národní muzeum, telefon 269451 59. 3. sešit vyšel 15. srp n a 1979 OBSA M. S v r č e k : N ové nebo m éně znám é diskom ycety. X...193 Z. Pouzar: P oznám ky o taxonom ii a n o m en k latu ře rodu N u m m u laria (Pyrenom ycetes)...207 J. Stangl a J. Veselský: nocybe m etrodii sp. nov. (P říspěvky k poznání vzácnějších vláknic. Č ást 1 6.)... 220 M. Svrček a W. Matheis: O nálezu elotium longisporum S chw eers ve Š výcarsku a jeh o totožnosti s P haeohelotium geogenum (Cooke) com b. nov. 225 P. Fragner, J. ejzlar a M. Rubeš: O tom ykózy a m ykoflóra otitid.. 229 M. Svrček: V ýznam ná výročí světových m y k o l o g ů...237 Referáty přednesené na celostátním semináři Neobvyklé otravy houbami (Praha, 5. V. 1 9 7 9 )... 245 Výzva ke spolupráci při mapování jedovatých druhů hub v CSSR (B. l ů z a )...251 Zpráva o XX. valném shromáždění CVSM, konaném dne 4. 6. 1979 (S. Šebek)... 252 Seminář Ochrana hub a jejich životního prostředí (S. Š e b e k )... 253 Referáty o literatuře: J. A. S talpers, d en tificatio n of w ood-in h ab itin g A phyllophorales in p u re cu ltu re (J. K lán, str. 219); M ichael- ennig-k reisel, andbuch fiir P ilzfreu n d e 1,3 (M. Svrček, str. 255);. Jah n, P ilze die an olz w achsen (F. K o tlab a a Z. P ouzar, str. 255). Přílohy: černobílé tab u le: X. a X. B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. X. a XV. P haeohelotium geogenum (Cooke) S vrček et M atheis.

ČESKÁ MYKOLOGE ČASOPS ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ VĚDECKÉ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOG ROČNÍK 33 1979 >SEŠT 4 New or less known Discomycetes. X. N ové nebo m éně znám é diskom ycety. X. M irko S vrček T w o new species of elotiales from C zechoslovakia a re described: R u t- stroem ia carbonicola an d S clerotinia pseudoplatani. T w enty-one com binations a re proposed, an d sev eral species (new records fo r C zechoslovakia) are m entioned. Jsou popsány dva nové d ru h y diskom ycetů: R u tstro em ia carbonicola a S clerotinia pseudoplatani. J e provedeno 21 nových p řeřazen í a uvedeno několik d ru h ů nových p ro Č eskoslovensko. Belonidium nylanderi (Rehm ) comb. nov. B asionym : E rinella n yla n d eri R ehm, A scom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-fl. (2) 3 :9 1 0, 1893. R aitviir (1970) em ended th e genus B elonidium Mont. et Dur. 1846 (non auct. al.) for some species of D asyscyphus S. F. G ray (s. 1.) having apothecia broadly sessile to substipitate, externally clothed w ith long, flexuous, obtuse, m u ltiseptate hairs w ith th in or m oderately thick sm ooth walls. The w alls of hairs are covered only by easily detached granules dissolving in KO solution. Of th re e species occurring on dead herbaceous stem s tw o of th em are conspicuous by th e ir characteristic reaction in KO solution: the sap of hairs and excipular cells tu rn s deep violet, and diffuse out. Both species differ in size of ascospores, B elonidium sulphureum (Fr.) R aitviir sensu R aitviir having spores 20 40 X 2 3,um large, B elonidium violascens R aitviir 8 12 X 1,5 2 um only. The colour reaction can be easily observed in a drop of KO solution as a violaceous dye. n accordance w ith th e C entraleuropean trad itio n follow R ehm s in terp retatio n (1893) w ho described the long-spored species as Erinella nylanderi Rehm (1. c.), the sm allspored one as Lachnum sulphureum (Pers. ex Fr.) K arst. = D asyscyphus sulphureus (Pers. ex Fr.) Massee. As th e genus Erinella Sacc. is now synonym ized w ith D asyscyphus S. F. F ray (s. 1.) (Dennis 1949), th e tra n sfe r of E. nylanderi in to the genus B elonidium M ont, et Dur. em. R aitviir is proposed. D ennis (1962) synonym ized R ehm s Erinella nylanderi w ith D asyscyphus sulphureus b u t w ith some reservation ( th e w hole species complex evidently deserves fu rth e r critical stu d y ). The th ird species of those closely related discomycetes, B elonidium leucophaeum (Pers. ex Weinm.) Raitv. [= D asyscyphus leucophaeus (Pers. ex Weinm.) Massee] has hairs containing bright yellow pigm ent diffusing in KO solution w ith no change in hue, and spores 11 18 X 1,5 2,um. The la tte r species is th e m ost common of all herbicolous ones. B elonidium nylanderi is less common, and h ith e rto it w as collected in Czechoslovakia on stem s of 193

Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 l z ^ P 11 ti!fe ii i 1# 1.1 1 9 4

S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. Urtica dioica only. Several findings from S outhern Bohem ia w ere recorded by m e recently (Svrček 1978, as D asyscyphus nylanderi). V elenovský (1934) did not described it, but some collections identified by him as Lachnum sulphureum and preserved u n d e r th is nam e in PRM, rep resen t B elonidium nylanderi. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C arp en te r e t K orf This species is characteristic by its conidial state, Bispora antennata (Pers.) M ason = B. m onilioides Corda, form ing a short black m ould on h ard wood, especially on th e cut surface of stum ps. The relatively m inute (0.5 1.5 m m across) w hitish or pale yellow apothecia grow am ong this hyphom ycete. The fungus is know n also under th e nam e elotium m oniliferum (Fuck.) Rehm = = Calycella m onilifera (Fuck.) D ennis (1956). n Bohemia, it was form erly perhaps m ore common (Corda 1836 recorded it for th e first tim e as Bispora m onilifera b) condensata from th e vicinity of Liberec), but at present it occurs probably rarely. n PRM found it assigned to elotium duriusculum Velen. ( elotium eburneum Velen, in exs., nom. nud.), PRM 148484: Bohem ia centralis, Jevany, Fagus sylvatica, 16. X. 1923, leg. V elenovský. T he collection is p erfectly preserved, w ith fully m atu re apothecia, and represents the first voucher specim en of this Bisporella from our country. D uring last years it has been collected on several localities in Czechoslovakia by V. olubová-jechová: B ohem ia Occident., in silva v irg in ea D ia n a apud P řim d a p ro p e T achov, ad tru n c u m p u tr. d eiectum Fagi sylvaticae, 28. X. 1970 (PRM 820698). B ohem ia centr., in silva T ru b a p rope K ostelec n. Čer. lesy, ad codicem Fagi sylv., 24. X. 1978 (PRM 820696). M oravia, m ontes B eskydy, in silva v irg in ea S a la jk a, ad tru n cu m p u tr. d eiectum Fagi sylv., 7. V. 1972 (PRM 820695). Slovakia, m ontes V táčník, in m ote V táčník (1346 m s. m.) prope locum V oda h au d procul K lak, ad tru n cum deiectum Fagi sylv. 18. X. 1971 (PRM 820697). Slovakia, m ontes Z ápadně T atry, in m onte S k alk a p rope v icum v O raviciach, ap u d oppidulum T rstená, ad codicem Fagi sylv., 22. X. 1971 (PRM 820699). S lovakia, in clivis orient, versu s a pago R uská N ová Ves p rope P rešov, ad tru n c u m p u tr. deiectum Fagi sylv., 16. V. 1972 (PRM 820694). Bisporella subpallida (R ehm ) com b. nov. B asionym : P hialea subpallida R ehm. A scom. in R abenh. K ryptog.-fl. (2) 3:7 1 0, 1893. The apothecia of this discomycete, recorded for th e first tim e from Bohem ia by V elenovský (1934) as elotium subpallidum (Rehm) Velen., have th e sam e stru ctu re of excipulum as a typical Bisporella Sacc. (1884; syn.: Calycella Boud. 1885), and therefore th e tra n sfe r to th is genus is proposed. The species is not uncom m on on decorticated wood of various frondose trees and shrubs, especially 1. 1. B elo n id iu m n yla n d eri (R ehm ) Svrček. Tw o apothecia, tw o h airs, ascus w ith parap h y ses, ascospores, cells of th e ex cip u lu m (PRM 805305, S o u th ern B ohem ia, U M ostu n e a r V arvažov, V rtica dioica, 10. V. 1963, M. Svrček). 2. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C a rp e n te r et K orf. T h ree conidia of B ispora antennata (Pers.) M ason, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, apothecia, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum (PRM 148484). 3. B isporella subpallida (Rehm ) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith parap h y ses, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum (S outhern B ohem ia, n a tu re reserv e O polenec, A ln u s incana, 30. X. 1977, J. K u b ick á and M. Svrček). 4. D asyscyphus agropyri (Velen.) Svrček. A pothecia (left from a collection in S outhern B ohem ia, P rudice, 4. V. 1946), ascus w ith p araphyses, ascospores, h a irs; rig h t apothecia an d h a irs w ith ex cip u lar cells (lectotype, PR M 147833). M. S vrček del. 195

Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 on the cut surface of Corylus avellana, but also of Carpinus betulus, Salix sp., F raxinus excelsior, Quercus sp., Acer sp., A ln u s glutinosa. A pothecia occur from late autum n through m ild w inter till early spring. A bout th irty localities in C entral Bohem ia are now know n (PRM), also occurring in S outhern Bohem ia (Svrček 1978). Cenangiopsis quercicola (Romell) R ehm A ra re species, distinguished in its conspicuous lanceolate paraphyses far exceeding the asci. found it am ong th e unidentified m aterial of herbarium specim ens in a collection of F. K otlaba: Slovakia, V táčnik-m ountains, in the valley Jadiakova dolina south of th e hill Cuklový vrch ( = V rátiště) near B ystričany (Prievidza), cca. 650 m a. s., on fallen tw ig of Q uercus petraea 2. V. 1954 (PRM). This collection agrees perfectly w ith th e R ehm s description (1912). The species is know n from Sw eden (Romell 1895, as C enangium quercicolum), taly (Bresadola, fide Rehm) and G erm any (tw o localities according to Rehm, 1. c.), alw ays on dead tw igs of oak. Conchatium Velen. 1934 : 211 This is a m onotypic genus, the type of w hich is C onchatium bilobum Velen. (1934 : 211). olotypus of this fungus bears a fragm ent of a herbaceous stem w ith several w ell developed apothecia w hich agree m acro- and m icroscopically w ith Phialea cacaliae (Pers.) Gill. A pothecia are som ew hat abnorm al, being em arginate at sites of the disc but otherw ise agree w ith th e m entioned species. A t present, the genus Phialea (Fr.) G illet em. ohnel (1926) (type species Peziza cyathoidea Bull, ex M érat) is understood as a nom en rejiciendum (Article 69 of the Code) and a synonym of Cyathicula de Not. 1864, because th e presence of m arginal teeth is considered of doubtful generic value (C arpenter and D um ont 1978). cannot accept this la tte r opinion, and consider the presence of long, narrow, pointed teeth surrounding th e m argin of the disc as a generic feature. t seems m ore probable th a t in this group of discom ycetes tw o categories exist, eith er on generic o r subgeneric level (C arpenter and D um ont 1. c., note p. 1236). As V elenovský s genera M alotium Velen. (1934) and Conchatium Velen. (1934) are synonym s of Phialea (Fr.) G illet em. ohnel (see also Dennis, 1956), the possibility to use one of these tw o nam es offers: th e form er is yet a hom onym of M allotium (Ach.) S. F. G ray (Lichenes), so th a t only th e la tte r one could be used for species characteristic by th e absence of long m arg in al teeth. T h erefore th e follow ing new com binations are proposed: Conchatium cyathoideum (Bull ex Fr.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza cyathoidea B ull, ex M érat, N ouvelle F. P a ris 1 : 23, 1821 Conchatium airae (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : elotium airae V elenovský, M on. Disc. Boh. p. 199, 1934 Conchatium cacaliae (Pers.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza cacaliae Persoon, M ycol. E urop. 1 : 285, 1822 Conchatium calathicolum (Rehm ) com b. nov. B asio n y m : elotium calathicolum R hem, B erich t N atu rh. Ver. A ugsburg 26 : 77,1881 Conchatium caulicolum (Fr.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza caulicola Fries, Syst. m ycol. 2 :94, 1822 196

S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. Conchatium com plicatum (P. K arst.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza com plicata P. K arsten, F ungi Fenn. exs. no. 642, 1867; Not. Sallsk. F aun. F lor. fenn. 10 :166, 1869 Conchatium confine (P. K arst.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza confinis P. K arsten, Not. Sallsk. F aun. Flor. fenn. 10 :136, 1869 Conchatium egenulum (Rehm ) comb. nov. B asionym : P hialea egenula R ehm, Ascom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-f l. (2) 3 :726, 1893 Conchatium pteridicolum (. e t P. C rouan) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza pteridicola. et P. C rouan, F lo ru la de F in istère p. 50, 1867 Conchatium subhyalinum (Rehm ) com b. nov. B asionym : P hialea subhyalina R ehm, A scom yc. in R abenh. K ryptog.-f l. (2) 3 :1233, 1896 Conchatium urticae (Pers.) com b. nov. B asionym : P eziza urticae Persoon, M ycol. E urop. 1 : 286, 1822 D asyscyphus agropyri (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : L achnum agropyri V elenovský, M on. Disc. Boh. p. 257, 1934 This species is closest to D asyscyphus pygm aeus (Fr.) Sacc. t differs in its to tally pu re w h ite apothecia a t first, th e n redden in g to rusty-reddening, sim i larly as in D asyscyphus controversus (Cooke) Rehm, from w hich is distinguished in its sh o rter hairs, longer asci and spores, as well' as paraphyses exceeding only very shortly. Lectotype PRM 147833 (Bohemia centr., O ndřejov, ad rhizom a N ardi strictae, V. 1923 leg. et det. Velenovský) w as selected of several other collections of auth en tic m aterial exam ined by me, all on rhizom es of A gropyron repens. collected th is species also several tim es on th is host in Southern B ohem ia (Svrček 1978). The dried apothecia have a dark red-brow n or blackish disc. The typical form of D. pygm aeus has th e disc light yellow, drying orange coloured, not reddening. N evertheless, m icroscopically are both species very sim ilar and h ard ly separable. D asyscyphus albidoluteus (Feltg.) com b. nov. B asionym : P ezizella albidolutea F eltgen, V orst. 1, N achtr. 2 :42, 1901 n sw am ps on basal dead leaves of standing living stem s of some Cyperaceae (especially Sclrpus silvaticus and Carex sp.), b u t also on grass (Glyceria aquatica) a m inute discom ycete w ith w hitish, sessile, externally pow dery apothecia occurs very often. A pothecia are 0,2 0,5( 1) m m across, translucent, w hite or pallid w hen fresh, th en yellow ish, som etim es lobed in th e age. Excipulum of oblong, hyaline, thin-w alled cells up to 18 X 3 6 ^m, tow ards th e base are th e cells larg er ( 27 m across), yellow ish or brow nish. airs 15 36 X 3 5 um, at th e top distinctly clavate (6 11 p ) and granulose, m ostly one-celled, but also 1-septate at th e base, thin-w alled, hyaline or yellowish. Asci (40 ) 45 65 X X 5 9 ^m, cylindrical-clavate, shortly stipitate, narrow ed but obtuse above, pore am yloid, 8-spored. Paraphyses 2 2,5 urn, narrow ly lanceolate, in the upper p a rt 3 3,5 «m thick, not or very shortly exceeding th e asci, often scarcely developed. A scospores 12 18( 22) X (2 )2,5 3 pjn, biseriate, in aeq u aliter fusiform, narrow ed tow ards th e ir ends, often curved (som etim es very slightly S-form ed), w ith m in u te drops a t th e ends, th en 1 2( 3) septate. This fairly common fungus, know n to m e from num erous collections from all p arts of Bohem ia, w as fo r th e first tim e described by Feltgen (1901), also on Scirpus silvaticus from Luxem bourg. is description agrees w ell w ith specimens studied by me. A ccording to th e revision of F eltgen s Ascomycetes m ade by ohnel (1906), it is considered a good species, too, b u t its system atic position 197 i

ČESK Á M Y K O LO G E 33 (4) 1979..? ill WM 11 flirt Pf '>? fspi 2. 1. D asyscyphus albidoluteu s (Feltg.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith paraphyses, ascospores, m arg in al h airs, ex cip u lar cells (from v arious collections). 2. D asyscyphus w in teri (Cooke) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, ascospores, h airs (from v arious collections). 3. D iscocistella fugiens (B ucknall) Svrček. A pothecia, asci w ith paraphyses, m arg in of excipulum, ascospores (from v ario u s collections). 4. G loeotinia granigena (Quél.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascus w ith p araphyses, ascospores, m arg in al h y p h ae a n d cells (S outhern B ohem ia, C im elice, 23. V. 1964, M. Svrček). 5. ym en o scyp h u s sphagnisedus (Velen.) Svrček. M argin of excipulum, excip u lar cells, tw o apothecia, ascospores, asci, tw o h y p h ae fro m th e base of ap othecium (S outhern B ohem ia, T řeboň, Sp h a g n u m sp., 18. V. 1964, M. Svrček). 198 M. S vrček del.

S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. rem ained uncertain. The species w as know n also to V elenovsky w ho recorded it in his w ork (1934) u n d er th ree different nam es, viz. Belonium dem eteris Velen. (1934 : 179, lectotype PRM 150162: Bohem ia centr., u ra prope Tehov, Carex sp., 13. V. 1927, leg. et det. Velen.), yaloscypha glyceriae Velen. [1934 : 279, lectotype PRM *149513 : Chocerady (Bohemia centr.), Glyceria spectabilis, 13. V. 1925 leg. et det. Velen.] and yaloscypha eriophori (Quel.) Velen. sensu Velen. [1934 : 279, non Erinella eriophori Q uelet 1880, q. e. D asyscyphus eriophori (Quel.) Sacc.]. The specim ens of all m entioned species w ere reexam ined and th e ir id en tity w as ascertained. p refer to consider this fungus as a reduced D asyscyphus ra th e r th an a Cistella, w hich, fo r th e tim e being, is scarcely separable from this genus (see also D ennis 1968). D asyscyphus w interi (Cooke) comb. nov. B asionym : P eziza w in teri Cooke, G rev illea 4 :6 7, 1876 The m ost striking featu re of th is discom ycete is th e lem on-yellow colour of th e disc and hairs. These are cylidrical, m ostly clavate above, finelly g ranular throughout, thin-w alled, septate, containing yellow pigm ent in form of sm all guttules. This species seems to be the rarest of th e phragm iticolous ones, its apothecia are to be found usually solitary or in sm all groups and alm ost alw ays in society w ith D asyscyphus controversus (Cooke) Sacc. W hen dried, th e yellow colour disappears absolutely, so th a t in such sta te it is difficult to distinguish D. controversus and D. w interi. The la tte r species is know n from G erm any (Rehm 1896) and Czechoslovakia (V elenovsky 1934; Svrcek 1978). D iscocistella fugiens (B ucknall) Svr. n 1962, w hen the genus Cistella Quel. (1886) em. N annfeldt (1932), a later hom onym of Cistella Blum e (1825) w as not yet accepted as a nom en conservandum, proposed fo r it the nam e Discocistella. As the type species of this nam e w as designated by m e Peziza fugiens Bucknall (1881). The type species of Cistella Quel, is Peziza dentata Pers. ex Pers. 1822. A t present, new contributions about Cistella w ere published by M atheis (1977) and Raschle (1978). A fter th e reexam ination of Cistella dentata and Discocistella fugiens (both are fairly com m on in Bohem ia, especially the la te r one), m aintain these as not congeneric. see th e differences in size of apothecia, paraphyses and especially of asci. Peziza dentata, th e lectotype of Cistella, is very probably a reduced D asyscyphus only, scarcely separable from this genus. The relatively large (up to 1,5 m m across) apothecia, paraphyses pointed above and longer th an asci w hich are oblong-clavate and distinctly stipitate, distinguish th e lignicolous Cistella dentata from Discocistella fugiens. The last differs in its m inute (100 300 «m across), very thin, translucent apothecia, not lanceolate, th in paraphyses not exceeding the asci and conspicuously small, sessile, not stip itate asci. Discocistella fugiens specifically occurs on M onocotyledones (Cyperaceae and Poaceae). The form of asci seems to be particularly im portant fe a tu re on w hich b oth genera w ould be distinguished. The genus Clavidisculum K irschst. [typus: C. kriegerianum K irschst. = Peziza acuum Alb. et Schw. ex Pers., Clavidisculum acuum (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) K irschst.], synonym ized by some au th o rs w ith Cistella Quel. em. N annf., is 199

Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 kept by m e for the tim e being as an autonom ous genus on account of its differen t stru ctu re of th e excipulum. G locotinia granigena (Quél.) comb. nov. B asionym : Phialea granigena Q uélet, 11. Suppl., C. R. Assoc, frang. A vanc. Sci. 11 : 407, tab. 12, fig. 7, 1883 This Sclerotinia was also recorded under the nam e Gloeotinia lem ulenta (Prill, et Delacr. 1892) Wilson, Noble et Gray, b u t Q uéleťs nam e has a priority indeed. The follow ing description is based on a collection from Southern Bohem ia: A pothecia 2 2.5 m m across, arising singly on caryopses of a grass (? Lolium sp.). Disc flattened, pale ochraceous, some shade of cinnam on, narrow ly brow n- -m arginate, pow dery and becom ing pale w ith age, distinctly puffing the spores w hen m ature. Receptacle finelly tom entose, covered w ith hyaline and brow nish hyphae, firm ly fleshy, th e stipe cylindrical, concolorous, 2 3 m m long. The m argin of the receptacle consists of cylindrical, closely connected, parallel, septate hyphae 90 130 X 2 3.5 /xm, yellow ish-brow n coloured, densely filled w ith m inute drops, m ost of them dark at th e ir tops (up to reddish-brow n). S im ilar hyphae cover also th e surface of the receptacle. Excipulum of cylindrical, hyaline o r yellow ish, thin-w alled cells 5 9 thick and up to 35 um Asci 110 120 X 7 8 j.m, gradually and indistinctly attenuate, the pore not blue in M elzer s reagent, 8-spored. Paraphyses 2 3 p.m thick, cylindrical, not or slightly enlarged at the apex, straight, densely filled w ith m inute subhyaline or brow nish drops. Ascospores 10 14 X 4 4.5 ^m, ellipsoidal, or subfusiform, inequilateral, tap erin g to each end, eguttulate, smooth. Southern Bohem ia: Cimelice n ear Písek, in a cart ru t in a field-w ay on a caryopsis (probably Lolium sp.) im m ersed in soil, 23. V. 1964 (Svrček, PRM). The collection agrees w ell w ith the description of Gloeotinia tem ulenta in Dennis (1956) based on B ritish findings (all on caryopses of Lolium). Quélet (1883) described it according to m aterial from Brom us erectus in France. The species is recorded as parasitic on caryopses of various grass (Secale, Lolium, Festuca). ym enoscyphus sphagnisedus (Velen.) com b. nov. B asionym : B elo n iu m sphagnisedum V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 179, tab. V, fig. 16, 1934 collected this probably strictly sphagnicolous discom ycete in Southern Bohem ia on living Sphagnum sp. ts m inute, solitary, translucent apothecia are very inconspicuous, so th a t it is difficult to discover them. The Velenovsky s type specimen [Bohemia septentr., m ontes Corcontici ( = Krkonoše), Labská louka, 1230 m s. m., V., 1927, leg. K. Ce.jp] does not exist in PRM, but the original description agrees perfectly w ith the discom ycete collected by me. The follow ing description is based on the m aterial w hich is designated as neotype. A pothecia 1 2 m m across, sessile or subsessile w ith a sm all base on sparse hyaline m ycelial hyphae (2 3,um thick), grow ing on the surface of living stem leaves (rarely branch leaves) of Sphagnum sp., tra n slu c en t w hen fresh, hyaline- 2 0 0

S V R C E K : N EW O R L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. 11* p ff 1.1. J / ' - * P @ 0 1 ^ ^ S #f 1 É 1* ^ 3. 1. 2. P sila ch n u m acu tu m (Velen.) Svrček. 1: m arg in al hairs, ascospores, asci w ith parap h y ses (lectotype of L a ch n u m acutum, PR M 147961); 2: apothecia, th ree m arg in al h airs, ascus w ith p araphyses, cells of hypothecium, ex cip u lar cells, ascospores (C entral B ohem ia, P ra h a -K u n ra tic e, G lyceria m a xim a, 24. V. 1978, M. Svrček). 3. P silocistella conincola (Velen.) Svrček. A pothecia, ascospores, asci w ith paraphyses, m arg in al h aris, ex cip u lar cells (neotype, PR M 820980). 4. R u tstro em ia carbonicola Svrček. A pothecia, ascospores, m arg in al cells, su p e r ficial ex cip u lar hyphae, section of excipulum, h y p h ae from stip e (right) (type, PR M 820981). 5. Sclerotinia pseudoplatani Svrček. ab it sketch, ascus w ith p arap h y ses, ascospores, m arg in of excipulum, cells and hy p h ae of flesh (type, PR M 820982). M. S vrcek del. 201

-w hite, soft, colour unchanging, externally sm ooth, disc soon plane, narrow ly m arginate, th en im m arginate and convex, som ew hat u ndulate in th e age. Excipulum at the m argin form ed of cylindrical, closely arranged, hyaline, parallel hyphae, 2 3 (um thick, becom ing w ider and m ore thick-w alled (1 um) on th e flanks of th e receptacle, th e basal cells largely ellipsoid to subglobose, 10 22 urn across, thin-w alled, hyaline. Asci 60 70 X 9 11 um, cylindrical, thin-w alled, indistinctly and thickly stipitate, narrow ed above and subtruncate, the pore stained blue in M elzer s reagent, 8-spored. Paraphyses not seen. Ascospores 11 13.5 X 2.5 3 um, bi-or tri-seriate, n arrow ly elliptical, inequilateral, m ore atten u ated tow ards one end, obtuse, eguttulate, som etim es 1-septate. Southern Bohem ia: Třeboň, rádeček, in a ditch on living Sphagnum sp., 18. V. 1964 (Svrcek, PRM). Psilachnum acutum (Velen.) com b. nov. Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 B asionym : L achnum a cu tu m V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 254, 1934 This species is easily distinguished by its m inute apothecia 100 300 ( 450) um across, pure w hite, unchanging, im m arginate, very sh ortly stip itate (stipe 100 120 X 60 100 ^m ) or substipitate, subsessile, at th e m argin only finelly shortly hairy. M arginal hairs 30 50 X 2 3.5 i(um, m ostly 1 2 septate, quite sm ooth, acyanophilous, th e cells of th e excipulum 4 12 X 2 5 ^m, or up to 10 X 9,um, narrow ed tow ards the m argin, thin-w alled. Asci 25 40 X (3.5 )4 5 um, 6 8-spored, paraphyses (1.5 )2 3( 5),um broad, exceeding the asci by 3 14 fim, but som etim es alm ost cylindrical and not exceeding, spores (5 )6 9( 11) X 1.5 2 um, inequilateral, narrow ed to both ends, eguttulate, straight. t is probably a not uncom m on discomycete, but easily overlooked. From num erous authentic specim ens of Lachnum acutum, preserved in PRM, selected a lectotype: Bohem ia centr., M enčice prope M nichovice, ad spicam Secalis cerealis, V. 1926, leg. Velenovský, PRM 147961. This has m arginal hairs 35 70 X 3 3.5 um (at the base), cylindrical, gradually narrow ed tow ards the tips b u t not sharply pointed (1.5 2,um), thin-w alled, hyaline, quite sm ooth (oil im m ersion!), 0 3-septate. Excipulum is form ed by te x tu ra prism atica of cells slightly thick-w alled, up to 20 X 3 5 jum wide, hyaline. Asci 25 35 X X 4 4.5 p,m, cylindrical-clavate or subcylindrical, shortly stipitate, 8-spored, th e pore amyloid. Paraphyses lanceolate, pointed or obtuse, 2 3.5 ^ m broad, exceeding th e asci by 7 12 um. Spores 7 9 X 1.5( 2) um, biseriate, narrow ly subcylindrical, eguttulate. reex am in ed also o th er ty p e specim ens from PR M agreeing w ith th e lectotype: 147920, 151523, 151556, 151557, 151955, 151980, 151990, 152020, 152033, 152061 (all from th e v icinity of M nichovice, C en tral B ohem ia). T h ere a re also som e V elenovský s collections fro m o th er localities in B ohem ia, e. g. Kosoř, V. 1927 (151625), V yžlovka n e a r Jevany, V. 1934 (151631), O tru b y n e a r Slané, V. 1927 (150803), id en tical w ith L a ch n u m acutum. T he species occurs on dead, fallen leaves a n d culm s of various G ram ineae (Poaceae) an d Cyperaceae. collected it also sev eral tim es, e. g. on culm s of G lyceria m a xim a a t th e pond O lšanský n e a r P ra h a -K u n ra tic e, 24. V. 1978, and it is not ra re in S o u th ern B ohem ia (e. g. T řeboň, a pond Š a tla v a, on Car e x sp., 26. V. 1953 leg. J. K ubická). V elenovský s species w as recorded by Dennis (1949) as D asyscypha acuta (Velen.) D ennis on cut, ro ttin g grass from England, and his description cor- 202

SV RCEK: NEW OR LESS KNOW N DSCOM YCETES. X. l i i fp l «v?.^blfllplsp M f L i hk ^ jl w ^m é> * Wsx11 %l -* * m L Jfc MLy,JB^ri 4>&,S1^Éí A tv., E ^ra i ^ 4. B isporella pallescens (Pers. ex Fr.) C arp, et K orf. A pothecia su rro u n d ed by black conidiophores of B ispora a ntennata (Pers. ex Pers.) M ason. On Fagus, eiligen- k irch en (W est G erm any), X. 1967,. Jah n. P h o to. Ja h n responds w ith th e conception of this fungus. R aitv iir (1970) in serted D asyscyphus acutus am ong excluded, dubious or im perfectly know n species of th e genus Psilachnum öhn., how ever no validly published com bination w as m ade. Lachnum a cutum var. m a ju s Velen. 1934 : 254, holotype PRM 152032, rep resen ts tw o differen t species, viz. a typical form of L achnum acutum, and apo- 203

Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 thecia of Lachnum sagarum Velen, w ith distinctly clavate, granulose h airs 50 70 X 3 3.5 X 5 5.5 um, lanceolate paraphyses, exceeding th e asci, and spores 10 15.5 X 1.3 1.5 um ; th e original description refers m ostly to th e la te r species. Lachnum acutum var. holci Velen. 1934 : 254, is preserved in PRM in tw o specim ens, 151556 and 151524. They bear the sam e v ariety and th e fo rm er m ay be chosen as lectotype. No differences can be found if com pared w ith th e typical form of Lachnum acutum. Psilocistella conincola (Velen.) comb. nov. B asionym : D asyscypha conincola V elenovský, Mon. Disc. Boh. p. 234, 1934 The only one collection of D asyscypha conincola, on w hich th e original description is based, PRM 149951 (holotype), C entral Bohem ia: Praha-M otol, on scales of fallen pine cones, 29. V. 1924, leg. A. P ilát, det. J. V elenovský, bears tw o cones of P inus sylvestris, u n fo rtu n a te ly w ith o u t any apothecia. As th e beau tifu l m aterial, sen t to m e by m y frien d J. K ubická in 1958 agrees perfectly w ith th e V elenovský s description of th e nam ed fungus, designate it as a neotype. A pothecia 0.8 1 m m across, gregarious, usually in sw arm s, shallow cup- -shaped, th en flat, pu re w hite, th e m argin often strongly u n d u late in the age, m inutely h airy only, the very short cylidrical stalk (0.2 0.4 mm) sm ooth and a t th e base som etim es yellow ish. Disc w hite, m arg in ate, unchanging or in th e age som ew hat dirty-g reyish or yellow ish. E xcipular cells oblong, stightly th ick- -w alled, hyaline, about 5 7 ^ m broad, up to 20 dum long and 11 ^ m w ide tow ards the base of the excipulum. M arginal h airs 20 45 X 2 4 um, cylindrical, hyaline, stra ig h t or curved a t th e tip, obtuse, ra re ly slightly clavate, th in -w a l- led, smooth, aseptate, som etim es fasciculate. Asci 35 47 X 5.5 6.5 um, clavate, very shortly and thickly stipitate, pore not am yloid, 8-spored. P araphyses 2 2.5 um thick, filiform, no t exceeding the asci. Ascospores 5 8 X 2.5 3 fim, ovoid, elliptic-ovoid, inequilateral, tow ards th e ends narrow ed, eg u ttulate, biseriate. Southern Bohemia: in th e vicin ity of T řeboň collected by J. K ubická, viz. th e M hill P rašiv ý v ršek n e a r D om anin, on scales of fallen cones of P inus sylvestris, 12. V. 1958 (PRM, neotype), an d N atu re R eserve M šály, 10. V. 1960. A lso on ro tten w ood in th e cavity of a stum p of Picea abies, oličky, 26. V. 1958. C en tral B ohem ia: Z vánovice, on fallen cones of P inus sylvestris, 28. V. 1945 (Svrček). t se e m s v e r y p ro b a b le t h a t yaloscypha uncipila L e G a l (1954) = Uncinia u n c ip ila (L e G al) R a itv iir (1970) is th e sa m e sp ecies. Rutstroem ia carbonicola spec. nov. A pothecia (1 )2 3,5 m m diam., solitaria vel fasciculata (2 4), subcoriaceo- -carnosa, firm a, to ta obscure castaneo-fusca, extus pallidiora, luteofusca, sub- tilite r adpresse brunneo-fibrillosa, cum stipite (1 )3 5 m m longo, 0.5 1 m m gd crasso, cylindraceo, obscure castaneo vel rubrocastaneo, basim versus subnigro usque nigro, nudo, ad residua carbonisata vel deusta p lan taru m affixa, disco eoncavo sed m ox explanato, anguste m arginato, rubro-brunneo, denique albo- pruinoso, carne secto albo. Excipulum ex tern u m p arte m arginali 100 120,um crassum, hyphis m arg in a- libus cylindraceo-clavatis, 4 8 fum crassis, brunneo-coloratis, te x tu ra cetera 204

S V R C E K : N EW OR L E S S K N O W N D SC O M Y C E T E S. X. e cellulis obscure ru'brobrunneis, late ellipsoideis, vesiculosis vel cylindraceo- -ellipsoideis 15 25 xm çliani., subcrasse tunicatis (1 1.5 um) instructum, basim versus 60 80,um crassum, cellulis longe cylindraceis (4 7 ^m ), obscurioribus, crasse tunicatis form átům. Excipulum internum 130 160 /xm crassum, ecoloratum, e cellulis longe clavatis vel cylindraceis, 6 13 um crassis, subtenuiter tun icatis, hyalinis, form átům. Stipes ex hyphis longissim is, anguste cylindraceis, 2.5 5 /xm crassis, crasse tunicatis, septatis, luteofuscis vel obscure rubrofuscis, pigm ento m em branáceo incrustatis, p arte superficiali cum hyphis flexuosis, singularibus, concoloribus sed obscurissim is, apicibus obtusis prom inulis. Asci 130 170 X 12 14 um, cylindracei, deorsum breviter stipitati, apice obtusi, poro haud am yloideo, octospori, sporis m onostichis. Paraphyses filiform es, hyalinae, apice rectae, parum dilatatae (4 5 ^m ), dilute brunneae. Ascosporae (15 ) 16 21 X 5.5 7 um, inaequaliter oblongo-ellipsoideae, cylindraceo-ellipsoideae vel cylindraceo-fusoideae, polis obtusis, intus nebulosae, granulis vel guttu lis (2 4) im pletae, hyalinae, unicellulares, sed in solutione M elzeri lutescentes, m atu rae m edio ten u iter uniseptatae; conidiis apicalibus nullis. a b. in carbonariis, saepe ex residuis p lantarum plus m inusve carbonisatis, igno destructis, praesertim in caespitibus gram inum, sed etiam ad terram adustam, ad ligna, folia, rhizom a, muscos, etc. Bohemia meridionalis: B ranná prope Třeboň, ad m arginem piscinae R u d a, 18. V. 1965, leg. G ro G ulden, J. K ubická et M. Svrček (typus, PRM). L ocalitates ceterae apud Svrček (1978 : 90) referu n tu r. This distinctly anthracophilous discomycete, characteristic by«its colour and structure, is th e sam e as Ciboria carbonaria sensu V elenovský (1934), non Feltgen 1903. A ccording to ôhnel s revision (1906), Ciboria carbonaria Feltgen is a synonym of D asyscyphus pygm aeus (Fr.) Sacc. As to the genus Rutstroem ia P. K arst, em. Rehm, accept th e em endation of E uropean authors, supported recently by olm (1978). n S outhern Bohem ia, Rutstroem ia carbonicola occurs not uncom m only on fire-places n e ar ponds. S clero tin ia p seu d o p latan i spec. nov. A pothecia 1 2 m m diam., patellaria, denique explanata, anguste brunneolo- -m arginata, to ta pallide coffeaceo-fusca, longe tenuiterq u e stip itata (usque ad 8 mm), extus concolor, subtilissim e pruinosa, ex sclerotio 1 2 m m magno, oblongo, subacuto, applanato, nigro, h au d nitido enata. E xcipulum p allide brunneolum, e hyphis m arginalibus, 55 90 u m longis, 2.5 4.5 um crassis, cylindraceis, septatis, apice obtusis, atque cellulis globosis vel subglobosis, p arte subm arginali solum 5 6 p diam., basim versus 12 14 jxm diam., sed etiam (p arte inferiore) usque ad 22 m diam., su b ten u iter tu n i catis instructum. Excipulum internum e hyphis longe cylindraceis, flexuosis, ram osis, septatis, pallide brunneis, 2 5 ^um crassis, te n u ite r tunicatis, atque e cellulis irreg u lariter globosis vel late ellipsoideis, usque ad 36 X 20 jxm magnis. Asci 160 170 X 10 12 /xm, anguste cylindracei, deorsum solum brevissim e crasseque stipitiform iter angustati, apice obtusi, m em brana incrassata, poro distincte am yloideo, 8-spori, sporis partim distichis. Paraphyses 3 4 um crassae, septatae, apice non d ilatatae, rectae, g u ttulis m agnis im pletae, hyalinae. Ascosporae 14 17 X 5.5 6.5 um, late vel anguste irreg u lariter fusiform es, apice uno acuto, eg u ttu latae, hyalinae. 205

Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 ab. in foliis deiectis putridissim is Aceris pseudoplatani. Localitas typi: Bohem ia m eridionalis, m ontes G abreta ( = Sum ava), in cacum ine m ontis Zátoňská hora haud procul Lenora, cca 1000 m s. m., 17. V. 1975, leg. J. K ubická et M. Svrček (typus, PRM). This species seem s to be close to Sclerotinia candolleana (Lév.) Fuck., occurring on fallen, overw intered leaves of Quercus, w hich differs in its considerably sm aller asci and ascospores. Ciboria acerina W hetzel et B uchw ald (1936), described on strom atized inflorescentia of Acer rubrum and A. saccharinum (but recorded from o th er frondose trees, too; D ennis 1956, M atheis 1975, on Salix daphnoides) is a very different species. The sclerotia of S. pseudoplatani w ere found am ong strongly decaying leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus interm igled w ith leaves of Fagus sylvatica, lying on w et ground. References CA R PEN TER S. E. et DUM ONT K. P. (1978): L eotiaceae. N an n feld t s P h ialeoideae: T he gen era B elonioscypha, C yathicula, and P h ialea. M ycologia, N ew Y ork, 70 (6) : 1223-1238. CORDA A. C.. (1837): leones fu n g o ru m hucusque cognitorum.. P ragae. D EN N S R. W. G. (1949): A revision of th e B ritish yaloscyphaceae w ith notes on re la te d E uropean species. Mycol. P ap. 32 : 1 97. D EN N S R. W. G. (1956): A revision of th e B ritish elotiaceae in th e e rb ariu m of th e R oyal B otanic G ardens, K ew, w ith notes on related E uro p ean species. Mycol. Pap. 62 : 1-216. D EN NS R. W. G. (1962): A reassessm en t of B elonidium M ont. e t D ur. P ersoonia 2 (1) : 171-191.» D EN NS R. W. G. (1968): B ritish A scom ycetes. L ehre. O N EL F. (1906): R evision von 292 d e r von J. F eltg en aufg estellten A scom ycetenfo rm en au f G ru n d d er O riginalexem plare. Sitzb. k. A kad. W issensch. W ien, M ath.- -n at. Kl., A bt., 115. OLM L. (1978): Tw o co n tro v ersial discom ycete nam es. M ycotaxon 7 (1) : 139 140. M A T E S W. (1975): Ü b er ein zen traleu ro p äisch es V orkom m en von C iboria acerin a au f m ännlich en K ätzch en von S alix daphnoides Vill. F riesia 11 (1) : 24 30. M A T E S W. (1977): C istella am en tico la sp. nov. n eb st B em erkungen ü b er ein ig e a n d e re C istella-a rten. F riesia 11 (2) : 62 70. R A T V R A. (1970): Synopsis of th e yaloscyphaceae. T artu. RASC LE P. (1978): N eu fu n d e u n d N eu kom binationen von yaloscyphaceae N annfeld t ( elotiales). N ova edw igia 30 : 653 672. RE M. (1912): Z u r K en n tn is d er D iscom yceten D eutschlands, D eutsch-ö sterreichs und d er Schw eiz. Ber. bayer. bot. Ges. 13 : 102 206. SVRCEK M. (1978): D iskom ycety jižních Cech. Sbor. Jihočes. Muz. Ces. B uděj. P řír. V ědy 18 : 71-93. V ELENOVSKY J. (1934): M onographia D iscom ycetum B ohem iae. 1 2. P ragae. A ddress of th e au th o r: D r. M irko Svrcek, CSc., N árodní m uzeum, Sectio m ycologica, V áclavské nám. 68, 115 79 P ra h a 1, C zechoslovakia. 206

Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of Nummularia (Pyrenomycetes) Poznám ky o taxonom ii a nom enklatuře rodu Num m ularia (Pyrenom ycetes) Z d e n ě k Pouzar T he generic n am e N u m m u la ria L. R. e t C. Tul. 1863 being a la te r hom onym of N u m m u la ria ill 1756 should be rep laced by th e nam e B iscogniauxia O. K untze. T he genus should be em ended to include not only th e m a jo rity of species in th e sense of M iller (1961) b u t also species of th e yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) F r. group. A new species B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. is d escribed w hich d iffers from B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. S chm idt) O. K untze by sim ple (unilateral) germ slits of ascospores th e last species h av in g double (bilateral) slits. 1 R odové jm éno N u m m u la ria L. R. e t C. Tul. 1864, k te ré je pozdějším hom onym em jm én a N u m m u la ria ill 1756, m usí být n ah razen o jm énem B iscogniauxia O. K utze. P o jetí ta k to pojm enovaného ro d u je rozšířeno, aby zahrnovalo nejen v ětšin u d ru h ů k ladených do ro d u N u m m u la ria M illerem (1961), ale aby zahrnovalo i skupin u d ru h ů okolo yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bull. ex S t.-a m ans) Fr. J e popsán nový d ru h B iscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov., k te rý se liší od B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) O. K untze jednoduchým i (jednostranným i) k líčním i štěrb in am i askospór, zatím co posledně jm en o v an ý d ru h m á d v o jité (dvoustranné) štěrbiny. j Í A study of a new ly collected rich m aterial of N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. in Czechoslovakia incited a study of the problem of taxonom y and nom enclature of th e genus N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. The com parative study of m icro- and m acrom orphology of several species of th e genus su r prisingly show ed th a t the concept of M iller (1932, 1942, 1961) is untenable for both taxonom ic and nom enclatural reasons. S hortly N um m ularia discreta cannot be separated into a different genus from its close ally N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. [= ypoxylon n um m ularium (Bull, ex St.-Amans) Fr.] and th e generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. and all its isonyms should be typified by ypoxylon num m ularium (Bui. ex St.-Amans) Fr. and not by N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. T h e generic name N um m ularia L. R. e t C. Tul. W hen L R. T ulasne et C. T ulasne (1863) published th eir generic nam e N u m m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. they designated tw o species as types of th is genus, viz. ypoxylon num m ula riu m (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) Fr. and Sphaeria discreta Schw. As only one species is perm issible by th e Code (Stafleu et al. 1978) as a type of a genus, a need arose to select one of them as th e only type. The first authors to select one of these species as a type w ere R. M aire (1930) and S h ear (1930) w ho selected N. bulliardii L R. et C. Tul.*) This w as th e obvious choice because th e Tulasnes used fo r th e ir generic nam e th e epithet of isonym of this nam e. This w as a responsible selection and influenced other mycologists because both au th o rs w ere leading auth o rities of th a t tim e and published th e ir *) F or th e purp o se of typificatio n of N u m m u la ria L. R. et C. Tul. it m ak es no d ifferen ce w h e th e r w e a re using th e nam e yp o xylo n n u m m u la riu m (Bui. ex. S t.- -A m ans) F r. o r its isonym (a n am e change) N u m m u la ria bulliardii L. R. e t C. Tul. b ecau se th e ty p e of a n am e of a genus is a species not a specific nam e (see A rt. 10.1 of th e Code, S tafleu et al. 1978). 207

CESK A M Y K O LO G E 33 (4) 1979 opinion in an official docum ent of proposals for the nternational Botanical Congress in C am bridge in 1930. L ater J.. M iller (1932) selected Sphaeria discreta. The dispute w hich of these tw o species should be recognized as th e type of N um m ularia has continued till now. Because th e first selection has in general been a ttrib u te d to C lem ents et S h ear (1931), some m ycologists considered this choice arb itra ry because these authors m ostly selected th e first species indicated by authors of generic names. Such arb itra ry selections are not perm itted by the Code (Stafleu et al. 1978, A rt. 81). As correctly em phasized by K orf (1978), the selections of generic types by Clem ents et S hear cannot be autom atically discarded as arb itrary and should be analyzed critically for every individual case. n N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. th ere can be no objections against the first typification. M iller (1932, p. 131) changed this typifications because he advocated the opinion th a t N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. [= ypoxylon num m ularium (Bull, ex St.-A m ans) Fr.] should be tran sferred from th e genus N um m ularia to the genus ypoxylon and no nam e w as available fo r th e residue of th e genus N um m ularia. e typified therefore N um m ularia by the second species viz. N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. ( = Sphaeria discreta Schw.) and in this w ay obtained a generic nam e fo r the genus in his restricted circum scription. N evertheless, th ere has been a large support for the typification of N um m ularia by N. bulliardii =. num m ularium : soon after it w as accepted by Clem ents et Shear (1931), repeated by R. M aire (1935) and S hear (1935), accepted by a com m ittee of B ritish Mycological Society (see W akefield 1939), by A rx et M uller (1954) and recently by K reisel (1975). T he typification of N um m ularia by Sphaeria discreta w as supported by Rogers (1949), Jong et B enjam in (1971) and Eckblad et G ranm o (1978). According to m y studies of taxonom y of N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. and ypoxylon num m ularium (Bui. ex St.-A m ans) Fr., these species cannot be separated into tw o different genera, being really closely related. Because M iller s ra th e r strange m ain reason for changing the type of N um m ularia now expired, th ere is no escape from considering th e first selection of R. M aire and S hear of ypoxylon n um m ularium = N um m ularia bulliardii as th e right one. The generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. 1863 is illegitim ate and therefore not available as correct for the genus in question. t is a later hom onym of a phanerogam ic nam e N um m ularia ill 1756. The phanerogam ic nam e N um m ularia a nam e largely used in th e pre- -L innean period w as first validly published a fte r sta rtin g point 1753 by J. ill (1756, p. 65). The genus has been separated from Lysim achia L. on th e basis of creeping, decum bent to ascendent stem s (instead of errect ones in Lysimachia) w ith four species of w hich the obvious choice as th e type is Lysim achia num m ularia L. treated by ill (1. c. p. 65) as N um m ularia flore flavo ill. The generic nam e N um m ularia ill 1756 is legitim ate (see also D andy 1967) and is available to phanerogam ists if they w ould like to separate th e group around Lysim achia num m ularia L. as a distinct genus e. g. on the basis of single flowers. Lysim achia vulgaris L. (flowers in inflorescences) is now considered th e ty p e of Lysim achia L. (see itchcock et G reen 1929). As w e are now dating th e valid publication of N um m ularia to 1756 attrib u tin g its authorship to ill, w e do not support th e application of this nam e by O. K untze (1891, p. 398) to th e genus N aum burgia M oench. K untze (1. c.) in his nom enclatural system, attrib u ted the authorship of this genus to th e pre-l innean au th o r G ronovius and d ated it to 1739. ill (1. c. 1756, p. 64), how ever, tre a te d 208

P O U Z A R : N U M M U L A R A th e type of N aum burgia M oench i. e. N. thyrsiflora (L.) D uby as a m em ber of Lysim achia L. because of its erect stems, nam ing it by a polynom Lysim achia flore globoso ill. The first generic nam e published to replace th e hom onym ic N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. is Biscogniauxia O. K untze (1891, p. 398) w hich has been published as a new nam e and hence it m ust be autom atically typified w ith th e sam e species as N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. (see A rt. 7.9 of the Code, Stafleu et al. 1978) and this is ypoxylon num m ularium (Bull, ex St.-Amans) Fr. L ater th e re w ere published tw o nam es to replace N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. indep en d en tly of Biscogniauxia O. K untze both being evidently illegitim ate nam es as they w ere superfluous w hen published (Art. 63 of th e Code). The first is K om m am yce N ieuw land (1916) published w ith no generic diagnosis w ith only tw o species included and com bined viz. K om m am yce bulliardii (L. R. et C. Tul.) Nieuwl. and K. lateritia (Ell. et Everh.) Nieuw. The second generic nam e is Num ulariola ouse (1925) published w ith no diagnosis and w ith fo u r species enum erated and com bined i. e. Num ulariola atropunctata (Schw.) ouse, N. discreta (Schw.) ouse, N. num m ularia (Bull, ex St.-Amans) ouse and N. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) ouse. The generic nam e Num ulariola ouse w as la te r applied to a broadly circum scribed genus by M artin (1969, 1976). The recent renam ing of N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. by Eckblad et G ranm o (1978) needs som e com m ent. These authors published a generic nam e N um m u- lariella Eckblad et G ranm o as a nom en novum for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. in the sense of M iller (1932); th ey typified th eir nam e by N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. N um m ulariella Eckblad et G ranm o is a validly published generic nam e because it is based on the latin diagnosis given by M iller (1932, p. 132) and is legitim ate because no generic nam e w as available fo r th e residue to w hich Eckblad et G ranm o restricted th eir genus. As explained by m e on other place do not believe th a t N um m ulariella Eckblad et G ranm o could be sa tisfa c to rily sep arated from Biscogniauxia O. K untze. As Eckblad et G ranm o (1978) convincingly proved th ere is now no hope for th e conservation of th e generic nam e N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul., a conservation recently repeatedly proposed by Jong et B enjam in (1971) and by Pouzar (1977). This refused proposal for conservation (see also D. P. Rogers 1953) now lacks support of mycologists. am now w ith some regret starting to use th e nam e Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze*) as th e correct one for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. Taxonomy of the genus Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze Biscogniauxia O. K untze w as proposed as a nam e change for N um m ularia L. R. et C. Tul. in th e em ended sense of Saccardo (1882). Now we need a new, m ore n atu ral circum scription of this genus because th e trad itio n al one w as based m ostly on characters in ex te rn a l appearance. As th e taxonom y of Biscogniauxia is closely connected w ith developm ent of ideas on taxonom y of N um m ularia, it is necessary to discuss problem s of b oth together. U ntil M iller (1932) refe rred N. bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul. to th e genus ypo- *) T he generic n am e B iscogniauxia O. K u n tze is d eriv ed from th e nam e of th e B elgian b o tan ist C elestin A lfred C o g n i a u x (1841 1916), th e p refix B is- added because of th e ex isten ce of th e generic nam e C ogniauxia. 209

- Č e s k á m y k o l o g i e 33 (4) 1979 xylo n and retained N. discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. in the new ly defined genus N um m ularia in a restricted sense, mycologists believed th a t both species belong together being rath er related. M iller (1932, 1961) separated N. bulliardii from N. discreta referrin g it to an artificial b u t practically circum scribed genus ypoxylon. The m ain feature by w hich he distinguished ypoxylon from N um m ularia is th a t perithecia are situated in basal p a rt of entostrom a and in ypoxylon they are situated in the superficial p art of entostrom a. D uring my study of th e problem it soon appeared th a t this concept is u n n atu ral: 1. N u m m ularia bulliardii in no w ay belongs to the genus ypoxylon Bull, ex Fr. in a restricted, m ore n atu ral sense. 2. T here exists not a single character of generic im portance w hich can be used to separate N um m ularia discreta (Schw.) L. R. et C. Tul. from N um m ularia bulliardii L. R. et C. Tul., but th ere is a num ber of characters common to both species. ence both N um m ularia discreta and N. bulliardii should be assigned to th e sam e genus. The m ost im portant characters common to N um m ularia bulliardii and N. discreta are th e folow ing: 1. th e absence of hyaline exospore in ascospores. 2. absence of bright pigm ents, dissolube in KO. 3. th e plug of asci being fla t w ith the am yloid substance diffusing in th e thickened w all of top of ascus. A n e w species of the genus Biscogniauxia O. Kuntze D uring th e study of th e m icrostructural featu res of B. repanda (Fr. ex J. C. Schm idt) O. K untze it soon appeared th at the Czechoslovak specim ens can be distributed to tw o sharply distinct species: th e proper B. repanda w hich is a m ountainous elem ent confined to Sorbus aucuparia and a new one w hich is a xerotherm ic elem ent confined to R ham nus cathartica. The last one is described here as B iscogniauxia sim plicior spec. nov. Biscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. S tro m ata 1,3 2,7 X 0,8 1,7 cm seu 1,4 2 cm in diam. et 2,7 6,2 m m alta, erum pentia, la te tu rb in a ta, subtus atro-rugosa, m argine ru d e d e n ta ta cum den tib u s uniseriatis, stallatim p aten tib u s seu raro ercctis, disco o rb icu lari seu elliptico, postea glabro atroque, pau lu m seu h au d nitudulo, cum ostiolis p lan is seu u m b ilicatis; stro m a basale in sectione griseum seu albo-griseum in p a rtib u s m arg in alib u s strom atis saepe ligneo- -b ru n n eu m, frag m en tib u s ligni vel corticc im m ersis absentibus sed cum gran u lis a tris copiosis im m ersis. A scosporae (12) 13 16 (17,5) X 5 7 jxm fusiform es seu anguste ellipsoideae, u m b rin o -b ru n n eae, cum fissu ra g erm in ativ a recta u n ila te ra li sp o raru m aequilonga. Asci 120 140 X 6,5 7 cum pedunculo 12 16 ^ m longo, cum stru c tu ra apicali am vloidea disciform i. Species e p ro x im a a ffin ita te B iscogniauxiae repandae (Fr. ex J. C. S chm idt) O. K untze sed d iffert fissu ra g erm in ativ a sp o raru m sim plici (u nilaterali) e t o ccurentia in ram is e t tru n cis R h a m n i catharticae. O ccurit in B ohem ia centrali. olotypus : Č ertova sk ála in te r T ýřovice e t K řivoklát, ad ram o s iacentes R h a m n i catharticae, 18. X. 1977, leg. F. K otlaba et Z. P ouzar, PR M 813733. Biscogniauxia sim plicior Pouz. spec. nov. 8 S trom ata erum pent at m atu rity breaking the bark, definitely restricted in extent and never w idely effused, orbicular to elliptical, tu rb in a te 1,3 2,7 X X 0,8 1,7 cm or 1,4 2 cm in diam, 2,7 6,2 m m thick, contracted strongly below and attached to th e wood by a n arrow base; disc 5 11 m m broad, slightly concave, som etim es flat, at first covered w ith th in lay er of felt w hich is grayish fi to grayish-brow n or pale w oody browrn, la te r calvescent and black, not or only 210