Invertebrates found in underground shelters of western Bohemia. I. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

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1 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 27 Invertebrates found in underground shelters of western Bohemia. I. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Libor Dvořák 1 1 Municipal Museum Mariánské Lázně, Goethovo náměstí 11, CZ Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic Corresponding author: dvorak@muzeum-ml.cz First published online 19 th December 2014 Abstract: Mosquitoes found hibernating in underground shelters were studied in western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Species collected included Culiseta alaskaensis, Cs. annulata, Cs. glaphyroptera, Culex spp., and Anopheles maculipennis s.l.. Culex spp. were the most common, followed by Cs. glaphyroptera and Cs. annulata with few records of Cs. alaskaensis and An. maculipennis s.l.. Culex spp. were found in a variety of shelters, An. maculipennis s.l. preferred cellars, and Cs. alaskaensis where they were found, exhibited little preference. Culiseta annulata and Cs. glaphyroptera were found in similar numbers of cellars, caves, and bunkers, but Cs. glaphyroptera were found more commonly in mines than Cs. annulata. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association 32: 27-32, 2014 Keywords: Culicidae, Culiseta, Culex, Anopheles, hibernation, underground shelters, Czech Republic Introduction Mosquitoes found hibernating in underground shelters in the Czech Republic have only been studied in a few parts of the country. Although some previous data can be found in Pax & Maschke (1935) and Maschke (1936) from north-western Moravia, the first major study evaluating thousands of mosquitoes was published from south Moravia (Minář & Hájková, 1966). Other data has been published from northeast Bohemia (Kramář et al., 1967) and the Třeboň region (Rettich et al., 1978). A very detailed study on mosquitoes including hibernation habits was published by Minář (1975) from the Lipno reservoir area in southern Bohemia. Dvořák (2012) found Cs. glaphyroptera to be a common species found in underground shelters of western Bohemia. In this paper, more data is presented on mosquitoes hibernating in underground shelters in western Bohemia, with a specific objective of further defining the hibernating requirements for Culiseta species. Materials and Methods Mosquitoes were searched for in 217 underground shelters by using a head lamp. In most cases, mosquitoes were counted in the presently studied localities, only in the case of unclear specimens or for the collection of voucher specimens were mosquitoes collected using a killing bottle with ethyl acetate. Mosquitoes were identified using Kramář (1958) and Maslov (1989). The voucher specimens are deposited in the collections of Municipal Museum Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic. Results From a total of 217 localities visited, 4507 specimens (except Culex spp.) of five taxa were found. Altogether, 56 mapping quadrants (6 N, 10 E; ~ 130 km 2 ) were studied (Figure 1). Figure 1. Studied map quadrants, W. Bohemia, Czech Republic Except for the Culex spp., the most common species found was Culiseta glaphyroptera. Culisetea annulata was also commonly found, while Cs. alaskaensis and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. were rarely encountered. Culex spp. was found in more than 90% of the recorded localities, Cs. glaphyroptera in more than 50% of these localities, Cs. annulata was found in almost 40% of these localities, and Cs. alaskaensis and An. maculipennis s.l. were found in ca. 5% of these localities (Figure 2).

2 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 28 Figure 2. Number of localities inhabited by each mosquito species is expressed by percentage (%) Figure 3 depicts the altitude of underground sites surveyed and the associated species found. Cs. annulata is quite common up to ca. 600 m a.s.l. but is rarer in higher altitudes. Cs. glaphyroptera was commonly found from altitudinal ranges of m and higher, while this species is rare in lower altitudes. The presence of all mosquito taxa in the individual localities is shown in Appendix 1. hibernating in caves: one female in the Medvedí Jaskyňa cave in the Slovenský Raj Mts. (Košel, 1976) and 79 females in two caves in the Belianske Tatry Mts. (Košel, 2004). Common occurrences are recorded at the caves of the Polish Tatra mountains. (Kowalski, 1955) and in the mines of south Norway (Kjaerandsen, 1993). Cellars have also been recorded as a hibernation location, e.g., from Uppsala in Sweden (Jaenson, 1987). In the studied region, only 14 females of Cs. alaskaensis have been found in 12 localities in nine mapping quadrants (Figure 4). The altitudinal ranges recorded were from 530 m a.s.l. (Zelená Hora, quadrant 6547 in the cellars of a castle) to 900 m a.s.l. (Ždánov, quadrant 6847, military bunker No. 22). In Mariánské Lázně, quadrant 6042, two females were recorded in the cellars of the hotel Jitřenka, 30.X.2012, while a single female was recorded on all other localities. Figure 3. Number of studied localities and localities occupied by each mosquito species is divided into altitudinal ranges higher than 150 m a.s.l. Culiseta alaskaensis (Ludlow, 1906) A boreo-montane forest species (Minář, 1975, Minář & Halgoš, 1997), which is very rarely found at low altitudes. In the Czech Republic, it is present mainly in hilly and mountainous regions, especially in south Bohemia (Minář, 1975). For example, Cs. alaskaensis was a very rare species in southeast Moravia in the 1990s (Gelbič et al., 2003), but it has not been recorded since 2000 (I. Gelbič, pers. comm.). Similarly this species is rare in lowlands in other central European countries, for example near Balaton Lake in Hungary more than 16,000 adults from the genus Culiseta were caught, of which only 12 adults (0.075%) were of Cs. alaskaensis (Márkus et al., 2009). It is considered a very rare species in Slovakia (Országh et al., 2001; Országh, 2004). Hibernation of Cs. alaskaensis is known from various countries in Europe and from various underground shelters. Minář (1975) found only individual females in three cellars by Lipno Reservoir in Bohemia. A very interesting finding is the hibernation of one female in a cellar in Valtice, south Moravia, Czech Republic, where this species is very rare (Minář & Hájková, 1966). In Slovakia, the species has been found Figure 4. Distribution of Culiseta species in the studied region. Light green background: Cs. annulata, brown quadrants: Cs. glaphyroptera, blue circles: Cs. alaskaensis Culiseta annulata (Schrank, 1776) Culiseta annulata is a common Western Palaearctic species, in the Czech Republic and is widely distributed up to ca m a.s.l. (Kramář, 1958). The hibernation of Cs. annulata in the Czech Republic has been recorded by previous authors of Czech speleobiology. Pax & Maschke (1935) and Maschke (1936) published this species from two caves in the Kralický Sněžník mountains (=Glatzer Schneeberges Mts.). Cellars have previously been reported as the most common hibernation site in northeast Bohemia (Kramář et al., 1967) and in the Třeboň region (Rettich et al., 1978). In a major study conducted in south Moravia 30,000 hibernating mosquitoes were counted, but Cs. annulata was recorded only in individual females in cellars and bunkers (Minář & Hájková, 1966). The authors also noted the hibernation of this species in the caves of the Český Kras karst (Minář & Hájková, 1966). Small numbers of females (9 11 females per 1 m 2 ) have also been recorded in cellars by Lipno Reservoir (Minář, 1962, 1977).

3 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 29 In Slovakia, Cs. annulata has been recorded in a cave in Liptov (Moravčík, 1976) or in Zbojnícka cave (Košel & Horváth, 1996). It is a very common and widely distributed species, so many records of hibernation in underground shelters have been published from various European countries: in cellars in Croatia (Merdić, 1989, 1990, Merdić & Vujičić- Karlo, 2005), in mines in south Norway (Kjaerandsen, 1993), in a cellar near Uppsala in Sweden (Jaenson, 1987), in caves in Montii Banatului in Romania (Boitan & Negrea, 2001), in caves in Oltenia in Romania (Motas et al., 1967) and in caves by Montpellier in south France (Gazave et al., 2001, only four female Cs. annulata from more than 1,500 mosquitoes). In the studied region, 1,113 female Cs. annulata were found in 85 localities from 41 mapping quadrants (Figure 4). It is the third most common mosquito found hibernating in underground shelters. It is widely distributed in the entire studied region and with the exception of the highest altitudes, it has been found from 300 m a.s.l. (Krašov, quadrant 6047, in cellars by a castle) up to 780 a.s.l. (Amálino Údolí valley, quadrant 6847, in Bedřich mine). This fact corresponds with the results of Kramář (1958), who has documented Cs. annulata from a maximum altitude of 1000 m. Culiseta annulata hibernates as either single specimens or in smaller numbers up to several dozens of females. The highest numbers were found in the following localities: Chotěšov, quadrant 6345, in the cellar of a monastery, 3.II.2014 (177 females), Čepice, quadrant 6747, in a mine, 25.XII.2011 (69 females), 17.XI.2012 (39 females); Bečov nad Teplou, quadrant 5943, in a mine under a railroad, 30.X.2013 (57 females); Karlovy Vary, 5743, in a mine behind Thermal, 30.X.2013 (56 females); and Cheb, 5940, and in a cellar in a castle court, 24.I.2013 (50 females). These findings are in contrast to the study of Minář (1975), who did not found such large numbers of Cs. annulata. Also one male was found in one shelter: Čepice, quadrant 6747, mine, 25.XII Culiseta glaphyroptera (Schiner, 1864) This species is considered as an endemic species which has been recorded in mountainous areas of Central Europe (Kramář, 1958, Minář, 1975, Minář & Halgoš, 1997), particularly at lower altitudes in shaded rivers and stream valleys (Kramář et al., 1967). In Slovakia, where the mosquito fauna has been well studied, Cs. glaphyroptera was only recorded in six localities (Minář & Halgoš, 1997). Országh et al. (2001) and Országh (2004) listed Cs. glaphyroptera from seven mapping quadrants in the following mountain ranges: Malá Fatra, High Tatra, Belianské Tatry, Slovenský Ráj, and Vihorlat. Studies similar to those in Slovakia are lacking from the Czech Republic. Culiseta glaphyroptera were recorded in several mountainous and sub-mountain regions: Jizerské Hory, Krušné Hory (Ore mountains), Hubý Jeseník (Altvater mountains), Českomoravská Vrchovina highlands (all Kramář, 1958), the Lipno Reservoir surroundings (Minář, 1962, 1977), northwestern Bohemia (Kramář et al., 1967), Třeboň region (Rettich et al., 1978), and the planned Hněvkovice Reservoir surroundings (Olejníček & Kohn, 1987). For the list of these localities see Dvořák (2012). In the most recent Red List of invertebrates of the Czech Republic Cs. glaphyroptera is listed as a vulnerable species (VU) and is one of the seven of the rarest species in the Czech Republic (Minář, 2005). The situation in Slovakia is similar: Cs. glaphyroptera is listed as one of four vulnerable species (Jedlička & Stloukalová, 2001). As Dvořák (2012) recorded, Cs. glaphyroptera should be removed from the Red List of both countries and listed as a common species. Figure 5. Distribution of Culiseta glaphyroptera in the Western Palaearctic The southernmost European localities are from Bulgaria (Bozhkov, 1959, Dvořák, 2012). The records from Iran are doubtful (Azari-Hamidian, 2007). A Greek checklist (Samanidou-Voyadjoglou & Darsie, 1993) includes Cs. glaphyroptera as a member of Greek fauna based on distribution only, and Snow & Ramsdale (1999) did not include Cs. glaphyroptera in the list of Greek fauna. Unexpected new records of Cs. glaphyroptera were published from northeast Algeria (Boudemagh, 2013). The newest European records of Cs. glaphyroptera were published from Germany, where this species is rare (Kampen et al., 2013). The distribution of Cs. glaphyroptera in Europe and North Africa is shown on Figure 5. The published records of hibernating specimens are very scarce. There are records in a cave cellar in Mutzig in France (Eckstein, 1918), in a cave in Lower Austria (Martini, 1925), and in Slovakia where five females were found in Vlčie Diery cave in the Slovenský Ráj mountains. (Košel, 1999) and seven females in two caves of the Belianské Tatry mountains. (Košel, 2004). Minář (1975) found individual females in cellars by Lipno Reservoir in the Czech Republic. In the studied region, 3,290 females Cs. glaphyroptera have been found at 112 localities in 37 mapping quadrants (Figure 4). It is the second most common mosquito hibernating in underground shelters and a widely distributed species. The altitudinal level of localities varies from 340 m a.s.l. (Holýšov, quadrant 6344, mine in the Hradecká Skála rock) up to 940 m a.s.l. (Ždánov, quadrant 6847, military bunker No. 4). Culiseta glaphyroptera hibernates either as individual females, or in dozens, but scarcely in mass numbers. The highest numbers have been counted at the following localities: Broumov, quadrant 6142, in the cellars of Jánský castle, 26.XI.2013 (326 females), 16.I.2013 (236 females), 29.XII.2011 (201 females); Výškov, quadrant 6042, in a mine Starostova, 12.XI.2013 (202 females); Vysoká-Háj, quadrant 6041, Dyleňská cave, 29.X.2013 (183 females), 31.XII.2011 (105 females); Vítkov, quadrant 5841, in an ammunition depot of a former quarry, 13.II.2014 (148 females); Vysoká-Háj, quadrant 6041, in a cellar of a former gamekeeper s lodge, 29.X.2013 (138 females), 12.I.2012 (136 females), Výškov, quadrant 6042, mine Trampský Převis, 12.XI.2013 (113 females), and Výškovice, quadrant 6042, in a mine Parukářka, 10.XI.2012 (111 females).

4 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 30 Figure 6. The present known distribution of glaphyroptera in the Czech Republic Culiseta Also material of several hibernating females from east Bohemia (Krušné Hory mountains), central Bohemia (Český Kras karst and Prague), south Bohemian plateaux (Blatná environs), and east Moravia (Moravskoslezské Beskydy mountains) have been studied by the author. The present known distribution in the Czech Republic is based on published data and records of hibernating mosquitos is shown in Figure 6. Culex spp. Only small numbers of Culex spp. females were collected and identified. Only Cx. torrentium and Cx. pipiens s.l. were found. Identification of females of Cx. torrentium and Cx. pipiens is very difficult and identification can accurately be made in only a few specimens (Onyeka, 1982; Jaenson, 1987). No Cx. territans Walker, 1856 or Cx. hortensis Ficalbi, 1889 were found. With this in mind all records are listed as Culex spp. A common species, Cx. pipiens s.l. is collected practically in all of Europe. Thousands of specimens are often collected. So, the hibernation habits are well known, e.g., in a cellar by Uppsala in Sweden (Jaenson, 1987; together with Cx. torrentium and Cx. territans), in a cave in Olteina in Romania (Motas et al., 1967), in a cave by Montpellier in southern France (Gazave et al., 2001; together with Cx. hortensis), in mines in southern Norway (Kjaerandsen, 1993; together with Cx. territans), in the Zbojnícka cave in Little Carpathians in Slovakia (Košel & Horváth, 1996), in caves in the Belianske Tatry mountains in Slovakia (Košel, 2004), in caves in the Liptov region in Slovakia (Moravčík, 1976; together with Cx. torrentium) or in caves in Croatia (Merdić, 1989, 1990; Merdić & Vujičić-Karlo, 2005). Minář (1975) regarded Cx. pipiens as the most common mosquito found in cellars by Lipno Reservoir with large numbers collected up to 6,280 females per 1 m 2. In the present research, it is the most common species that occurred in 203 localities (93%) in 55 mapping quadrants (Figure 7), quite often it is found in huge numbers (these however were not counted). Also one male of Cx. pipiens s.l. was found in one shelter: Broumov, quadrant 6142, in the cellars of Jánský castle, 26.XI Anopheles maculipennis s.l. This complex includes several species, from which only two could be found hibernating in west Bohemia: An. maculipennis s.s. Meigen, 1818 and An. messeae Falleroni, Females could be identified with some difficulties by using scale index of the wings (e.g. Dirlbek, 1954). The studied specimens were identified as An. messeae, but owing to morphological complexities, these are listed here as An. maculipennis s.l. Both species are widely distributed throughout most of Europe, with An. maculipennis s.s. having a wider overall distribution (Snow & Ramsdale, 1999). The hibernation of An. maculipennis s.l. at various sites were published, e.g. Eckstein (1918). In the Czech Republic, the hibernation habits were observed in cold cellars in the Třeboň region (Rettich et al., 1978) or in south Moravia (Minář & Hájková, 1966). Minář (1975) found both species in cellars by Lipno Reservoir. Although specimens of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. prefer other shelters, they could be found hibernating in cold cellars (Minář, 1975). For example, other records were published from cellars in Osijek in Croatia (Merdić, 1990; Merdić & Vujičić-Karlo, 2005), from a cave near Montpellier in southern France (Gazave et al., 2001) or from a cellar by Uppsala in Sweden (Jaenson, 1987). Figure 7 Distribution of Culex spp. (light green backround) and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (blue circles) in the studied region Some authors separate both species and published records of An. maculipennis s.s. hibernating in the Třeboň region (Rettich et al., 1978) and by Montpellier (Gazave et al., 2001), An. messeae in Osijek (Merdić, 1990; Merdić & Vujičić-Karlo, 2005), while both species were found in south Moravia (Minář & Hájková, 1966) and by Lipno Reservoir (Minář, 1975). In the studied region, 90 females An. maculipennis s.l. have been found on 14 localities in nine mapping quadrants (Figure 7). The highest situated locality is Tři Sekery, 6041, cellar by the house No. 21 (665 m. a.s.l.). Minář (1975) stated that records of An. messeae higher than 700 m a.s.l. was very surprising. Only two mass hibernacula have been discovered: Tři Sekery, quadrant 6041, in a cellar by a house No. 21, 18.XII.2011 (23 females) and Dolní Žandov, quadrant 5941, cellar of a house by a former military training area, 7.I.2012 (21 females).

5 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 31 Figure 4. Distribution of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. in the studied region. Discussion and conclusion Five taxa of mosquitoes were found in western Bohemia during research of underground hibernacula. Culex spp. are common everywhere and they occur in various underground shelters throughout the whole studied region. Culiseata glaphyroptera is the second most common mosquito species, found mainly at medium and higher altitudes. The third most common species is Cs. annulata which is widely distributed and is quite common except in higher altitudes. Culiseta alaskaensis is probably a very rare species, not only in underground shelters, but probably throughout the Czech Republic. Anopheles maculipennis s.l. is rarely found hibernating in underground shelters. 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6 Vol. 32 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 32 Kramář, J., Chalupský, J. & Minář, J. (1967): Komáři Severočeského kraje [Die Mücken der Nordbömischen Kreises]. Sborník severočeského muzea, přírodní vědy, 3, (in Czech, German summary). Martini, E. (1925): Zwei bemerkenswerte Culiciden von einem eigenartigen Biotop. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 12(5 6), Maschke, K. (1936): Die Höhlenfauna des Glatzer Schneeberges. 5. Die Metazoenfauna der Bergwerke bei Mährisch-Altstadt. Beiträge zur Biologie des Glatzer Schneeberges, Heft 2, , Breslau. Maslov, A.V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. English translation by Amerind Publishing Company, New Delhi, India 248 pp. (Original in Russian: Krovososushchie komary podtriby Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoĭ fauny. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim, Instittutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, Number 93, Nauka Publishers, Leningrad, USSR, 1967). Merdić, E. (1989): Fluctuation of the number of mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae [sic!]) in cellars in the winter period in Osijek. Periodicum Biologorum, 91(1), Merdić, E. (1990): Prezimljavanje komaraca (Dipt., Culicidae) u podrumina na području grada Osijeka [Hibernation of mosquitoes (Dipt. Culicidae) in cellars in town Osijek, Croatia, Yugoslavia]. Acta entomologica Jugoslavica, 23(1 2), (in Croatian, English summary). Merdić, E. & Vujičić-Karlo, S. (2005): Two type sof hibernation of Culex pipienes komplex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Croatia. Entomologica Croatica, 9(1 2), Minář, J. (1962) Ekologická studie komárů a dalších skupin parazitického dvoukřídlého hmyzu na větších umělých vodních nádržích [Ecological study of mosquitoes and other groups of parasitic flies on large artificial water reservoirs]. Ms., unpubl., dissertation, Parasitological institute of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 180 pp. Minář, J. (1977): Vliv hydrotechnických změn při výstavbě Lipenské vodní nádrže na výskyt komárů [The influence of hydrotechnical changes on the incidence of mosquitoes in the Lipno reservoir]. Acta Sci. Nat. Mus. Bohem. Merid., 15, Suppl. 1, 1 75 (In Czech; Engl. summ.). Minář, J. (2005): Culicidae (komárovití) [Family: Culicidae], p In: Farkač, J., Král, D. & Škorpík, M. (eds): Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí [Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic. Invertebrates]. Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha, 760 pp. (in Czech and English). Minář J. & Hájková Z. (1966): Knowledge on the hibernation of mosquitoes in our territory, especially in South Moravia. Folia Parasitologica, 13, Minář J. & Halgoš J. (1997): Zoogeographically significant mosquitoes in the territory of Bohemia and Slovakia. In: Vaňhara J. & Rozkošný R. (eds), Dipterologica bohemoslovaca. Vol. 8. Folia Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. Masaryk. Brun., Biol., 95, Moravčík, P. (1976): Ročná dynamika niektorých čeľadí Dipter (Culicidae, Heleomyzidae) vo vybraných jaskyniach Liptova [Year dynamics of some dipteran families (Culicidae, Heleomyzidae) in selected caves of the Lipton region]. Ms., unpubl., diploma thesis (Faculty of Biology, Komenius University, Bratislava), 60 pp., Appendix 21 pp. Motas, C., Decou, V. & Buyghele, A. (1967): Sur ľassociation pariétala des Grottes D Olténie. Annales se Speleologie, XXII (3), Olejníček, J. & Kohn, M. (1987) Komáři oblasti budoucí přehrady u Hněvkovic a několik poznámek k fauně komárů jižních Čech [Mosquitoes in the prospective Hněvkovice Dam Lake Region, including some notes on the mosquito fauna of South Bohemia]. Sborník Jihočeského Muzea v Českých Budějovicích, Přírodní Vědy 27, Onyeka, J. O. A. (1982): The taxonomic value of pre-alar scales in the identification of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. and Culex (Cx.) torrentium Martini (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 14 (l), Országh, I. (2004): Catalogue of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Slovakia. Biologia, Bratislava, 59/Suppl. 15, Országh, I., Halgoš, J., Jalili, N. & Labuda, M. (2001): Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Slovakia II. European Mosquito Bulletin, 11 (2001), Pax, F. & Maschke, K. (1935): Die Höhlenfauna des Glatzer Schneeberges. 1. Die rezente Metazoenfauna. Beiträge zur Biologie des Glatzer Schneeberges, Heft 1, 4 72, Breslau. Rettich, F., Albert, J. & Kadlčík, K. (1978): A study on the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Třeboň basin. In: Országh I. (ed.), Dipterologica bohemoslovaca 1. Veda, Bratislava, pp Samanidou-Voyadjoglou, A. & Darsie, R. F, Jr. (1993): An annotated checklist and bibliography of the mosquitoes of Greece (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 25(3): Snow, K. & Ramsdale, C. (1999): Distribution chart for European mosquitoes. European Mosquito Bulletin, 3,

7 Dvorak, L. (2014). Invertebrates found in underground shelters of western Bohemia. I. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association. 32: 27-32, Appendix Locality Quad Stand m a.s.l. C. alas. C. annul. C. glap. Culex A. macul. Liblín 6047 cellars of a distillery 290 Krašov 6047 cellars by a castle 300 Chrást 6246 culvert under the railway 310 Kozojedy 6047 mine No Plzeň 6246 cellar of a house Božkovské náměstí Plzeň 6246 cellar of a house Tylova No Plzeň 6246 cellar of a house Bendova No Stříbro 6244 mine Marie 330 Holýšov 6344 mine in Hradecká skála rock 340 Kočín 6046 mine 350 Chotěšov 6345 cellars of a monastery 355 Plzeň 6246 cellar of a house Rokycanská No Stříbro 6244 exemplary stope by a mine Prokop 365 Kamenec 6147 mine 370 Karlovy Vary 5743 mine by hotel Thermal 370 Stříbro 6244 ammunition depot 50 m NNE of mine Prokop 370 Stříbro 6244 mine Dloutý tah 370 Stříbro 6244 mine Prokop 370 Rokycany 6247 cellars of a house No Stříbro 6244 mine Cecílie 375 Stříbro 6243 mine Sv. Jan na poušti 380 Stříbro 6243 mine Všech Svatých 380 Butov 6244 Malovická mine 385 Horšovský Týn 6443 cellar of a castle 385 Karlovy Vary 5743 cellars of a hotel Sevastopol 385 Kamenec 6147 mine Dolní by a road 390 Kamenec 6147 mine Horní by a road 390 Kladruby 6243 mine Koruna 390 Kladruby 6243 mine by mine Jakub 395 Stará Role 5743 mine Bažantí vrch II 395 Svojšín 6243 mine by kinder camp Radar 395 Šipín 6144 bunker by the bridge above Úterský stream 395 Švihov 6545 cellars of a castle 395 Klatovy 6645 cellars of a house Plzeňská No Klatovy 6645 cellars of a house Vančurova No Ohnišťovice 6443 mine by a pond 400 Kladruby 6243 cellars of a monastery 410 Vydřiduch 6247 mine 410 Gutštejn 6144 cellars of a castle 425

8 Cheb 5940 cellars of a house Balthasara Neumanna Prácheň 6648 mine 435 Hřebeny 5741 mine Petrova 440 Ohnišťovice 6443 colliery behind Kulich site 440 Svinná 6147 cellars of a castle 440 Hřebeny 5741 mine Velikonoční 445 Cheb 5940 baroque casemate in the castle wall 445 Cheb 5940 cellars of a museum 450 Cheb 5940 cellars on a castle court 450 Chrastavice 6543 cellar of a house No Pomezná 5839 cellars of a strong-hold 450 Boučí 5741 mine L 455 Červený vrch 6543 lower mine 455 Hřebeny 5741 mine by a tramp camp 455 Cheb 5940 crypt of cordelier church 460 Oloví 5741 mine by a framery 460 Klášter Teplá 6043 cellars of a monastery 465 Klášter Teplá 6043 cellars of a scout base 465 Starý Rybník 5840 cellars of a castle 465 Hřebeny 5741 cellars of a brewery 470 Hřebeny 5741 brewery cellars 470 Loreta 6645 mine 470 Roupov 6445 cellars of a castle 470 Letiny 6446 cellars of a house No Staré Sedlo 5842 mine in a quarry 480 Starý Rybník 5840 mine 480 Červený vrch 6543 mine 485 Hartenberk 5741 cellars of a castle 485 Pec 6642 cellars of a house No Čepice 6747 mine 500 Rabí 6747 cellars of a castle 500 Žihle 5946 cellars of a house No Planá 6142 cellars of a house Tylova Bečov nad Teplou 5942 cellars of a hotelu No Bečov nad Teplou 5943 mine under railroad 510 Vítkov 5842 ammunition depot of the former quarry 510 Bečov nad Teplou 5942 mine 515 Dlouhá Ves 6846 mine by a bridge 520 Kyselecký Hamr 5940 cellar 520 Rozsedly 6747 cellar in a garden in NE part of a village 520 Svatobor 5744 cellars of a former rectory 520 Čkyně 6848 cellars by a castle 525 Hrad Nečtiny 6044 cellar under castle by a stream 525 Kraslice 5641 brewery cellars 525 Rotava 5741 underground lime quarry 525 Valeč 5845 Šibeniční vrch hill, mine 525 Bečov nad Teplou 5943 cellars of a castle 530 Bečov nad Teplou 5942 little cellar by a turning to Louka 530

9 Zelená Hora 6547 cellars of a castle 530 Chanovec 6747 mine 540 Dubina 5744 Skalky Skřítků NNM, pseudokarst cave 540 Kraslice 5641 mine behind the factory Kraslice 5641 mine behind the factory Kraslice 5641 mine in Skalní street 540 Valeč 5845 cellars of an administrative house of a castle 545 Valeč 5845 cellars of a castle 545 Valeč 5845 cellar in a wall 545 Hazlov 5839 mine by a stream 550 Michalovy Hory 6042 mine Barbora 550 Valeč 5845 cellars in the castle park 550 Výškov 6042 mine Trampský převis 550 Podhradí 5739 cellars of former Spodní castle 555 Podhradí 5739 cellar with a mushrooms 555 Podhradí 5739 cellar in a castle wall under the church 555 Podhradí 5739 cellar under red ash trees 555 Rotava 5641 mine Wolframová 555 Trdlina 6142 mine 555 Výškov 6042 mine Pokojíček 555 Broumov 6141 cellars of Jánský castle 560 Hazlov 5839 mine by a railstation 560 Rotava-Samoty 5641 mine by a stream 560 Dolní Žandov 5941 cellars of a house by military training area 565 Horní Luby 5740 cellars of a castle 565 Horní Slavkov 5842 cellars behind of a gas station 565 Horní Slavkov 5842 cellars of a rectory 570 Okrouhlé Hradiště 6143 mine in a quarry 570 Palič 5940 cellars of a strong-hold 570 Palič 5940 cellar under a hayloft 570 Strašín 6847 cave 570 Výškov 6042 mine Labyrint 570 Nové Městečko 6044 cellars of a castle Preitenštejn 575 Úšovice 6042 cellars of a rectory 575 Kraslice 5641 cellars in the area of former factory 575 Horní Slavkov 5842 cellar in the road turn 580 Podhradí 5739 cellars of former castle Neuschloss 580 Podhradí 5739 cellar in a hollow way 580 Stichlův Mlýn 5743 mine 580 Výškov 6042 mine Věra 580 Zámek Kynžvart 5941 cellars of a brewery 580 Zámek Kynžvart 5941 cellar in a rock 580 Podhradí 5739 cellars behind Neuschloss castle 585 Sudslavice 6948 Sudslavická cave 585 Výškov 6142 mine Svatá Anna 585 Černá Řeka 6542 mine 590 Nejdek 5642 mine behind a garrage 585 Pivoň 6542 cellars of a monastery 590

10 Výškov 6042 mine Starostova 590 Skoky 5944 right mine under a church 595 Velhartice 6746 mine 595 Kostelní Bříza 5841 cellars in a castle park 605 Kostelní Bříza 5841 cellars in a castle park II 605 Toužim 5943 cellars of a castle 605 Výškov 6042 mine Mramorová 605 Výškov 6042 mine Mezipatro 605 Výškov 6042 mine Mramorová 605 Výškov 6042 mine Pod hradem 605 Krásná Lípa 5941 cellar by a patch 610 Mýtina 5940 bunker A 610 Mariánské Lázně 6042 cellars behind the town swimming pool 615 Mýtina 5940 bunker B 615 Nový Dvůr 6043 Röllerův Mlýn, cellar of a ruin 615 Skoky 5944 cellars of a former tavern 615 Luka 5844 brewery cellars 625 Pístov 6042 cellar behind a rectory 625 Krásná Lípa 5941 cellars of a former castle 630 Smrčina 5739 cellar of a manor 630 Velhartice 6746 cellars of a castle 635 Mariánské Lázně 6042 cellars of the hotel Split 640 Mariánské Lázně 6042 cellars of the hotel Jitřenka 640 Mariánské Lázně 6042 cellars of a museum 640 Mariánské Lázně 6042 cellars under a rectory in Nehrova No Nejdek 5642 mine in a serpentine 640 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Průchodná 645 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Veřejné záchodky 650 Boučí-Nové Domy 5741 mine No Amálino údolí 6847 mine A 655 Amálino údolí 6847 mine B 655 Výškovice 6042 mine U silnice 655 Tři Sekery 6041 cellars of a council 660 Poustka 6041 mine 665 Tři Sekery 6041 cellar of a house No Tři Sekery 6041 cellar of a house in W part of the village 665 Tři Sekery 6041 cellars of a school 665 Tři Sekery 6041 cellar by the house No Krásná 5738 mine U sečtělého bezdomovce 670 Mariánské Lázně 6042 water house on the Žižkův vrch hill 670 Tři Sekery 6041 cellars of the restaurant No Nová Ves 5942 upper mine 675 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Myší díra 680 Nezdice 6847 Fík cave 680 Vysoká-Háj 6041 cellar by a sagging 685 Kraslice 5641 mine Tisovec 690 Vysoká Pec 5642 štola 690 Výškovice 6042 cellar of a ruin 690

11 Výškovice 6042 mine Parukářka 690 Výškovice 6042 mine S jezírkem 690 Vysočany 6042 cellars of a manor 695 Výškovice 6042 mine Šikmá plocha 695 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Kristýna 700 Mariánské Lázně 6042 mine by Zoo am Berg 700 Vysoká-Háj 6041 cellar of a lime-kiln 700 Výškovice 6042 mine Horní Hrom 700 Výškovice 6042 mine Jeskyně Inků 700 Vysoká-Háj 6041 Dyleňská cave 705 Vysoká-Háj 6041 Hájská cave 705 Vysoká-Háj 6041 cellar of a former gamekeeper's lodge 705 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Dóm 715 Amálino údolí 6847 mine II 720 Podzuklín 6847 cellar in a rock 730 Nežichov 5944 mine 750 Zlatý vrch 5845 mine 750 Čistá 5842 Jeroným mine 760 Amálino údolí 6847 mine Překvapení 770 Prameny 5942 mine Manganová 770 Zádub 6042 cellars of a house No Amálino údolí 6847 mine Bedřich 780 Lázně Kynžvart 5941 mine Spletená 780 Pernink 5642 mine Červená 840 Ryžovna 5543 mine Dolní Perníková 850 Jelení u Nových Hamrů 5541 mine Neomys 870 Ždánov 6847 bunker Žlíbek 6847 bunker Žlíbek 6847 bunker Ždánov 6847 bunker Ždánov 6847 bunker Pernink 5642 mine behind the railstation 815 Ždánov 6847 small cellar 930 Ždánov 6847 bunker Ryžovna 5643 bunker by a radiostation 1040