Inovativní Reaktorové Systémy a Program ÚJV Řež a.s. v rámci mezinárodní spolupráce I. Váša, ÚJV Řež a.s.
The basic energy facts Energy self sufficiency is impossible to achieve The Union s growing dependence on external sources of supply Green Paper Europe-30: total energy (reference scenario in mtoe) 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 consumption net imports production EU 30: external dependence per energy product 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Solid fuels Oil Natural gas Total Impact on the European Union 1990 2000 2010 2020
Varující tendence E Tvrdý trh Trend-odkaz Předpověď Cíl Zpětná analýza 10 20 100
Primary energy consumption World 2050: 23 Gtoe (10 Gtoe in 2001) Oil & Gas: 5 Gtoe each RES + Nuclear: 6 Gtoe Coal: 7 Gtoe (almost 1/3) Europe 2050: 2.6 Gtoe (2 Gtoe in 2001) Oil & Gas: 0.6 Gtoe each RES + Nuclear: 1 Gtoe Coal: 0.5 Gtoe (1/5) 2 5 P r im a r y C o n s u m p tio n - W o r ld 3 0 0 0 P rim a ry C o n su m p tio n - E u ro p e Gtoe 2 0 1 5 1 0 R e n e w a b le s N u c le a r C o a l G a s O il Mtoe 2 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 R e n ew a b le s N u cle a r C o a l G as O il 5 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 5 0
Primary Energy [PJ] CO2 Emissions [Gt CO2] The continuation of the fossil paradigm: a possible but narrow sustainable path between depletion of exhaustible ressources and capture-storage of CO2 120000.00 8 100000.00 7 80000.00 6 60000.00 5 40000.00 4 3 20000.00 2 1 0 0.00 Emissions Stored Total 2010 2020 2030 Europe 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar Gas Oil Coal + Lignite Biomass 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 Coal comes back as the major energy source, used through electricity, hydrogen and synthetic fuels. More CO2 captured and stored than released after 2080 to cope with a 10% decrease of CO2 emissions every 10 years.
CCS World CCS: 14% of thermal electricity production in 2050 Europe CCS: 11% of thermal electricity production in 2050
H 2 production Hydrogen Production - World Hydrogen Production - Europe Mtoe 350 300 250 200 150 100 Grid Renewables Nuclear Coal Gas Mtoe 60 50 40 30 20 Grid Renewables Nuclear Coal Gas 50 10 0 2001 2010 2020 2030 2050 0 2001 2010 2020 2030 2050
Ropné zásoby (Zdroj:OPEC)
Installed capacity of Czech electricity sources 22% 0% Steam power stations Steam-gas power stations Gas-fired power stations 7% 6% 1% 3% 61% Hydroelectric plants Pumped-storage plants Nuclear power plants Alternative plants
Lifetime of the Installed Sources 18000 16000 Installed power (MWe) 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 Years 2027 2030 2033 2036 2039 Independent producers up to 50MW-CCGT Independent producers up to 50MW-SCGT Independent producers up to 50MW-TPS Independent producers over 50MW-CCGT Independent producers over 50MW-SCGT Independent producers over 50MW-TPS Independent producers over 50MW-WPS ČEZ-Thermal power stations (TPS) ČEZ-Nuclear power plants (NPP) ČEZ-Wind-power stations (WPS) ČEZ-Hydro-power stations (HPS) ČEZ-Pump storage hydroelectric stations (PSPS)
Bioenergy potential in the EU 25 % 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 003 2 010 2 030 %
Využití/vyčerpání uranových zásob
GIF - Generation IV Initiative
Charakteristické prvky zdokonalení projektů JE III. generace GEN II GEN III účinnost ~ 30% 33-36% koeficient pohotovosti 80-90% min. 90% projektová životnost primárního potrubí a tlakové nádoby kumulativní frekvence poškození aktivní zóny 30-40 let 60 let <10-4 reaktor rok -1 <10-5 reaktor rok -1 bezpečnostní systémy chlazení aktivní zóny aktivní pasivní nebo aktivní se zvýšenou spolehlivostí využití paliva typu MOX není zaručeno ano
GEN IV Systems Gas Cooled Fast Reactor, GFR Lead Cooled Fast Reactor, LFR Molten Salt Reactor, MSR Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor, SFR Super-Critical Water Cooled Reactor, SCWR Very High Temperature Reactor, VHTR.
Crosscutting GEN IV R&D Topics Fuel Cycle Fuel and Materials Energy Products Risk and Safety Economics Proliferation Resistance
200 C 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 C Výroba skla Výroba cementu Výroba oceli Elektřina - plynová turbína Zplyňování uhlí Vodík (SI proces) Vodík (parní reforming) Temperature field for the industrial production needs Ethylen Styren Svítiplyn Petrochemie rafinace Desulfurizace těžkých ropných frakcí Celuóza Syntéza močoviny Desalinace, dálkové vytápění Aplikace 850-1500 C HTGR 850 C LMFBR LWR, HWR 320 C 550 C Jaderné teplo
From broad consensus of the different models and covering all SD objectives the following technologies appear to be suitable candidates for R&D funding: Technologies Electric/Hybrid passenger car Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cells Wind Turbines Onshore CO2 capture (coal) Nuclear Hydrogen from Biomass Supercritical Pulverised Coal Hydrogen car Biomass Gasification Power Plant Wind Turbines Offshore
Potenciál jednotlivých systémů Gen IV z hlediska stanovených cílů Výroba elektřiny Obojí Výroba vodíku SCWR GFR VHTR SFR LFR MSR 500 C ==> Výstupní teplota ==> 1000 C