Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1 Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 30 The Czech Republic geography and history Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová 30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD 1 1 THE CZECH REPUBLIC GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY... 2 1.1 SURFACE... 2 1.2 RIVERS... 3 1.3 CLIMATE... 3 1.4 HISTORY... 3 1.5 POLITICAL SYSTEM... 3 1.6 FLAG... 4 1.7 FEEDBACK... 4 2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA... 5 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 6
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál se zabývá geografií a historií České republiky. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž kontrolní cvičení. 1
1 The Czech Republic geography and history Area: 78,866 square kilometres (comparable to Ireland) Population: 10,287,189 inhabitants Member of NATO since 1999 Member of EU since 2004 1.1 Surface The most dominant feature of the geography of the Czech Republic is the Bohemian Massif. The geography of Czech Republic comprises of part of Silesia, Bohemia and Moravia. The Czech Republic is a land locked country bordered by the Slovak Republic to the east, Austria to the south, Germany to the west, and Poland to the north. The Czech Republic has a total area of 78,864 square kilometers. Maximum distance from east to west is 490 km, north to south 280 km.the geography of the country is marked by a terrain which is very diverse and includes plateau, highlands as well as lowlands. The mountain ranges border much of the country. Krkonose meaning Giant Mountains are the highest mountains in the Czech Republic containing the highest point in the country, the Sněžka at 1,602 metres. Other important mountain ranges are Hruby Jesenik which means Ash Montains, the Beskydy Mountains, and the Sumava mountain range. The Eagle Mountains in the north are known for their spas and ski resorts. 2
1.2 Rivers The Elbe is the most important river for shipping, and it empties into the North Sea. Its most important tributary, the Vltava with its numerous dams, e.g. Lipno, Slapy, Orlík, is the longest Czech river. The Morava with its tributaries, e.g. the Dyje, the Jihlava, the Svratka, empties into the Danube and finally into the Black Sea. The Oder empties into the Baltic Sea. South Bohemia is famous for its fish ponds near Třeboň. 1.3 Climate The Czech Republic has a humid continental climate with cold Winter and warm summers. Rainfall is genarally heaviest dutiny the summer months. There are often floods in summer. 1.4 History Beginning in the 4th century B.C., Celtic tribes settled in the region, followed by Germanic and Slavic tribes. The country began to form in the 9th century with the creation of Great Moravia. After its fall, the Czech state emerged with help from the Premyslids. The kingdom of Bohemia was important and powerful in the region, but conflicts like the Hussite Wars in the 15th century and the 30 Years War (the 17th century) hurt it. Under the reign of the Habsburgs it became part of the Empire of Austria Hungary. This empire collapsed after WWI, and together with its Slovak neighbours, the Czechs formed a new country, known as Czechoslovakia. WWII was again destructive to the country, which was occupied by the Germans. After the war ended, Czechoslovakia fell under the influence of the Soviet Union. The country remained a communist state until the peaceful revolution in 1989. The Czechs and Slovaks split, and in 1993, the country we call the Czech Republic was put on the map. 1.5 Political system The Czech Republic adopted a new constitution, creating a prliamentary democracy, in 1993. The president of the country is elected by the Chamber of Deputies for a five-year term, and may serve only two terms. The President appoints the Prime Minister. On the adice of the Prime Minister the President aso appoints the members of the cabinet. The Czech Parlament consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house). All citizens over the age of 18 can vote. As of January 1, 2000, the Czech Republic is divided into 14 regions. 3
1.6 Flag The Czech Republic's flag is red, white and blue which are traditionally Slavic colors and many of its neighbor flags include them. On the left is a blue triangle, which was added to the flag in 1918 to represent Slovakia. The top band is white; the bottom band is red, the traditional colors of Bohemia and Moravia. 1.7 Feedback Fill in the missing facts Official name: Capital: Area: Population: Official languague: Highest peak: Major revers: Formo f Government: Head of state: Head of Government: Legislature: Describe the flag: 4
2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 5
3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 6