tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky;

tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; 40ok okf"kzd izfrosnu ¼1 vizsy 2009 ls 31 ekpz 2010 rd½ ubz fnyyh&110067

vuqøef.kdk i`"b l[;k eq[; v'k 1 & 12 vk[;ku 13 & 16 'ksf{kd dk;zøe vksj izos'k 17 & 22 fo'ofo ky; ds fudk; 23 & 26 llfkku vksj dsunz 27 & 254 dyk vksj lksun;z'kkl= llfkku 27 & 38 tso izks ksfxdh llfkku 39 & 44 di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku 45 & 50 i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku 51 & 58 vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku 59 & 90 lx.kdh;,o lesfdr fokku llfkku 91 & 96 Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku 97 & 120 thou fokku llfkku 121 & 134 HkkSfrd fokku llfkku 135 & 144 lkekftd fokku llfkku 145 & 232 fof/k vksj vfhk'kklu v/;;u dsuæ 233 & 238 llñr v/;;u dsuæ 239 & 248 vk.kfod fpfdrlk&'kkl= dsuæ 249 & 254 vdknfed LVkQ dkyst 255 55 & 262 62 Nk= xfrfof/k;k 263 63 & 270 70 detksj oxks± ds fy, dy;k.kdkjh ;kstuk, 271 71 & 276 76 fo'ofo ky; iz'kklu 277 77 & 279 79 fo'ofo ky; foùk 280 80 & 282 82 ikb~;sùkj xfrfof/k;k 283 83 & 290 90 ;ksu mrihm+u ds fo:) tsmj losnu'khyu lfefr ¼th,ldS'k½ 283 & 284 iwoz Nk=ks ls lcf/kr ekeys 285 tokgjyky usg: mpp v/;;u llfkku 286 & 288 vurjjk"vªh; lg;ksx 290 dsunzh; lqfo/kk, 291 & 304 fo'ofo ky; iqlrdky; 291 & 292 fo'ofo ky; fokku ;=hdj.k dsunz 292 mpp ;=hdj.k 'kks/k lqfo/kk 292 & 304 fo'ofo ky; jkstxkj lwpuk vksj ekxzn'kzu O;wjks 304

f'k{kdks ds izdk'ku 305 & 392 f'k{kdks dh 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 393 & 406 ifjf'k"v 407 407 & 474 fo'ofo ky; fudk;ks dh lnl;rk 407 & 418 fo'ofo ky; dksvz 407 & 411 dk;z ifj"kn 412 fo k ifj"kn 413 & 416 foùk lfefr 417 f'k{kd 419 & 432 f'k{kd 419 & 428 besfjvl@vkwujsjh izksqslj 429 f'k{kdks dh fu;qfdr;k 430 iqufuz;qfdr ds ckn vfre :i ls lsokfuo`ùk f'k{kd 430 R;kxi= nsus okys f'k{kd 431 LFkk;h gq, f'k{kd 431 & 432 LoSfPNd :i ls lsokfuo`ùk gq, f'k{kd 432 'kks/k Nk= 433 & 474 ih&,p-mh- 433 & 450,e-fQy- 451 & 473,e-Vsd 473 & 474 ------------------

fo'ofo ky; ds vf/kdkjh ¼31-3-2010 dks½ izks- ;'kiky dqykf/kifr izks- ch-ch- HkV~Vkpk;Z dqyifr izks- jktsunz izlkn dqynsf'kd izks- jkekf/kdkjh dqekj dqyifr ds fo'ks"k lykgdkj izks- oh-ds- tsu dqylfpo vksj Mhu ¼Nk=½ Jherh jsorh csnh foùk vf/kdkjh MkW-,l- puæ'ks[kju leuo;d ¼ewY;kdu½ v/;;u llfkkuks ds Mhu izks-,p-,l- f'kok izdk'k Mhu] d-lks- 'kk- lizks- jktho HkV~V Mhu] ts-izks-lizks- lksuk>fj;k fet Mhu] d- o i-fo-lizks- ds-th- ldlsuk Mhu] i-fo-lizks- okbz-ds- R;kxh Mhu] v-v-lizks- bfnjk?kks"k Mhu] l-l-fo-lizks- 'kdj cklq Mhu] Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- vkj- e/kqckyk Mhu] th-fo-lizks-,l-ds- ljdkj Mhu] HkkS-fo-lizks- unw jke Mhu] lk-fo-l- v/;;u dsunzks ds v/;{k izks- vuqjk/kk,e- fpukw; v/;{k] :-e-,-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- fpurkef.k egkik=k v/;{k] d-;w,l-ys-v--v-ds-@v-v-l- MkW- lxhrk cly v/;{k] v-o;k-fo-ds@v-v-l- MkW- ih-vkj- dqekjlokeh v/;{k] i-,-v-ds-@v-v-lizks-,l-,u- ekykdkj v/;{k v-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- xxukfk >k v/;{k] n-e-n-iw-,-n-i-e-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- ykfyek oekz v/;{k] iw-,-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- jkts'k jktxksikyu v/;{k] v-jk-l-fu-ds-@v-v-lizks- Hkjr,p- nslkbz v/;{k] v-fo-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- meeq lyek ckok v/;{k] ;w-v-ds-@v-v-lizks- dey fe=k fpukw; v/;{k] rq-jk-jk-fl-ds-@v-v-lizks- puæthr flg v/;{k] :-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-lizks-,l-,- jgeku v/;{k] v-v-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- 'kdj cklq v/;{k] Lis-iq-b-ys-v-v-ds-@Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- Ýslu Mh- etyh v/;{k] Hkk-fo-ds-@Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- peu yky v/;{k] Hkk-Hkk-ds-@Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- eksgeen flfnd fu;kten v/;{k] Qk-e-,-v-ds-@Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- etqjh pksgku v/;{k] tk-m-iw-,-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- fiz;n'khz eq[kthz v/;{k] ph-n-iw-,-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- fot; y{eh jko v/;{k] Ýs-Ýs-v-ds-@Hkk-lk-l-v-lizks- jktsuæ Msxys v/;{k] t-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-l-

v/;{k] v-v-ds-@hkk-lk-l-v-l- v/;{k] tk-gq-'ks-v-ds-@lk-fo-lv/;{k] fo-uh-v-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k],s-v-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] vk-v-fu-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] lk-i-v-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] lk-fp-lk-lok-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] {ks-fo-v-ds-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] jk-v-ds-@lk-fo-lv/;{k] n-'kk-dsz-@lk-fo-l- v/;{k] fo-v-v-dsv/;{k] vk-fp-'kk-ds- v/;{k] l-v-ds- funs'kd] efgyk v/;;u dk;zøe funs'kd] vdknfed LVkQ dkwyst izks- th-ts-oh- izlkn izks- /kqzo jsuk MkW- ih-,u- nslkbz izks- dq.kky pøorhz izks- lh-ih- puæ'ks[kj izks- lqlu fo'oukfk izks- jkek oh- ck: izks- vkj-,l- JhokLro izks- xksiky ukjk;.k xq# MkW- Hkxr vksbuke izks- vferk flg MkW- th- eq[kksik/;k; izks- 'kdj cklq izks- ljlorh jktw izks- :i etjh?kks"k fo'ofo ky; ds vu; vf/kdkjh MkW- lfpnkuun flugk,lksfl,v Mhu ¼Nk=½ Jherh ne;rh oh- rkecs mi funs'kd ¼'kkjhfjd f'k{kk½ MkW- xksre ik=k eq[; fpfdrlk vf/kdkjh izks- fgekæh ch- cksfgnkj eq[; dqykuq'kkld MkW- v#.k ds- eksgurh v/;{k] fons'kh Nk= lykgdkj izks- ds-lh- mik/;k; funs'kd ¼izos'k½ izks- vkfnr; eq[kthz funs'kd] t-us-mpp v/;;u llfkku izks- vkuun dqekj eq[; lykgdkj] iwoz Nk=ks ls lcf/kr ekeys Jherh iwue,l- dqnsfl;k tu&leidz vf/kdkjh leikndh; e.my ¼okf"kZd izfrosnu½ izks- th-ts-oh- izlkn] v/;{k MkW- nsosunz dqekj pkscs lnl; MkW-,UMª;w fyu lnl; MkW- jksfguh eqfkqlokeh lnl; Jherh iwue,l- dqnsfl;k lnl; lfpo

eq[; v'k egku jktusrk vksj fopkjd i- tokgjyky usg: ds jk"vªh; Lekjd ds :i es tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; dh LFkkiuk o"kz 1966 es dh xbz FkhA fo'ofo ky; dk vksipkfjd mn~?kkvu 14 uoecj 1969 dks Hkkjr ds rrdkyhu jk"vªifr Jh oh-oh- fxjh }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA fo'ofo ky; ds fueufyf[kr mn~ns'; gs & ^v/;;u] vuql/kku vksj vius lxfbr thou ds mnkgj.k vksj izhkko }kjk Kku] izkku,o le>nkjh dk izlkj o vfhko`f) djuk rfkk fof'k"vr% mu fl)kurks dh vfhko`f) dk iz;kl djuk] ftuds fy, tokgjyky usg: us thou&i;zur dke fd;k] tsls & jk"vªh;,drk] lkekftd U;k;] /kez fujis{krk] thou dh yksdrkf=d i)fr] vurjjk"vªh; le> vksj lkekftd lel;kvks ds izfr oskkfud n`f"vdks.ka* bl y{; dh fn'kk es ] fo'ofo ky; & Hkkjr dh lkekfld llñfr ds lo/kzu ds fy,,sls fohkkx vksj llfkku LFkkfir djsxk tks Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvks ] dykvks vksj llñfr ds v/;;u rfkk fodkl ds fy, visf{kr gks ( leiw.kz Hkkjr ls Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks dks fo'ofo ky; es lfeefyr gksus vksj mlds 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks es Hkkx ysus dh lqfoèkk nsus ds fy, fo'ks"k mik; djsxk( Nk=ks vksj v/;kidks es ns'k dh lkekftd vko';drkvks ds izfr tkx:drk vksj cks/k dh vfhko`f) djrs gq, mugs,slh vko';drkvks dh iwfrz ds fy, rs;kj djsxk( vius 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks es ekufodh] fokku vksj izks ksfxdh es lefuor ikb~;øeks ds fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk djsxk( fo'ofo ky; es vurj&fo"k;d v/;;u ds izksrlkgu ds fy, leqfpr mik; djsxk( Nk=ks es fo'oo;kih n`f"vdks.k vksj vurjjk"vªh; le> fodflr djus dh n`f"v ls,sls fohkkx ;k llfkku LFkkfir djsxk tks fons'kh Hkk"kkvks ] lkfgr; vksj thou ds v/;;u ds fy, vko';d gks ( vksj fofhkuu ns'kks ls vk, Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks ds fy, 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks vksj xfrfof/k;ks es Hkkx ysus gsrq lqfo/kk, iznku djsxka fo'ofo ky; ds llfkkuks ] dsuæks vksj vu; fudk;ks dh xfrfof/k;ks dk 1 vizsy 2009 ls 31 ekpz 2010 rd dk fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gsa llfkku fo'ofo ky; dh LFkkiuk fo'ks"k :i ls,d LukrdksÙkj f'k{k.k,o 'kks/k llfkku ds :i es dh xbz FkhA fo'ofo ky; dh fo k lykgdkj lfefr us ;g fu.kz; fy;k Fkk fd fo'ofo ky; es ewyr% llfkku vksj bues dsuæ gks xsa fo'ofo ky; es bl le; 10 llfkku gs % dyk vksj lksun;z'kkl= llfkku tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku lx.kdh;,o lesfdr fokku llfkku Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku thou fokku llfkku HkkSfrd fokku llfkku lkekftd fokku llfkku 1

buds lkfk&lkfk fueufyf[kr fo'ks"k dsuæ gs % fof/k vksj vfhk'kklu v/;;u dsuæ vk.kfod fpfdrlk&'kkl= dsuæ llñr v/;;u dsuæ dyk vksj lksn;z'kkl= llfkku dh LFkkiuk o"kz 2001 es gqbz vksj ;g fujurj o`f) dh vksj vxzlj gsa viuh LFkkiuk ds vyidky es gh ;g llfkku ikjeifjd vksj lelkef;d izñfr ds dyk,o O;ogkj ds fhkuu fl)kurks ds {ks=ks es vurjfo"k;d v/;;u vksj 'kks/k dks muur djkus okyk ds nz cu x;k gsa llfkku ds f'k{kdks us leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku vkb dk;z'kkyk,] lxksf"b;k rfkk leesyu vk;ksftr fd,] ftues rsjg 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, x,a llfkku ds f'k{kdks us 33 jk"vªh;@vurjkz"vªh; leesyuks @lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;k rfkk rhu 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & dfork flg( ueu ih- vgwtk vksj bjk HkkLdjA tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku dks o"kz 2006 es,d jk"vªh; los Z{k.k }kjk tso&izks ksfxdh ds {ks= es vius f'k{k.k,o izf'k{k.k ds fy, iwjs ns'k es izfke LFkku ij?kksf"kr fd;k x;ka llfkku tso&izks ksfxdh es,e-,l&lh- vksj izh&ih&,p-mh-@ih&,p-mh- nksuks ikb~;øe pykrk gsa llfkku] tso&jlk;u bthfu;jh] løked jksxks dk v.kq thofokku] VªklfØI'ku,o ekuo tho&fokku] v.kq dks"kdh; tho&fokku rfkk ok;jl esfmdsfvm flxuy VªklMD'ku ds f'k{k.k ij fo'ks"k cy nsrk gsa leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku llfkku es O;k[;ku nsus vk, lqizfl) fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & MkW- lqjthr ikwy] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq U;w esfdldks( izks- fodvj okwu fgloxz] ;wfuoflzvh esfmdy ls Vj,eLVMZe( izks- tkwu estj] LohfM'k ;wfuoflzvh vkwq,xzhdypj lkbla leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku llfkku ds f'k{kdks us 24 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;k vksj 25 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs,l-,l- es=ka di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku ¼1975½ mu Js"B llfkkuks es ls,d gs tgk di;wvj fokku ds {ks= es f'k{k.k,o 'kks/k dk;zøe pyk, tkrs gsa llfkku,e-lh-,-],e-vsd- vksj ih&,p-mh- mikf/k;ks ds fy, v/;;u,o 'kks/k ikb~;øe pykrk gsa llfkku us fnlecj 2009 es ^esfkm~l,.m ekwmyl bu di;wvj lkbl* fo"k;d igyk nks&f}olh; vurjjk"vªh; leesyu vk;ksftr fd;ka leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku llfkku ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 27 'kks/k vkys[k vksj 20 ls vf/kd jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks vksj dk;z'kkykvks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs lksuk>fj;k feta i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku ¼1974½ dh 'kks/k :fp fofhkuu Hkw] okrkoj.kh; vksj tho&oskkfud izfø;kvks es fohkdr gsa ikfjflfkfrd vksj lkekftd izfø;kvks ds chp l;kstu llfkku dks,d vfrfjdr vk;ke iznku djrs gq, lqlxr cukrk gsa blfy, ikb~;p;kz es HkkSfrd fokku] Hkw,o okrkoj.kh; fokku] i;kzoj.kh; tho fokku vksj i;kzoj.kh; ekfuvfjx,o izc/ku tsls vurjfo"k;d {ks= 'kkfey gsa leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku f'k{kdks ds yxhkx 55 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 38 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha o"kz ds nksjku llfkku us ikpok lriky feùky Lekjd O;k[;ku vk;ksftr fd;k vksj ;g O;k[;ku in~ejh,o in~ehkw"k.k izks- ek/ko xkmfxy }kjk fn;k x;ka iqjldkj,o leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs dlrwjh nùkka vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku ¼1969½ dh 'kq: es LFkkiuk o"kz 1955 es Hkkjrh; vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u lfkku ds uke ls gqbz FkhA ;g fo'ofo ky; dk lcls iqjkuk llfkku gsa viuh LFkkiuk ds 55 o"kks± ds nksjku llfkku us vurjjk"vªh; lecu/kks vksj {ks=h; v/;;u ds fy, iwjs ns'k es vius dks,d fof'k"v llfkku ds :i es izfrf"br fd;k gsa finys dqn o"kks± ds nksjku llfkku es vusd ps;jks dh LFkkiuk gqbz gsa bues 'kkfey gs & viiknqjkbz ps;j] usylu emsyk ps;j] i;kzoj.k fof/k,o vurfj{k fof/k es ps;j] Hkkjrh; LVsV csd ps;j vksj jktho xk/kh ps;ja vurjjk"vªh; lecu/kks ij i- ân; ukfk dqt: Lekjd O;k[;kuekyk dk vk;kstu llfkku dk,d fu;fer okf"kzd dk;zøe cu x;k gsa llfkku es 11 dsuæ gs] ftues fofhkuu fo"k;ks es 'kks/k,o f'k{k.k dk;zøe pyk, tkrs gsa dukfm;u] ;w-,l- vksj ysfvu vesjhdh v/;;u dsuæ & dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku 6 'kks/k vkys[k 2

izlrqr fd,a o"kz ds nksjku gq, izdk'kuks es izeq[k gs MkW- fpurkef.k egkik=k vksj izhfr flg dh iqlrds Øe'k% & ß;w,l vizksp Vq blykfed oymz bu ikslv 9@11 bjkþ vksj ßbUMhthul vkbms fvvh,s M,fDVohTeÞA dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 21 jk"vªh;@vurjkz"vªh; dk;z'kkykvks @leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsunz & o"kz ds nksjku gq, izdk'kuks es izeq[k gs Jhdkr dks MkiYyh dh iqlrd & ^pkbuk,.m bv~l usclz*a leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsunz ds f'k{kdks ds 16 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq,a o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 14 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; dk;z'kkykvks @lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka vurjjk"vªh; jktuhfr] lxbu vksj fujl=hdj.k dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsunz us 17 lxksf"b;k@dk;z'kkyk, vk;ksftr dh vksj dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 9 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd,a dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 14 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks vksj leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka vurjjk"vªh; O;kikj vksj fodkl dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 12 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj 3 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dh xb±a iqjldkj,o leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs &,l- cly] ehrk ds esgjk vksj vfer,l- jk;a dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 21 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; dk;z'kkykvks @leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka :lh vksj e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 18 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, vksj 1 'kks/k ifj;kstuk 'kq: dha o"kz ds nksjku gq, izdk'kuks es izeq[k gs vuqjk/kk,e- fpukw; vksj vt; dqekj ivuk;d dh iqlrds Øe'k% ^fld;qfjvh dkmfly fjtksy;w'ku 1325,.M lkmfk,f'k;k isflfqd oqeu* vksj ^Xykscykbts'ku,.M ;wjsf'k;k*a o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 26 jk"vªh;@vurjkz"vªh; lxksf"b;ks @dk;z'kkykvks es Hkkx fy;ka nf{k.k] e/;] nf{k.k&iwoz,f'k;kbz vksj nf{k.k&if'pe egklkxjh; v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku gq, izdk'kuks es izeq[k gs Jh xxukfk >k dh iqlrd & ^bfm;k,.m lkmfkbzlv,f'k;k % buvªkslisd'ku QkWj ;wpj ikvzuj f'ki*a dsunz ds f'k{kdks }kjk 3 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dh xb±a iqjldkj vksj leeku ikus okyks es 'kkfey gs efnjk nùkk vksj 'kjn ds- lksuha if'peh,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & dsuæ ds izdk'kuks es izeq[k Fkh izdk'k lh tsu dh iqlrd & ^ukwu jsftms V bfm;u buvjizhfu;ksj bu n ;wukbvsm vjc vehjkr*a leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 10 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, vksj 14 jk"vªh;@vurjkz"vªh; lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka ;wjksih; v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ us 4 leesyu vk;ksftr fd, vksj dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us yxhkx 13 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, vksj 20 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks vksj leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj,o leeku izkir djus okys es 'kkfey gs xqy'ku lpnsoka rqyukred jktuhfr vksj jktuhfrd fl)kr dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 2 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;k vksj ts,u;w ds ckgj 3 O;k[;ku fn,a leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks dk 1 'kks/k vkys[k vksj iqlrdks es,d v/;k; izdkf'kr gqvka výhdh v/;;u dsuæ vurjjk"vªh; fof/k v/;;u dsuæ lx.kdh;,o lesfdr fokku llfkku & igys ;g lwpuk fokku llfkku ds uke ls o"kz 2001 es 'kq: gqvk Fkk vksj bles 3 dsuæ gsa llfkku eq[;r% f'k{kk vksj 'kks/k ds {ks= es lwpuk izks ksfxdh ds iz;ksx ij cy nsrk gsa vfhkdyukred tho&fokku vksj tso&lwpuk&fokku dsuæ & ;g dsuæ tho fokku vksj thou fokku ds lhkh {ks=ks es 'kks/k dj jgs 'kks/kkffkz;ks dks lwpuk, vksj vfhkdyukred lg;ksx miyc/k djkus ds fy, o"kz 1988 ls dk;z dj jgk gsa mpp fu"iknu di;wvj dsuæ & mpp Lrjh; DyLVj de;wfvx fllve dh LFkkiuk dh xbz gsa ftldk vuqj{k.k lh&msd deiuh dj jgh gsa bldk foùk iks"k.k ts,u;w & ;w-ih-vks-bz- ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls fd;k x;k gsa 3

dkweiysdl fllve v/;;u dsuæ & bldk vuqeksnu 2008&2009 dh 11oh ipo"khz; ;kstuk ds nksjku fo'ofo ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk vksj vc ;g llfkku ds,d dsuæ ds :i es gsa leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es izeq[k gs & MkW- lkseu jkw;] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq f'kdkxks( izks- LVhQu FkuZj] lkurk Qs blvhp;wv( izks- ds-ch- vfkszvk yksok LVsV ;wfuoflzvha leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku f'k{kdks us 8 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha iqjldkj vksj leeku ikus okyks es 'kkfey gs & vkj- jkeklokeh vksj,- JhfuokluA Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku ¼1971½ es fofhkuu 'kkl=h;] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; vksj fons'kh Hkk"kkvks es Lukrd] LukrdksÙkj vksj 'kks/k ikb~;øe pyk, tkrs gsa llfkku] fo'ofo ky; ds lhkh t:jren Nk=ks ds fy, fo'ks"k lgk;rk ds :i es fofhkuu Hkk"kkvks fo'ks"kdj vxzsth Hkk"kk es mipkjkred dkslz pykrk gs] ftues izr;sd o"kz dkqh Nk= Hkkx ysrs gsa llfkku es X;kjg dsuæ vksj,d eyvhehfm;k Hkk"kk iz;ksx'kkyk gsa ;g iz;ksx'kkyk lewg vkfm;ks&ohfm;ks fjdkfm±x],t;wds'kuy lk Vos;j izksmd'ku dh vk/kqfud lqfo/kkvks ls lqlfttr gsa phuh vksj nf{k.k iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs Jh >w ;wth( Jh ºokx >hxkx],t;wds'ku dkmulyj phuh nwrkokla iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kd gs xhrk dkspja dsuæ ds eq[; izdk'kuks es 'kkfey gs ch-vkj- nhid dh iqlrds & ^phuh dfork % 'khftx ls ftft;kxh rd* vksj ^pkbuk %,xzhdypj] dvªh lkbm,s M ihts V~l*A vxzsth v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 4 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dh vksj 13 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd,a dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & MkW- ihvj esdmksukym] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq vkdlqksmz( MkW- nsok'kh"k cuthz] iklknsuk flvh dkwyst] ;w,l, vksj ys[kd,o f'k{kkfon~ MkW- ehuk dk.mklokeh] vuuk ;wfuoflzvha iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs edjn izktis] th-ts-oh- izlkn vksj lksxkrk HkknqjhA Ýsp vksj ÝsdkQksu v/;;u dsuæ & o"kz ds nksjku iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs ds- ek/ kou vksj fdj.k pks/kjha dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku 3 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;k vksj,d 'kks/k ifj;kstuk pykbza dsunz us 3 lxksf"b;k Hkh vk;ksftr dh A tezu v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- ØhLVhuk esymz] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq LVklZoxZ( izks- txzu b- eqyj] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq cs#fk] tezuh( izks- MkW- gkbd osl~] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq ikslvme] tezuha iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs lk/kuk usfkkuha Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsuæ & dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs MkW- ekfj;k usx;slh( MkW- yqnfeyk [kks[kyksvk vksj tflvl jktsuæ lppja leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 14 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks @dk;z'kkykvks es Hkkx fy;k vksj 11 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd,a iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kd gs nsosuæ dqekj pkscsa tkikuh] dksfj;kbz vksj mùkj&iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es izeq[k gs & MkW- nkbcks rewjk] tkiku QkmUMs'ku( izks-,p- gkslksdkok] oklsnk ;wfuoflzvha iqjldkj,o leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & isze eksvokuh],e-oh- y{eh vksj :ik flga o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ us 10 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; dk;z'kkyk, vk;ksftr dha Hkk"kk fokku dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es izeq[k gs & izks- vdhy fcyxzkeh] dksyfec;k ;wfuoflzvh( MkW- isfvªl esuhfxfy;j] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq vlsdla o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ us 2 lxksf"b;k vk;ksftr dha Qkjlh vksj e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- ikwy Liszdesu] #VxlZ LVsV ;wfuoflzvh( MkW- eksgeen gqlsu ;kehu] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq dkcqya iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs v[kykd vgen vlkjha 4

:lh v/;;u dsuæ & o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- LVhQu cksjcsys] ccsl cksykb ;wfuoflzvh jksekfu;k( MkW-,y-oh- [kks[kksysok] ekldks LVsV ;wfuoflzvh( MkW- bcthfu;k okuhuk ekldksa dsunz ds f'k{kdks us 25 ls vf/kd jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs,- cu ksik/;k;a Lisuh] iqrzxkyh] brkyoh vksj ysfvu vejhdh v/;;u dsuæ & o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks-,ufjd ckwm] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq czkmu( fe- thll xkslrkoks jkstkuks] lok±rs blvhv~;wv( fe- ekdksz czkumkvks] Hkkjr es czkthy ds jktnwra iqjldkj,o leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs ehuk{kh lqfæ;kya vjch vksj výhdh v/;;u dsuæ thou fokku llfkku ¼1970½,d vxz.kh cgq&fo"k;d 'kks/k,o f'k{k.k fohkkx jgk gsa llfkku us vk/kqfud tho fokku ds pqus gq, {ks=ks es uohure 'kks/k,o f'k{k.k dk;zøe pyk, gs A llfkku ikni vkuqokf'kdh vksj tsoizks ksfxdh] jsx;qys'ku vkwq thu,dlis z'ku] ekuo vkuqof'kdh] izfrj{kk fokku] fofdj.k] izdk'k&tsfodh] ds lj tho fokku vksj lw{e tho fokku es mpp Lrjh;,o egùoiw.kz 'kks/k dk;zøe pykrk gsa llfkku dh Hkkoh ;kstukvks es rf=dk tho fokku] v.kq tso&hkksfrdh vksj ljpukred tho fokku ds {ks=ks es v/;;u ds fy, ds nzh;ñr lqfo/kk, fodflr djus ds lkfk&lkfk ikni thok.kqvks vksj m".kdfvc/kh; rfkk vkuqof'kd jksxks dh thu izks ksfxdh ij xgu 'kks/k ds fy, miyc/k lqfo/kkvks es o`f) djuk 'kkfey gsa leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku llfkku ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & MkW- eksfudk lpnso] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq oftzfu;k] ;w,l,( MkW- ujsuæ HkSjok] esfmdy ;wfuoflzvh vkwq lkmfk dsjksyhuk] ;w,l,( MkW- fofy;e isfvª] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq oftzfu;k ;w,l, A iqjldkj vksj leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & vkj-- e/kqckyk],u-ch- ljhu] ih-lh- jfk],l- xksjhukfk vksj vkj- eqfkqlokeha leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku f'k{kdks }kjk 62 ls vf/kd 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, x,a HkkSfrd fokku llfkku ¼1986½ finys o"kks Z es llfkku us,e-,l&lh- vksj izh ih&,p-mh- Lrjks ij egùoiw.kz f'k{k.k dk;zøe pyk, gsa llfkku dh 'kks/k xfrfof/k;k eq[;r% Dykfldy,s M DokVe dsvkl] di;wvs'kuy fqftdl] dms LM esvj fqftdl] fmlkmzmz fllve] ukwufyfu;j Mk;usfeDl] DokVe QhYM Fkhvfj] DokVe vkfivdl vksj LVsfVfLVdy U;wfDy;j fqftdl ds ls)kfurd {ks=ks rfkk dkweiysdl yqbm~l] lqijk&ekfyd;wyj deslvªh] esxusvhte,m ikwfyelz rfkk usuksikfvzdyl fqftdl ds iz;ksxkred {ks=ks ij ds fnzr gsa iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & vkj-?kks"k] ds- Ñ".k] ch- dqekj],l- ivuk;d vksj vkj- jkeklokeha o"kz ds nksjku f'k{kdks ds 52 ls vf/kd 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq,a llfkku ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k odrkvks e s 'kkfey gs & izksxsjh,- fofy;el] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq dsfyqksfuz;k( MkW- ekdks Z tsusrh] MSªDly ;wfuoflzvh] MkW- følvkqj tkwul] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq ukfkz dsjksyhuka lkekftd fokku llfkku ¼1969½ ds 9 dsunzks es pyk, tk jgs,e-,-],e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- vksj ih&,p-mh- ikb~;øeks es izr;sd o"kz 500 ls vf/kd Nk=ks dks izos'k fn;k tkrk gsa llfkku es viuk dksbz Lukrd dkslz ugh pyk;k tkrk] ysfdu vu; llfkkuks ds Nk=ks ds fy, dqn Lukrd dkslz pykrk gsa llfkku es 9 dsuæ gs vksj bues ls 6 dsuæks dks fo'ofo ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dh fo'ks"k lgk;rk izkir gksrh gsa vkffkzd v/;;u vksj fu;kstu dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 24 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq,a dsuæ }kjk vk;ksftr 18os Ñ".kk Hkkj}kt Lekjd O;k[;ku ds odrk Fks & izks- dqekjlokeh osywfiyybz] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq VksjUVks] bvyha dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- X;wyge dklku] isfjl Ldwy vkwq bdksukwfedl( izks- X;wtIis dokyjh] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq cksyksxzk] bvyh vksj MkW- fno;kt;ksfr etwenkj] dudksfmz;k ;wfuoflzvh] dukmka jktuhfrd v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 29 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj f'k{kdks us 75 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks @leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku 2 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kd gs & cyohj vjksm+k] oh- jksfmªxl vksj xksiky xq#a lkekftd fpfdrlk&'kkl= vksj lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds izdk'kuks es izeq[k gs eksgu jko vksj,l-,l- vkpk;z dh iqlrds Øe'k% ^ekfdzv,s M ekwyfkl % iki;wys'ku] ts.mj,s M gsyfk bu fu;ks&fycjy 5

VkbEl,s M v.mjlvsfmx ;wfk % n fmldkslz,s M duluz bu bfm;ka leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 15 'kksèk vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 29 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks @lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs l?kfe=k,l- vkpk;za,sfrgkfld v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k odrkvks es 'kkfey gs & izks- fde flcsugquj] clsy ;wfuoflzvh( izks- lsyh ts- lnjysm xksymesu( MkW- vpzuk os dvs'ku] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq dsfyqksfuz;ka leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 9 'kks/k vkys[k izlrqr fd, vksj mugks us 26 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka n'kzu'kkl= dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 26 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; leesyuks @lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k odrkvks es 'kkfey gs & izks- xtkyk bjqku],y-;w-,u-,l- ykgksj( izks- ljxsbz lsjscs zujh] esysfvuldh blvhv~;wv QkWj,Mokl LVMh bu º;wesuhfVt] ekldks( vksj MkW- Msfu;y csjkmuldh] pkylz ;wfuoflzvha {ks=h; fodkl v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs,lds- FkksjkV],l- jktw],l- lsu],l- ckwfkyk vksj ih- if.ka dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 39 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 119 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks vksj leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us ts,u;w ds ckgj 70 O;k[;ku fn,a fokku uhfr v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsunz ds f'k{kdks ds 12 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj,d 'kksèk ifj;kstuk 'kq: dha o"kz ds nksjku mugks us 8 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks vksj leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka lkekftd i)fr v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ us 11 lxksf"b;k vk;ksftr dh vksj dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 40 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 122 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj@leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & Vh-ds- Åeu] oh- lqtkrk] uhfydk esgjks=k] foosd dqekj vksj gjh'k ukjk;.k nkla tkfdj gqlsu 'ksf{kd v/;;u dsuæ & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 8 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 9 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq# dh A f'k{kdks us 18 jk"vªh;@vurjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;ks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj@leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & nhid dqekj] /kqzo jsuk vksj,e- ik.mk A 'ksf{kd 'kks/k fjdkmz ;wfuv & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsunz us 31 vxlr] 2009 dks ^jhbuos fvx n fjlpz ;wfuoflzvh bu bf.m;k* fo"k;d ik pok ts-ih- uk;d Lekjd O;k[;ku vk;ksftr fd;k] ftlds odrk Fks izks- ih- cyjke] funs'kd vkbz-vkbz-,l-lh- cs xyq:a efgyk v/;;u dk;zøe & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku 14 lxksf"b;k] fqye lxks"bh vksj fo'ks"k lxksf"b;k rfkk dk;z'kkyk Ükà [kyk, vk;ksftr dh xb±a dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k odrk gs & MkW- lfjyk jk;] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq ukwfv?ke] ;w-ds-( MkW- gsufjds Mksuj] ynu Ldwy vkwq bdkwukfedl,s M ikwfyfvdy lkbflt ;w-ds- vksj izks- isfvªf'k;k gk;l] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq oslvuz dsi] lkmfk výhdka HksnHkko,o viotzu v/;;u gsrq dk;zøe & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku ^fjlpz VsªUM~l bu dklv,s M VªkbOl vkwq lkmnuz bfm;k* fo"k;d lxks"bh dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k rfkk ;kxkrh fpuukjko }kjk likfnr iqlrd & ^fmokfmx nfyrl&jkbfvxl vkwu lc&dsvkxjkbzts'ku vkwq f'km~;wym dkwlv~l* dk foekspu Hkh fd;k x;ka lelkef;d bfrgkl ij vfhkys[kkxkj & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku ns'k&fons'k ds fofhkuu llfkkuks us vfhkys[kkxkj dk nksjk fd;ka 14ok ih-lh- tks'kh Lekjd O;k[;ku lqizfl) QksVksxzkQj vksj dypjy,dvhfolv jke jgeku }kjk fn;k x;ka leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku 34 iqlrds @ieqysv~l [kjhnsa mùkj&iwohz Hkkjrh; v/;;u dk;zøe & leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku nks jk"vªh;@vrjjk"vªh; lxksf"b;k],d fo'ks"k O;k[;ku vksj,d fqye 'kks dk vk;kstu fd;k x;ka,d fo'ks"k csbd dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftles efgykvks ds izfr c<+rh fglk] fo'ks"k dj mùkj&iwohz ftyks ls lcf/kr efgykvks ds lnhkz es vk;ksftr dh xbz vksj bles ppkz dh xbza 6

izks<+ f'k{kk xzqi & fof/k vksj vfhk'kklu v/;;u dsuæ ¼2000½ & dsuæ ds 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks dk eq[; mn~ns';,d,slh mpp Lrjh; 'kks/k llfkk fodflr djuk gs tks 'ksf{kd izdk'kuks es py jgs okn&fookn rfkk ekeyks es lg;ksx dj ldsa dsuæ uhfr fo"k;d ekeyks ij cgl 'kq: djds,d O;kogkfjd izf'k{k.k Hkh nsrk gs rkfd og ifjorzu ds fy,,d mris zjd ds :i es dk;z dj ldsa leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kdks ds 8 vkys[k izdkf'kr gq, vksj mugks us 4 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 'kq: dha dsuæ ds nksjs ij vk, izeq[k fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- iky vgywokfy;k] dqyifr] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq lkmnuz vklvsªfy;k( lqjh iweqk Hkq'kky] vkwujsoy fefulvj vkwq,mfefulvªsfvo jhlvªdpfjx] usiky(,u LVhokWV] Ldwy vkwq yk] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq okjfod] ;wdsa iqjldkj vksj leeku ikus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & uhjtk xksiky t;ky vksj vferk flga vk.kfod fpfdrlk&'kkl= fo'ks"k dsuæ ¼1999½ dsuæ dk mn~ns'; ekuo jksxks ds v/;;u es vk.kfod vksj dksf'kdh; tho fokku ds lh/ks vuqiz;ksx ds lkfk bl {ks= es 'kks/k dk;z dks izksrlkgu nsuk gsa o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ es vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- etwj,- HkV~V] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq ukfkz dsjksyhuk] Ldwy vkwq esfmflu ;w-,l-,-( MkWikFkkZ jk;] tkwu osu ds lj blvhv~;wv] ;w,l,( MkW- lksjhk cuthz] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq dsfyqksfuz;k] ;w,l,a iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs vkj-ds- R;kxhA o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ ds f'k{kd vkb 'kks/k ifj;kstukvks es lyxu jgsa fo'ks"k llñr v/;;u dsuæ ¼2001½ & leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku dsuæ es vk, fo}kuks es 'kkfey gs & izks- vxyhdk ekyhukj] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq T;wfj[k( izks- fd'kksj pøorhz] Msfol,s M vydhu dkwyst] ;w,l,( dfojkt gfj 'kdj 'kekz] D;ksrks] tkikua dsuæ ds f'k{kdks us 39 jk"vªh;@vrjjk"vªh; leesyuks es Hkkx fy;ka iqjldkj vksj leeku izkir djus okys f'k{kdks es 'kkfey gs & fxjh'kukfk >k vksj jtuh'k dqekj feja j{kk@vuql/kku vksj fodkl llfkku ts,u;w us ns'khkj ds fueufyf[kr lqizfl) llfkkuks dks eku;rk iznku dh gsa ;g fo'ofo ky; ds jk"vªh; pfj= dks n'kkzrk gsa bu llfkkuks ds izfrfuf/k ts,u;w ds fofhkuu 'ksf{kd vksj lkfof/kd fudk;ks ds lnl; jgrs gsa blds lkfk gh ts,u;w ds f'k{kd Hkh bu llfkkuks ds 'ksf{kd fudk;ks vksj lkfof/kd fudk;ks es Hkkx ysrs gsa j{kk llfkku lsuk dsmsv egkfo ky;] nsgjknwu lsuk bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] iq.ks lsuk bysdvªksfudl vksj esdsfudy bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] fldunjkckn lsuk nwj&lpkj bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] egw jk"vªh; j{kk vdkneh] iq.ks uks lsuk bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] yksukokyk vuql/kku vksj fodkl llfkku dksf'kdh; vksj v.kq tho&fokku dsuæ] gsnjkckn fodkl v/;;u ds Uæ] fr:ouuriqje~ dsuæh; vks"k/k vuql/kku llfkku] y[kuå ls Vªy blvhv~;wv vkq esfmfluy,s M,sjksesfVd IykV~l] y[kuå lw{e tsfod izks ksfxdh llfkku] p.mhx<+ vrjjk"vªh; vkuqof'kdh bthfu;jh rfkk tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku] ubz fnyyh jk"vªh; izfrj{kk&fokku llfkku] ubz fnyyh vurj&fo'ofo ky; Rofjr ds nz] ubz fnyyh 7

f'k{kd je.k vuql/kku llfkku] cxyq: jk"vªh; ikni thukse vuql/kku llfkku] ubz fnyyh HkkHkk ijek.kq vuql/kku ds nz] eqecbz ts,u;w es yxhkx 485 f'k{kd gsa Nk=ks dh rjg f'k{kd Hkh gekjs ns'k dh fofo/krk dk izfrfuf/kro djrs gsa dqy f'k{kdks es ls yxhkx,d pksfkkbz efgyk f'k{kd gsa iw.kz fooj.k fueu izdkj ls gs % orzeku l[;k 485 iq#"k 344 ¼31-3-2010 dks½ efgyk 141 izksqslj,lksfl,v izksqslj lgk;d izksqslj 223 136 126 izksqslj besfjvl ekun izksqslj 19 05 'ksf{kd miyfc/k;k s fo'ofo ky; dh eq[; fo'ks"krk blds f'k{kdks }kjk fodflr fd, x, uohure v/;;u ikb~;øe vksj dkslz gs A f'k{kd vius ijeijkxr fo'ks"khñr {ks=ks dh lhekvks ds ikj f'k{k.k] ekxz&n'kzu vksj 'kks/k ds vfrfjdr] iqlrdks ds ys[ku] liknu vksj iqlrdks ds fy, v/;k; ys[ku] 'kks/k vkys[k izdkf'kr djus] lxksf"b;k ] leesyu vksj dk;z'kkyk, vk;ksftr djus vksj bues Hkkx ysus] O;k[;ku nsus vksj 'kks/k ifj;kstukvks ds izc/ku es Hkh lyxu jgsa o"kz 2009&2010 ds nksjku mudh l;qdr miyfc/k;k fueufyf[kr Fkh % Û iqlrds 121 Û iqlrdks es izdkf'kr v/;k; 264 Û if=dkvks es izdkf'kr vkys[k 427 Û lxksf"b;ks@leesyuks@dk;z'kkykvks es izfrhkkfxrk 1083 Û fo'ofo ky; ls ckgj fn, x, O;k[;ku 652 Û 'kks/k ifj;kstuk, 243 Nk= fo'ofo ky; es ns'k ds lhkh Hkkxks ls Nk=ks dks izos'k fn;k tkrk gsa ;s Nk= Hkkjrh; lekt dh Hkkf"kd] /kkfezd] tkfrxr vksj vkffkzd fhkuurk dks n'kkzrs gs A bl lc/k es o"kz 2009&2010 ds vkdm+ uhps fn, x, gs A Nk=&f'k{kdks dk vuqikr 12 % 1 gsa tsmj izksqkby lks'ky izksqkby ikb~;øe Û iq#"k 3656 Û vuqlwfpr tkfr 837 Û 'kks/k ¼,e-fQy-]ih&,p-Mh-@,e-Vsd-] Û vuqlwfpr tutkfr 495 ih&,p-mh-@lh/ks ih&,p-mh-½ 3668 Û efgyk 2497 Û 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykx 132 Û LukrdksÙkj ¼,e-,-@,e&,l-lh-@,e-lh-,-½ 1722 Û fons'kh Nk= 285 Û iwoz Lukrd ¼ch-,- vkwulz½ 763 dqy 6153 Û vu; finm+k oxz 1029 Û vu; 3375 8

izos'k fo'ofo ky; Nk=ks dks izos'k&ijh{kk ds ek/;e ls izos'k nsrk gsa ;g izos'k ijh{kk ns'k ds fofhkuu Hkkxks es flfkr 68 dsuæks vksj,d fons'k es flfkr dsuæ & dkbekmq ¼usiky½ es vk;ksftr dh tkrh gsa izos'k lc/kh lwpuk vxs zth vksj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvks ds lhkh eq[; jk"vªh; vksj {ks=h; lekpkj i=ks es nh tkrh gsa izos'k ijh{kk es izkir vdks ds vk/kkj ij izos'k izr;sd v/;;u ikb~;øe es miyc/k lhvks dh fuf'pr l[;k ds vk/kkj ij fn;k tkrk gsa fo'ofo ky; ts,u;w lfgr 48 llfkkuks vksj fo'ofo ky;ks ds fy,,e&,l-lh- ¼tSo&izkS ksfxdh½ es l;qdr izos'k ijh{kk Hkh vk;ksftr djrk gsa o"kz 2009&2010 ds nksjku fofhkuu v/;;u ikb~;øeks es fueufyf[kr Nk=ks dks izos'k fn;k x;ka 9

fo'ofo ky; iqlrdky; leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku 9462 ls vf/kd Nk=ks ] f'k{kdks vksj ns'k&fons'k ds fo'ofo ky;ks @llfkkuks ds fo}kuks us iqlrdky; lqfo/kkvks dk ykhk mbk;ka leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku iqlrdky; us 3443 iqlrds izkir dha bues ls 3220 iqlrds migkj Lo:i izkir gqb±a leh{kk/khu o"kz ds vur es iqlrdky; es dqy lxzg 5]55]933 FkkA iqlrdks dh [kjhn ij #- 5-46 yk[k dh jkf'k [kpz gqbz vksj if=dkvks ij #- 1-92 yk[k [kpz fd, x,a iqlrdky; us 933 if=dk, exkbz vksj 105 if=dk, migkj Lo:i izkir gqb±a vdknfed LVkQ dkwyst ts,u;w es vdknfed LVkQ dkyst dh LFkkiuk o"kz 1989 es gqbz FkhA ;g dkwyst f'k{kdks ds fy, fueufyf[kr fo"k;ks es iqu'p;kz dkslz vk;ksftr dj jgk gs % vrjjk"vªh; lc/k] lkekftd fokku] di;wvj fokku] thou fokku] i;kzoj.k fokku] HkkSfrd fokku vksj tso&izks ksfxdha ;g lkekftd vksj izkñfrd fokkuks es vuq'khyu dkslz Hkh vk;ksftr djrk gsa vdknfed LVkQ dkyst }kjk vk;ksftr dkslks± ds fy, ofj"b f'k{kd dkslz leuo;d ds :i es dk;z djrs gsa ts,u;w rfkk vu; llfkkuks ds fo}ku fo'ks"kk ds :i es dk;z djrs gsa leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku 09 iqu'p;kz vksj 05 vuq'khyu dkslz vk;ksftr fd, x,a vk/kqfud ;=hdj.k 'kks/k lqfo/kk, fo'ofo ky; us ^;wfld* ds vurxzr vk/kqfud ;=hdj.k 'kks/k lqfo/kkvks dh LFkkiuk dh gsa ;s lqfo/kk, vr;kf/kd vk/kqfud fdle dh gs rfkk budk iz;ksx HkkSfrd fokku] tho fokku vksj i;kzoj.k fokku es 'kks/k dk;ks ± ds fy, fd;k tk,xka midj.k izkir gks x, gs vksj budk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gsa vk/kqfud ;=hdj.k 'kks/k lqfo/kkvks es 'kkfey fo'ys"k.kkred midj.k & Vkbe fjtksyom Y;qfefuls l@ yksjsls llisdvªksehvj dh LFkkiuk gks xbz gs vksj budh lqfo/kkvks dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gsa bu lqfof/kkvks ds fy, izkir fd, x, midj.k gs & ystj Ldsfux duqksdy ekbøksldksi],dljs izksvhu følvsykbts'ku yscksjsvjh]],q-vh-&vkbz-vkj- LisDVªksehVj fon ystj jeu,vspes V] Vªklfe'ku bysdvªksu ekbøksldksi ¼Vh-bZ-,e-½]LdSfux bysdvªksu ekbøksldksi ¼,l-bZ-,e-½] gkbz,sm yks osd;we] MCY;w-Mh-,Dl-vkj,Q LisDVªksehVj] bz-mh-,dl-vkj-,q-lisdvªksehvj] ljdqyj Mk;ØksbTe,s M yksjsls l LisDVªksehVj fon LVki yks,vspes V~l,s M vlsljht] fyfdom ukbvªkstu IykV] dsfiyfj bysdvªksqksjsfll] lsy lkvzj,s M yks lkbvksehvj] lqszl Iykleksu fjlksus l,ukykbtj] Vkbe fjtksyom Y;qfefuls l@ yksjsls l LisDVªksehVj] xsl dzksesvksxzkq ekl LisDVªksehVj vkfna fo'ofo ky; ds fudk; fo'ofo ky; ds dk;z dk lqo;oflfkr :i ls lpkyu djus ds fy, fo'ofo ky; dksvz] dk;z ifj"kn~] fo k ifj"kn~ tsls fudk; vksj foùk lfefr tslh lkfof/kd lfefr;k gsa fo'ofo ky; dksvz fo'ofo ky; dksvz fo'ofo ky; dk loks ZPp fudk; gsa bldh csbd o"kz es,d ckj dk;z ifj"kn~ }kjk fu/kkzfjr frffk dks gksrh gs] ftles fo'ofo ky; dh finys o"kz dh fjiksvz] vk; vksj O;; dk fooj.k] ys[kk&ijhf{kr rqyu&i= vksj vxys foùkh; o"kz ds ctv ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gsa fo'ofo ky; dksvz dks dk;z ifj"kn~ vksj fo k ifj"kn~ ds dk;ks± dh leh{kk djus dk vfèkdkj mu ifjflfkfr;ks es gs] ;fn bu ifj"knks us fo'ofo ky; ds vf/kfu;e] lfof/k;ks vksj v/;kns'kks ds vurxzr iznùk 'kfdr;ks ds vuq:i dk;z u fd;k gks vksj fo'ofo ky; dh 'kfdr;ks ] tks vf/kfu;eks ;k lfof/k;ks es ugh nh xbz gs] dk iz;ksx djus dk vfèkdkj gsa fo'ofo ky; dksvz dh csbd & 10 Qjojh] 2010 10

fo'ofo ky; dksvz us 10 Qjojh] 2010 dks gqbz viuh csbd es fo'ofo ky; dh xfrfof/k;ks ij 01 viz Sy] 2008 ls 31 ekpz 2009 rd dh okf"kzd fjiksvz vksj foùkh; o"kz 2008&2009 dk ys[kk&ijhf{kr izkfir vksj O;; dk fooj.k rfkk ifjleifùk;ks,o nkf;roks dk fooj.k vksj foùkh; o"kz 2009&2010 dk ctv izkir fd;ka blus fo'ofo ky; dk ;kstusùkj vuqj{k.k ctv Hkh izkir fd;ka dk;z ifj"kn dk;z ifj"kn~ fo'ofo ky; dh,d mppre vksj egùoiw.kz dk;z fudk; gs( bls p;u lfefr dh flqkfj'kks ds vk/kkj ij f'k{kdks vksj vu; xq zi ^,* ds vf/kdkfj;ks dh fu;qfdr] mudh ifjyfc/k;k vksj mudh M~;wVh fuf'pr djus dh 'kfdr;k iznku dh xbz gs A dk;z ifj"kn~ dks fo'ofo ky; dh lfof/k;ks vksj v/;kns'kks ds vurxzr f'k{k.k vksj xsj&f'k{k.k LVkQ ds chp vuq'kklu cuk, j[kus rfkk fo'ofo ky; ds foùk] ys[kkvks vksj vu; iz'kklfud ekeyks dk izc/k vksj fofu;eu djus dh 'kfdr;k izkir gs A dk;z ifj"kn~ dh csbds & 10 tqykbz] 2009 & 12 vdvwcj] 2009 & 12 tuojh] 2010 leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku dk;z ifj"kn~ us vusd iz'kklfud vksj 'ksf{kd ekeyks ij foe'kz fd;k vksj mu ij egùoiw.kz fu.kz; fy,a blus lfof/k;ks @v/;kns'kks ds vurxzr iznùk 'kfdr;ks dk iz;ksx djrs gq, dqyifr }kjk dqn vr;ko';d izñfr ds ekeyks ij fy, x, fu.kz;ks ij fopkj djds mudk vuqeksnu Hkh fd;ka ifj"kn~ us f'k{k.k vksj xsj&f'k{k.k LVkQ dh fu;qfdr;ks ds fy, fofhkuu p;u lfefr;ks dh flqkfj'kks ij dqyifr }kjk fd, x, vuqeksnuks dk Hkh vuqeksnu fd;ka fo k ifj"kn~ fo k ifj"kn~ fo'ofo ky; dh eq[; 'ksf{kd fudk; gsa fo k ifj"kn~ dks vu; ds lkfk&lkfk fohkkx] fo'ks"k dsuæ] fo'ks"khñr iz;ksx'kkyk, LFkkfir djus ds fy, dk;z ifj"kn~ dks lq>ko nsus dh 'kfdr;k izkir gsa fo k ifj"kn~ dks 'ksf{kd inks ds l`tu vksj lekir djus] mudk oxhzdj.k djus] izos'k vksj ijh{kkvks ij elksnk v/;kns'k rs;kj djus] ijh{kdks dh fu;qfdr vksj muds 'kqyd dk fu/kkzj.k djus] ekun mikf/k;k vksj v/;srko`fùk;k ] Nk=o`fÙk;k vkfn LFkkfir djus dh 'kfdr;k izkir gsa fo k ifj"kn~ dks vu; fo'ofo ky;ks @llfkkuks ds fmiyksek vksj fmfxz;ks dks eku;rk iznku djus] fo'ofo ky; es izos'k gsrq lfefr;k xfbr djus] ijh{kkvks ds vk;kstu vksj mugs vk;ksftr djus dh frffk fu/kkzfjr djus vksj fofhkuu fo'ofo ky; ijh{kkvks ds ifj.kke?kksf"kr djus vkfn dh O;oLFkk djus dh 'kfdr Hkh izkir gsa fo k ifj"kn~ dh csbds & 21 vizsy] 2009 & 25 uoecj] 2009 & 18@31 ekpz] 2010 leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku fo k ifj"kn~ us viuh csbd es fofhkuu llfkkuks ls lnl;ks dks lg;ksftr fd;k] fofhkuu llfkkuks @fo'ks"k dsuæks ds v/ ;;u e.myks @fo'ks"k lfefr;ks es f'k{kd@fo'ks"kk ukfer fd,] vksj o"kz 2009&2010 es izos'k dk rf;kred MkVk izkir fd;ka foùk lfefr foùk lfefr fo'ofo ky; dh lkfof/kd fudk; gsa ;g lfefr fo'ofo ky; ds ctv rfkk O;; izlrkoks ] u,@vfrfjdr inks ls lcf/kr lhkh izlrkoks ] ys[kkvks ] ys[kk&ijh{kk fjiksvz vksj vu; foùkh;,o ys[kkvks ls lcf/kr ekeyks ij fopkj djrh gsa bldh flqkfj'ks dk;z ifj"kn~ dks vuqeksnu ds fy, Hksth tkrh gsa foùk lfefr dh csbd & 27 twu] 2009 & 23 fnlecj] 2009 foùk lfefr us viuh csbd es fo'ofo ky; ds o"kz 2009&2010 ds fy, ^vuqj{k.k* [kkrs es 21]439-75 yk[k #i;s ds l'kksf/kr vkdyuks dks etwjh nha 11

vk[;ku ßfo'ofo ky; dk mn~ns'; ekuork] lgu'khyrk] rdz'khyrk] fpuru izfø;k vksj lr; dh [kkst dh Hkkouk dks LFkkfir djuk gksrk gsa bldk mn~ns'; ekuo tkfr dks fujurj egùkj y{; dh vksj izsfjr djuk gksrk gsa vxj fo'ofo ky; vius drzo; Bhd ls fuhkk, rks ;g ns'k vksj turk ds fy, vpnk gksxkaß Lor= Hkkjr ds izfke iz/kkue=h }kjk 13 fnlecj 1947 dks bykgkckn fo'ofo ky; dh ghjd t;rh ds volj ij fn, x, mi;qzdr odro; ls ;g ifjyf{kr gksrk gs fd i- usg: us Hkkjr es fo'ofo kyh; f'k{kk dks fo'ks"k egùo fn;k gsa usg: dk n`<+ fo'okl Fkk fd fo'ofo ky; vius Nk=ks ds eu es vk/kkjhkwr ewy;ks dks csbkrs gq,] ftue s os fo'okl j[krs gs] jk"vª ds Lo:i dks cnyus vksj mls 'kfdr'kkyh cukus es viuh egùoiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkk ldrs gsa,sls egku jktusrk ds fopkjks ds izfr lpph J)ktfy ds :i es tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; dh LFkkiuk ts,u;w vf/kfu;e 1966 ¼1966 dk 53½ ds vurxzr o"kz 1966 es dh xbz FkhA i- tokgjyky usg: dks vksj vf/kd leeku nsus dh n`f"v ls fo'ofo ky; dk vksipkfjd mn~?kkvu Hkkjr ds rrdkyhu jk"vªifr Lo- Jh oh-oh- fxjh }kjk i- usg: ds tue fnol ds volj ij 14 uoecj 1969 dks fd;k x;k FkkA l;ksxo'k ;g o"kz egkrek xk /kh dk tue'krh o"kz Hkh FkkA fo'ofo ky; ds mn~ns'; gs & v/;;u] vuql/kku vksj vius lxfbr thou ds mnkgj.k vksj izhkko }kjk Kku dk izlkj o vfhko`f) djuk] mu fl)kurks dh vfhko`f) dk iz;kl djuk] ftuds fy, tokgjyky usg: us thou&i;±r dke fd;k] tsls & jk"vªh;,drk] lkekftd U;k;] /kez fujis{krk] thou dh yksdrkf=d i)fr] vurjjk"vªh; le> vksj lkekftd lel;kvks ds izfr oskkfud n`f"vdks.ka bl y{; dh fn'kk es ] fo'ofo ky; & Hkkjr dh lkekfld llñfr ds lo/kzu ds fy,,sls fohkkx vksj llfkku LFkkfir djsxk tks Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvks ] dykvks vksj llñfr ds v/;;u rfkk fodkl ds fy, visf{kr gks ( leiw.kz Hkkjr ls Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks dks mlds 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks es Hkkx ysus dh lqfo/kk nsus ds fy, fo'ks"k mik; djsxk( Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks es ns'k dh lkekftd vko';drkvks ds izfr tkx:drk vksj cks/k dh vfhko`f) djrs gq, mugs bu vko';drkvks dh iwfrz ds fy, rs;kj djsxk( vius 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks es ekufodh ds lkfk&lkfk fokku vksj izks ksfxdh es Hkh lefuor ikb~;øeks ds fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk djsxk( vurj&fo"k;d v/;;u ds izksrlkgu ds fy, leqfpr mik; djsxk( Nk=ks es fo'oo;kih n`f"vdks.k vksj vurjjk"vªh; le> fodflr djus dh n`f"v ls,sls fohkkx ;k llfkku LFkkfir djsxk tks fons'kh Hkk"kkvks ] lkfgr; vksj thou ds v/;;u ds fy, vko';d gks ( vksj 'ksf{kd dk;zøeks vksj xfrfof/k;ks es Hkkx ysus gsrq fofhkuu ns'kks ls vk, Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks ds fy, lqfo/kk, iznku djsxka tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; dh vf}rh;rk dk izek.k blds ewy n'kzu] uhfr;ks vksj eq[; dk;zøeks ls feyrk gs] ftudk myys[k fo'ofo ky; ds vf/kfu;e es Li"V :i ls fd;k x;k gsa rnuqlkj] fo'ofo ky; dk ges'kk ;gh iz;kl jgk gs fd,slh uhfr;k vksj v/;;u dk;zøe fodflr fd, tk, tks mpp f'k{kk ds {ks= es igys ls miyc/k lqfo/kkvks es ek= folrkj u gksdj jk"vªh; llk/kuks es egùoiw.kz o`f) djs A bl rjg fo'ofo ky;,sls dk;zøeks ij /;ku dsfunzr dj jgk gs tks jk"vª dh muufr vksj fodkl ds fy, lxr gks A bl lc/k es ] fo'ofo ky; us fueufyf[kr iz;kl fd, gs & fo'ofo ky; us jk"vªh;,drk] /kezfujis{krk] tsls fopkjks ] oskkfud n`f"vdks.k] thou ds izfr fo'oo;kih vksj ekuooknh n`f"vdks.k fodflr djus ds fy, fujurj iz;kl fd, gsa fo'ofo ky; us ns'k ds fofhkuu {ks=ks ls Nk=ks vksj f'k{kdks dk p;u djds vius jk"vªh; pfj= dks cuk, j[kk gsa Kku dh vfohkkt;rk dks Lohdkjrs gq, vurj&fo"k;d f'k{k.k rfkk 'kks/k dks c<+kok fn;k x;k gs vksj rnuqlkj v/;;u llfkkuks vksj dsuæks dh LFkkiuk dh xbz gsa 13

fo'ofo ky; es vijeijkxr {ks=ks es f'k{k.k,o 'kks/k ij cy nsrs gq, ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gs fd tgk rd lhko gks lds vu; fo'ofo ky;ks es miyc/k lqfo/kkvks dh iqujko`fùk u gksa fo'ofo ky; es Hkkjrh; vksj fons'kh Hkk"kkvks ds f'k{k.k vksj 'kks/k dk,d ekwmy Hkk"kk llfkku LFkkfir djus ij /;ku fn;k x;k gsa bles fofhkuu midj.kks ls lqlfttr Hkk"kk iz;ksx'kkyk, vksj dsuæ gs tgk lecfu/kr ns'kks ds lkfgr;] llñfr vksj lh;rk dk v/;;u dkqh mi;qdr vksj izhkkoh < +x ls gksrk gsa fo'ofo ky; es,d,slh i)fr fodflr dh xbz gs] ftlds vurxzr i<+k, tkus okys dkslz] mu dkslks± dh lf{kir fo"k;&olrq vksj ewy;kdu i)fr tsls ewy 'ksf{kd fu.kz; Lo; f'k{kdks }kjk gh fy, tkrs gsa fo'ofo ky; ds fofhkuu ikb~;øeks es izos'k ns'k Hkj es QSys 68 ds nzks vksj fons'kks es flfkr,d dsuæ ij vk;ksftr vf[ky Hkkjrh; izos'k&ijh{kk es izkir vdks dh esfjv lwph ds vk/kkj ij fn;k tkrk gsa Hkkjr ljdkj dh uhfr ds vuqlkj] fo'ofo ky; es Nk=ks dks izos'k es vksj f'k{kdks dks HkrhZ es vkj{k.k fn;k tkrk gsa fo'ofo ky; es esfjv&de&ehl Nk=o`fÙk;ks @v/;srko`fùk;ks ds fy, mnkj izko/kku gsa Nk=ks ds lkfk&lkfk f'k{kdks dks muds 'kks/k dk;z ds fy, ns'k&fons'k dk nksjk djus gsrq foùkh; lgk;rk miyc/k djkbz tkrh gsa fo'ofo ky; vurjjk"vªh; le> dks izksrlkfgr djus dh n`f"v ls fons'kks ds fo'ofo ky;ks @llfkkuks ds lkfk lklñfrd fofue; dk;zøeks es Hkkx ysrk gsa fo'ofo ky; us dbz fons'kh fo'ofo ky;ks @llfkkuks ds lkfk ^,evks;w* ij glrk{kj fd, gsa Nk=ks vksj fo'ofo ky; iz'kklu ds chp lksgknziw.kz lc/k cuk, j[kus ds fy,,d f'kdk;r fuokj.k lfefr dk xbu fd;k x;k gsa,d LoPN lkekftd okrkoj.k vksj ts,u;w leqnk; es lqj{kk dh Hkkouk fodflr djus dh n`f"v ls fo'ofo ky; us ;ksu mrihm+u ds fo#) ts Mj losnu'khyu lfefr dk xbu fd;k gsa ckck lkgsc vecsmdj ps;j] usylu emsyk ps;j] viiknqjbz ps;j] jktho xk/kh ps;j] vkj-ch-vkbz- ps;j],l-ch-vkbz- ps;j] xzhd v/;;u es ps;j tslh dbz ps;j LFkkfir dh xbz gsa fo'ofo ky; ds nfyr Nk=ks ds 'ksf{kd@foùkh; lecu/kh ekeyks dh ns[k&js[k ds fy,,d lykgdkj lfefr dk xbu fd;k x;k gsa fo'ofo ky; us fofhkuu ikb~;øeks es izos'k ysus okys vu; finm+k oxz ds meehnokjks dks izos'k ijh{kk es osvst nsus ls lcf/kr egùoiw.kz dne o"kz 1995 es mbk, FksA tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; finys dbz o"kksz ls 48 izfrhkkxh fo'ofo ky;ks ds,e-,l&lh- & tso&izks ksfxdh],e-,l&lh- & Ñf"k tso&izks ksfxdh],e-oh-,l&lh- ¼,fuey½ tso&izks ksfxdh vksj,e-vsd- tso&izks ksfxdh ikb~;øeks es izos'k ds fy, l;qdr tso&izks ksfxdh izos'k&ijh{kk lqyrkiwozd vk;ksftr dj jgk gsa ;g izos'k&ijh{kk vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr dh tkrh gsa tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; dh LFkkiuk fo'ks"k :i ls,d LukrdksRrj f'k{k.k,o 'kks/k llfkku ds :i es dh xbz FkhA fo'ofo ky; dh fo k lykgdkj lfefr us ;g fu.kz; fy;k Fkk fd fo'ofo ky; es ewyr% 10 llfkku gks xs % 1- Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku 2- lkekftd fokku llfkku 3- vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku 4- thou fokku llfkku 5- i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku 6- di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku 7- HkkSfrd fokku llfkku 8- dyk vksj lksun;z'kkl= llfkku 9- lwpuk izks ksfxdh llfkku 10- tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku 14

bues ls igys pkj v/;;u llfkkuks us o"kz 1971 es ubz fnyyh es viuh xfrfof/k;k vkjehk dha o"kz 1974 vksj 1975 es Øe'k% i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku rfkk di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku dh LFkkiuk gqbza HkkSfrd fokku llfkku o"kz 1986 es 'kq: gqvka o"kz 2001 es dyk vksj lksun;z&'kkl= llfkku vksj lwpuk izks ksfxdh llfkku 'kq: gq,a o"kz 2006 es tso&izks ksfxdh dsuæ dks tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku ds :i es vixzsm fd;k x;ka o"kz 1972 es bqky ¼ef.kiqj½ es LukrdksÙkj v/;;u ds nz dh LFkkiuk dh xbza vrr% o"kz 1981 es ;g dsuæ ef.kiqj fo'ofo ky; dk,d fgllk cu x;ka finys yxhkx 42 o"kz ds nksjku fueufyf[kr v/;;u dsuæ l`ftr fd, x, vksj bugs lecfu/kr llfkkuks dks lksik x;k % 1- lkekftd fokku llfkku & lkekftd i)fr v/;;u dsuæ &,sfrgkfld v/;;u dsuæ & jktuhfrd v/;;u dsuæ & {ks=h; fodkl v/;;u dsuæ & lkekftd fpfdrlk&'kkl= vksj lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsuæ & tkfdj gqlsu 'ksf{kd v/;;u dsuæ & fokku uhfr v/;;u dsuæ & vkffkzd v/;;u vksj fu;kstu dsuæ & n'kzu'kkl= dsuæ & 'ksf{kd 'kks/k fjdkmz ;wfuv & efgyk v/;;u dk;zøe & HksnHkko,o viotzu v/;;u gsrq dk;zøe & izks<+ f'k{kk xzqi 2- Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku & Ýs p vksj Ýs dkqksu v/;;u dsuæ & tezu v/;;u dsuæ & Lisuh] iqrzxkyh] brkyoh vksj ysfvu vejhdh v/;;u dsuæ & vjch vksj výhdh v/;;u dsuæ & Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk dsuæ & Hkk"kk&foKku dsuæ & vxzsth v/;;u dsuæ & Qkjlh vksj e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & tkikuh] dksfj;kbz vksj mùkj&iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & phuh vksj nf{k.k&iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & :lh v/;;u dsuæ 3- vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku & dukfm;u] ;w,l vksj ysfvu vejhdh v/;;u dsuæ & vurjjk"vªh; O;kikj vksj fodkl dsuæ & iwohz,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & :lh vksj e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsuæ & vurjjk"vªh; jktuhfr] lxbu vksj fujl=hdj.k dsuæ & nf{k.k] e/;] nf{k.k&iwoz,f'k;kbz vksj nf{k.k&if'pe egklkxjh; v/;;u dsuæ & if'peh,f'k;kbz v/;;u dsunz & výhdh v/;;u dsuæ & vrjjk"vªh; fof/k v/;;u dsuæ & ;wjksih; v/;;u dsuæ & rqyukred jktuhfr vksj jktuhfrd fl)kur dsunz 15

4- dyk vksj lksn;z'kkl= llfkku & 5- thou fokku llfkku & 6- i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku & 7- di;wvj vksj i)fr fokku llfkku & 8- HkkSfrd fokku llfkku & 9- lx.kdh;,o lesfdr fokku llfkku & vfhkdyukred tho fokku vksj tso&lwpuk&fokku dsuæ & mpp fu"iknu di;wfvx dsunz & dkeiysdl fllvel v/;;u dsuæ 10 tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku & 11- llñr v/;;u dsuæ & 12- vk.kfod fpfdrlk&'kkl= dsuæ & 13- fof/k vksj vfhk'kklu v/;;u dsuæ & buds vfrfjdr] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo ky; us vius jk"vªh; pfj= ds vuqlkj ns'k Hkj ds fueufyf[kr lqizfl) llfkkuks dks fo'ks"k fmfxz;k iznku djus ds fy, eku;rk iznku dh gsa 1- j{kk llfkku & lsuk dsmsm egkfo ky;] nsgjknwu & lsuk bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] iq.ks & lsuk bysdvªksfudl vksj esdsfudy bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] fldnjkckn & lsuk nwj&lpkj bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] egw & jk"vªh; j{kk vdkneh] iq.ks & uks lsuk bthfu;jh egkfo ky;] yksukokyk 2- vuql/kku vksj fodkl llfkku 1- dksf'kdh; vksj v.kq tho&fokku dsuæ] gsnjkckn 2- fodkl v/;;u dsuæ] fr:ouuriqje 3- ds nzh; vks"k/k vuql/kku llfkku] y[kuå 4- ls Vªy blvhv~;wv vkq esfmfluy,s M,sjksesfVd IykV] y[kuå 5- lw{e tsfod izks ksfxdh llfkku] p.mhx<+ 6- vurjjk"vªh; vkuqof'kdh bthfu;jh rfkk tso&izks ksfxdh llfkku] ubz fnyyh 7- jk"vªh; izfrj{kk&fokku llfkku] ubz fnyyh 8- vrj&fo'ofo ky; Rofjr dsuæ] ubz fnyyh 9- je.k vuql/kku llfkku] cxyq# 10- jk"vªh; ikni thukse vuql/kku llfkku] ubz fnyyh- 11- HkkHkk ijek.kq vuql/kku dsuæ] VªkEcs] eqecbz 16

v/;;u ikb~;øe 'ksf{kd dk;zøe vksj izos'k leh{kk/khu vof/k ds nksjku] fo'ofo ky; us 67 fo"k;ks es ih&,p-mh-],e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh-],e-vsd-@ ih&,p-mh- vksj,eih-,p@ih&,p-mh- dkslz pyk,a 06 fo"k;ks es,e-,l&lh-@,e-lh-,-] 24 fo"k;ks es LukrdksÙkj rfkk 9 fons'kh Hkk"kkvks es Lukrd ikb~;øe ¼izFke vksj f}rh; o"kz½ pyk,a buds vfrfjdr] fofhkuu Hkk"kkvks es lfvzfqdsv] fmiyksek vksj mpp fmiyksek dkslz Hkh pyk,a leh{kk/khu o"kz ds nksjku fofhkuu llfkkuks @dsuæks }kjk fueufyf[kr v/;;u ikb~;øe pyk, x, % dyk vksj lksun;z&'kkl= llfkku,e-fqy@ih&,p- Mh- % dyk vksj lksun;z&'kkl=,e-,- % ;g 4 l=h; ikb~;øe n`'; vksj vfhku; dyk ds ls)kfrd vksj vkykspukred v/;;u ij dsfuær gsa di;wvj vksj i)fr&fokku llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % ;g ikb~;øe di;wvj fokku ds fofhkuu i{kks ij dsfunzr gsa,e-vsd-@ih&,p-mh- ¼dI;wVj fokku vksj izks ksfxdh½ % ;g 2&o"khZ; ikb~;øe di;wvj fokku vksj izks ksfxdh ds {ks= es uohure tkudkjh iznku djus dh n`f"v ls rs;kj fd;k x;k gsa,e-vsd- ikb~;øe lqyrkiwozd iwjk djus ds ckn meehn~okj ih&,p-mh- ikb~;øe es ithdj.k ds ik= gks tkrs gsa eklvj vkwq di;wvj,iyhds'ku ¼,e-lh-,-½ % bl 3&o"khZ; ikb~;øe dks bl izdkj ls rs;kj fd;k x;k gs fd Nk=ks dks fokku vksj bthfu;jh ds {ks= es di;wvj vuqiz;ksx lecu/kh ls)kfurd i`"bhkwfe,o O;kogkfjd vuqhko dh vko';d tkudkjh izkir gks lds rfkk MkVk izkslsflx ds {ks= es ekuo&'kfdr dh c<+rh gqbz ekx dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsa i;kzoj.k fokku llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % pkj folr`r {ks=ks es 'kks/k lqfo/kk, miyc/k gs A ¼foLr`r fooj.k bl llfkku ds v/;k; es fn;k x;k gsa½,e-,l&lh- & i;kzoj.k fokku % ;g 4&l=h; ikb~;øe ok;qemyh;] Hkwfe] iznw"k.k vksj tho&fokkuks ds {ks= es fo'ks"khdj.k lfgr i;kzoj.k ds eq[; vk;keks ls lec) gsa vurjjk"vªh; v/;;u llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % dkslz dk;z vksj 'kks/k lqfo/kk, fueufyf[kr {ks=ks es miyc/k gs % vurjjk"vªh; jktuhfr] vurjjk"vªh; lxbu] jktuhfrd Hkwxksy] jktuf;d vksj fujl=hdj.k] vurjjk"vªh; fof/k v/;;u] vurjjk"vªh; O;kikj vksj fodkl] nf{k.k,f'k;kbz v/ ;;u] nf{k.k&iwoz,f'k;kbz vksj nf{k.k&if'pe egklkxjh; v/;;u] e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;u] phuh v/;;u] tkikuh v/;;u vksj dksfj;kbz v/;;u] if'peh,f'k;kbz vksj mùkjh výhdh v/;;u] mi&lgkjh; výhdh v/;;u] vejhdh v/;;u] ysfvu vejhdh v/;;u] ;wjksih; v/;;u] dukfm;u v/;;u rfkk :lh vksj e/;,f'k;kbz v/;;ua,e-,- jktuhfr ¼vUrjjk"Vªh; lecu/kks es fo'ks"khdj.k ds lkfk½ % ;g 4&l=h; ikb~;øe gs] ftles vurjjk"vªh; ekeyks ] {ks=h; jktuhfr] jktuhfrd fl)kr] rqyukred jktuhfr vksj vkffkzd fodkl ds {ks= 'kkfey gsa buls Nk=ks dks fofhkuu {ks=ks ds v/;;u dh xgu tkudkjh izkir gksrh gsa,e-,- vfkz'kkl= ¼fo'o vfkzo;olfkk es fo'ks"khdj.k ds lkfk½ % ;g 4&l=h; ikb~;øe gs] ftles Nk=ks dks vfkz'kkl= ds fl)krks dh Bksl ls)kfrd i`"bhkwfe miyc/k gksrh gs vksj os fo'o vfkzo;olfkk ds fodkl dks fo'ys"k.kkred <x ls le>us ds fy, rs;kj gksrs gsa 17

lx.kdh;,o lesfdr fokku llfkku,e-vsd- % di;wvs'kuy,s M fllvel ck;ksykwth izh&ih&,p-mh-@ih&,p-mh- % di;wvs'kuy ck;ksykwth,s M ck;ksbqkweszfvdl Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj llñfr v/;;u llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % vjch] vxs zth] Ýs p] tezu] tkikuh] fgunh] fgunh vuqokn] rfey]hkk"kk&fokku] :lh] phuh] Qkjlh] Lisuh vksj mnw ZA,e-fQy- % iqrzxkyha,e-,- % vjch] phuh] vxs zth] Ýs p] tezu] fgunh] tkikuh] dksfj;kbz] Hkk"kk&foKku] Qkjlh] :lh] Lisuh vksj mnw ZA ch-,- ¼vkWulZ½ % vjch] phuh] Ýs p] tezu] tkikuh] dksfj;kbz] Qkjlh] :lh vksj Lisuh ¼izFke vksj f}rh; o"kz es izos'k lfgr½a ;g ikb~;øe lqyrkiwozd iwjk djus ds ckn meehnokj lecfu/kr Hkk"kk ds,e-,- ikb~;øe es ithdj.k ds ik= gks tkrs gs A v'kdkfyd ikb~;øe tu&lpkj ek/;e es mpp fmiyksek ¼mnw Z½ iqrzxkyh vksj i'rks es mpp izoh.krk fmiyksek Hkk"kk bnksusf'k;k] i'rks es izoh.krk fmiykseka Hkk"kk bnksusf'k;k] exksyh] i'rks] brkyoh vksj mnwz es izoh.krk izek.k i«ka thou fokku llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % thou fokku ds fueufyf[kr {ks=ks es % jsx;wys'ku vkq thu,dlisz'ku] U;wDysbd,flM FksjkI;wfVDl] IykV Qhft;ksykWth,s M ck;ksvsduksykwth] tsusfvdl] QD'kuy thuksfedl] eksyd;wyj isjkflvksykwth] eksyd;wyj ck;ksfqftdl,s M LVªDpjy ck;ksykwth] be;quksykwth] jsfm,'ku ck;ksykwth,s M U;wjksfQft;ksykWth vkfna,e-,l&lh- & thou fokku % ck;ksdseslvªh] tsusfvdl] ekbøksckw;ksykth] esfksesfvdl] dsfelvªh vksj fqftdl es QkmMs'ku ds ckn fueufyf[kr dkslz pyk, tkrs gs %,IykbM eksyd;wyj ck;ksykwth] ohjksykwth] ck;ksbqkwes ZfVDl] ck;ksvsduksykwth,s M º;weu tsusfvdl] lsy flxusfyx,s M thu,dlis z'ku bu lsy fmqjs fl,'ku,s M fmlhtl] eksyd;wyj ck;ksfqftdl] LVªDpjy ck;ksykwth],moklm ekbøksck;y Qhft;ksykWth] eksyd;wyj ck;ksykwth vkq LVs ªl vkfna HkkSfrd fokku llfkku izh&ih&,p-mh-@ih&,p-mh- % llfkku dh 'kks/k xfrfof/k;k eq[;r% ukwu&fyfu;j Mk;usfeDl] Dykfldy,s M DokVe dsvksl] dsfedy fqftdl] ds Ms LM esvj fqftdl] fmlkmzmz fllvel] ukwu&bdohfyfcz;e] LVsfVLVhdy esdsfudl] DokVe QhYM Fkhvfj,sM ikfvzdy fqftdl] esfkesvhdy fqftdl] DokVe vkfivdl] LVsfVLVhdy U;wfDy;j fqftdl ds ls)kfrd {ks=ks rfkk diysdl ywbm~l] esxusfvte vksj ukwu&fyfu;j vkfivdl ds iz;ksxkred {ks=ks ij dsfuær gsa,e-,l&lh- & HkkSfrd&foKku % ;g 4&l=h; ikb~;øe gsa bles HkkSfrd fokku] jlk;u&fokku vksj xf.kr LVªhe ds Nk=ks dks izos'k fn;k tkrk gsa lkekftd fokku llfkku,e-fqy-@ih&,p-mh- % fueufyf[kr fo"k;ks es 'kks/k lqfo/kk, miyc/k gs % vkffkzd v/;;u vksj fu;kstu( 'ksf{kd v/;;u ¼euksfoKku] lekt'kkl=] vfkz'kkl=] f'k{kk dk bfrgkl½(,sfrgkfld vè;;u( jktuhfrd v/;;u( {ks=h; fodkl ¼Hkwxksy] vfkz'kkl= vksj tul[;k v/;;u½( lkekftd i)fr( lkekftd fpfdrlk&'kkl= vksj lkeqnkf;d LokLF;( fokku uhfr vksj n'kzu 'kkl=a 18