Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1 Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 23 New Zealand Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová 30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD 1 1 NEW ZEALAND... 2 1.1 GEOGRAPHY... 2 1.2 HISTORY... 3 1.3 CLIMATE... 4 1.4 QUESTIONS... 4 2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA... 6 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 7
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál poskytuje informace o Novém Zélandu, jeho geografii, historii a podnebí. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž kontrolní cvičení. 1
1 New Zealand 1.1 Geography New Zealand consists of two large islands, North Island and South Island, plus several smaller ones of which Stewart Island is the largest and often referred to as 'our third island'. North and South Islands are separated by the 32km wide Cook Strait. To the north and east lies the Pacific Ocean and between New Zealand and Australia lies the Tasman Sea. The total land area is 270,535 sq km, about the size of Italy, the United Kingdom or the US state of Colorado. New Zealand is a generally mountainous country with several large regions of plains. Twothirds of the area is between about 650 and 3,500 ft above sea level; the country has more than 220 named mountains exceeding 7,500 ft in height. The principal mountain ranges of North Island extend along the eastern side. A volcanic range in the north central region has three active volcanic peaks: Mount Ruapehu, the highest point on the island; Mount Ngauruhoe; and Tongariro. Mount Taranaki, a solitary, extinct volcanic cone, is situated near the western extremity of the island. The chief mountain range of South Island is the Southern Alps, a massive uplift extending in a south-western to north-eastern direction for almost the entire length of the island; 17 2
peaks in the range exceed 10,000 ft in elevation. Mount Cook (12,316 ft) is the highest point in New Zealand. North Island has numerous rivers, most of which rise in the eastern and central mountain. The Waikato River (4250 km), the longest river of New Zealand, flows north out of Lake Taupo, the largest lake in New Zealand, and empties into the Tasman Sea in the west. Numerous mineral hot springs are in the Lake Taupo district. Most of the rivers of South Island, including the Clutha River (210 miles), the longest river of the island, rise in the Southern Alps. The Clutha is formed by the confluence of two branches originating, respectively, in Lake Hawea and Lake Wanaka and empties into the Pacific Ocean. The largest lake on the island is Lake Te Anau in the southern part of the Southern Alps. Lake Wakatipu is the deepest and one of the largest glacial lakes in New Zealand. Over 75% of New Zealand is above 200m. The landscape of New Zealand is diverse and dramatic. There are steep mountains, deep lakes, active volcanoes and rugged coasts. The land has been sculpted by glaciers, rivers, wind, and sea. 1.2 History Maori first settled in New Zealand in the 13th century. Before that, there was no human settlement. The Maori came by canoes and soon established their own civilization based around tribal communities. The Dutchman Abel Tasman was the first European to reach the island. The British explorer James Cook visited the island in the second half of the 18th century. In the late 18th century whalers and sealers from Britain, France and the USA would visit the island and trade with the Maoris. In the early 19th century a series of inter-tribal conflicts left many Maori dead. These battles were called the Musket Wars because the Maori went to war with newly acquired muskets. In 1840, Maori chiefs and British officials signed the Treaty of Waitangi. From the British point of view it gave sovereignty to the 3
British Crown. This is still disputed by Maori people today. New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the vote, in 1893. In 1907, New Zealand gained dominion status, so it was no longer a colony of Britain. New Zealand participated in both World Wars. New Zealand became formally independent in 1947. It is still a member of the Commonwealth. 1.3 Climate As New Zealand lies in the Southern Hemisphere, it has opposite seasons to those living in the northern half of the world. Summer December to February Autumn March to May Winter June to August Spring September to November New Zealand has mild temperatures, moderately high rainfall, and many hours of sunshine throughout most of the country. New Zealand's climate is dominated by two main geographical features: the mountains and the sea. New Zealand has a largely temperate climate. While the far north has subtropical weather during summer, and inland alpine areas of the South Island can be as cold as -10 C in winter, most of the country lies close to the coast, which means mild temperatures, moderate rainfall, and abundant sunshine. Because New Zealand lies in the Southern Hemisphere, the average temperature decreases as you travel south. The north of New Zealand is subtropical and the south temperate. The warmest months are December, January and February, and the coldest June, July and August. In summer, the average maximum temperature ranges between 20-30ºC and in winter between 10-15ºC. 1.4 Questions Which islands does New Zealand consist of? Could you name any volcanoes in New Zealnd? What is the highest mountain? 4
What is the longest river? Who first settled New Zealand? What is the climate like? Prepare a short presentation about geography and history. 5
2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 6
3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 7