Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. CZ.1.07/1.3.04/04.0017 CLIL Právo
Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. Pracovní list č. 1 Vyučovací předmět Právo Ročník 4. Časová dotace 45 min Téma Division of Law Cíl vyučovací hodiny Žák získá základní znalosti o právu a právní teorii v angličtině Klíčová kompetence Kompetence k učení Kompetence komunikativní Kompetence k řešení problémů Kompetence občanské Průřezová témata Výchova demokratického občana Předpokládané jazykové znalosti A2 B1 Předpokládané odborné znalosti Znalost základů právní teorie
Očekávané výstupy Student vyplní na hodině svůj worksheet, který si ponechá a na jehož základě zpracuje domácí úkol, který pošle učiteli emailem Nová slovní zásoba Public law, private law, substantive law, procedural law, civil law, criminal law, Constitutional law, administrative law, international law, public officer, private person, legal entity, an act, jurisdiction, to be charged with, to enforce, to administer, an association, company, law, the law, rights and duties, social objective, human conduct, Civil Code, Commercial Code, Criminal Code, in court, an action, an indictment, Rules of Civil Procedure, Rules of Criminal Procedure, remedy, damage, damages, law of contract, tort, family law, property law, an omission, public order, to render guilty person liable to punishment, an offence, serious, lesser
Pomůcky Powerpoint prezentace Division of Law (příloha) Worksheet student (příloha) Worksheet učitel (příloha) Sešit na poznámky a další slovní zásobu student Popis vyučovací hodiny [Prezentace je podpůrným materiálem pro výklad učitele a práci se studenty] [Učitel pomáhá studentům s překladem veškerých textů v prezentaci a s překladem nové slovní zásoby] [Učitel zašle studentům po hodině prezentaci na jejich email.] Introduction (slide 1) Hello, please sit down. Who is absent? Let s get started. Today we are going to talk about the division of law. I will give you copies of worksheets with new vocabulary which you will fill in. We will work with the presentation containing short texts and brief explanations. The presentation will be emailed to you after the lesson. Content (slide 2) Here you can see topics of this lesson. Division of Law (slide 3) Let s begin. Legal rules can be divided in many different ways. We need to know that not all legal rules are of the same type. There are major differences in purpose, in origin and form and in the consequences of breaching the rules obtained in the law. These three divisions in the presentation are the most common and basic. Now please translate and write down new vocabulary into your work sheets. Great. Public law I (slide 4) Let s continue with definition of private law which is taken from legal dictionary. We will read the text and translate it. Please fill in new vocabulary into your worksheets during the translation.
Text: A general classification of law, consisting generally of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of the state, the relations between the state and the people who compose it, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, to each other, and to private persons and the relations of state to one another. Překlad: Jedno z hlavních třídění práva skládající se zejména z ústavního, správního, trestního a mezinárodního práva, které se zabývá organizací států, vztahy mezi státem a lidmi, kteří ho utváří, odpovědností veřejnoprávních subjektů vůči státu, vůči sobě navzájem, a vůči soukromým osobám a vztahy států mezi sebou. Fine but we have to clear the meaning of the public officer. It can be translated to Czech as veřejnoprávní subjekt. The public officer is for example the city, the Czech National Bank, the police etc. It can be defined as the legal entity created by the state and under the control of the state. As you can see this definition is not easily understandable for non-lawyers so we will look at another one. Public law (slide 5) Now we will read and translate again. Write down new vocabulary into your worksheets. Text: An act which relates to the public as a whole. It may be (1) general (applying to all persons within jurisdiction), (2) local (applying to a geographical area), (3) special (relating to an organization which is charged with a public interest. Překlad: Právní předpis, který se vztahuje na veřejnost jako celek. Může být za prvé obecný (použije se na všechny osoby spadající do soudní příslušnosti), za druhé místní (použije se na daném geografickém území), za třetí speciální (vztahuje se na organizaci, která je pověřena veřejným zájmem). Good. Let s define public law in your own words. Who has an idea? Private law (slide 6) Let s go on with private law. It is a branch of law that mainly deals with legal relationships between private individuals. Private individual can be a human being or a legal entity created according to the law. Here is another definition from legal dictionary so please read and translate and also fill new vocabulary in your worksheets. Text: That portion of the law which defines, regulates, enforces and administers relationships among individuals, associations, and corporations. Překlad: Ta část zákonů, která definuje, upravuje, vynucuje, spravuje vztahy mezi jednotlivci, sdruženími a společnostmi. Well done. Here we will stop and look at the difference between terms law and the law. The first term, LAW, should be translated into Czech as právo. The second term, THE LAW, should be translated into Czech as zákon.
Private law II (slide 7) Next, here is another definition of private law taken from legal dictionary but don t be afraid we will not read or translate it now. Your task is to rewrite it into your notebooks because the translation of this text will be your homework. Again, please rewrite it in the case that you will not be able to open the presentation at home for any reason. Email your translation to this email address. Text: As used in contradistinction to public law, the term means all part of the law which is administered between citizen and citizen, or which is concerned with the definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases where both the person in whom the right inheres and the person upon whom are private individuals. Překlad (domácí úkol): Při použití k odlišení od veřejného práva, tento termín znamená celou část zákonů, které spravují vztah mezi občanem a občanem, nebo které se zabývají vymezením, úpravou a vynucováním práv v případech, kde osoba, které náleží právo a osoba, které náleží povinnost, jsou obě soukromými osobami. Public x private law (slide 8) Now it s time for a summary and short overview of public and private law. The term public law is used when it comes to relationships in the public sphere. Those are rights and duties between the state and the individual, relationships between organizations of the state themselves, and among states. A characteristic feature of public law is that it is mainly aimed to fulfill social objectives and to protect collective interests. The term private law is used when we speak about the legal relationship between private persons. The private person is an individual, an association, or a company. The purpose of private law is to regulate their free will to the range that is given by the law. A characteristic feature of private law is that it is mainly aimed to protect individual interests Substantive x procedural law (slide 9) Let s go on with another method of division of law. It is division to substantive law and procedural law. Those are two complementary sets of rules of law. Substantive law is only an empty proclamation without procedural law because only through procedural law the rules which are set by substantive law can be enforced. Substantive law lays down rights and duties. For better understanding we can say that substantive law sets the rules of the game. These are rules on which the courts base their decisions. Procedural law lays down the method of enforcing rights and duties when someone is not following them. Procedural law sets the way how proceeding in front of the court works. For better understanding we can say that the court is a referee in the game. Substantive law (slide 10) The purpose of substantive law is simple. It regulates human conduct in specified areas. There are laws for contracts, family, companies, property, labor, crimes etc. The most important laws containing substantive law are called codes.
Please translate to English Občanský zákoník, obchodní zákoník, trestní zákoník Good job. Procedural law (slide 11) Substantive law would be useless without the possibility to enforce the rules. Procedural law serves this purpose. It regulates the method of enforcement of rights and duties. Word procedural has those synonyms: adjective and adjectival When talking about procedure we need to know the difference between words action and indictment. An action should be translated as žaloba and it is the beginning of civil case. On the other hand, an indictment should be translated as obžaloba and it is the start of criminal case. And now please translate to English again Občanský soudní řád, trestní řád Well done. Civil law (slide 12) Finally, we are going to look at the third division of law. It is division to civil and criminal law. The difference is more or less obvious but we will go through it anyway. Let s start with civil law. It defines the rights and duties of persons to one another and provides the system of remedies. Remedies are for example damages as compensation for harm sustained. The most important examples of civil law are law of contract, law of tort, family law and property law. Tort has no equal term in Czech but Czech laws know two similar terms odpovědnost za škodu and bezdůvodné obohacení. Tort should be translated as občanskoprávní delikt It is important to know the difference between damage meaning harm and translated as škoda and damages meaning compensation and translated as náhrada škody Criminal law (slide 13) Let s finish with criminal law. Opposite to civil law, criminal law is concerned with acts or omissions which are contrary to public order and society as a whole. The second purpose of criminal law is to render the guilty person liable to punishment in the form of a fine or imprisonment. Crimes are subdivided into serious offences such as murder, rape or burglary and lesser offences such as traffic infringements. Sources (slide 14) Now we are going to finish this lesson. Here are sources of the presentation. I remind you the homework the translation of the text from slide seven. Are there any questions? That s all for today, thank you.
Zdroje Chroma M.. New Introduction to Legal English I, II. Praha. 2.. Praha, Karolinum. 2007 Chroma M.. Česko-anglický právnický slovník s vysvětlivkami.2. praha. 2003 Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed., West Publishing, 1990 A. Gerloch. Teorie práva. 3. vydání. Plzeň. 2004.
Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. Pracovní list č. 2 Vyučovací předmět Právo Ročník 4. Časová dotace 45 min Téma Sources of Law Cíl vyučovací hodiny Žák získá základní znalosti o pramenech práva v anglickém jazyce Klíčová kompetence Průřezová témata Kompetence k učení Kompetence komunikativní Kompetence k řešení problémů Kompetence občanské Výchova demokratického občana Výchova k myšlení v evropských a globálních souvislostech Předpokládané jazykové znalosti A2 B1 Předpokládané odborné znalosti Základní znalosti právní teorie
Očekávané výstupy Student vyplní na hodině svůj worksheet, který si ponechá a na jehož základě zpracuje domácí úkol, který pošle učiteli emailem Nová slovní zásoba Sources of law, common sense, legislation, statutory interpretation, preparatory works, customs, customary law, legal dispute, common law legal system, legally binding, judge-made law, civil law legal system, to enact, competent authority, primary legislation, secondary legislation, delegated legislation, legislative procedure, to pass a Bill, an Act, general acts, personal and local acts, to propose, the Chamber of Deputies, expertise, European Treaties, regulation, directive, decision, case law, the court, legislative history, committee reports, committee hearing, legislative counsel, the intent, credibly
Pomůcky Powerpoint prezentace Sources of Law (příloha) Worksheet student (příloha) Worksheet učitel (příloha) Sešit na poznámky a další slovní zásobu student Popis vyučovací hodiny [Prezentace je podpůrným materiálem pro výklad učitele a práci se studenty] [Učitel pomáhá studentům s překladem veškerých textů v prezentaci a s překladem nové slovní zásoby] [Učitel zašle studentům po hodině prezentaci na jejich email.] Introduction (slide 1) Hello, please sit down. Who is absent? Let s get started. Today we are going to talk about sources of law. I will give you copies of worksheets with new vocabulary which you will fill in. We will work with the presentation containing short texts and brief explanations. The presentation will be emailed to you after the lesson. Content (slide 2) Here you can see topics of this lesson. Sources of law (slide 3) First of all we need to know what sources of law are. Sources of law are origins of rules of human conduct. It is not only written law but there are several sources. Those are common sense, customs, precedents, legislation, statutory interpretation and preparatory works. The term sources of law should be translated to Czech as prameny práva The first is common sense. It is the most basic source from which all other forms of sources of law rise. Common sense should be translated as zdravý rozum. Law always should be based on rational and logical fundaments because when law doesn t match with common sense it can be rejected by the majority of the public and people will not follow the rules they don t trust. Legislation is highlighted because it will be the main topic of the lesson. Remember to write down new vocabulary into your worksheets.
Customs (slide 4) Next we will look at customs. Notice that word custom is used in legal meaning not in general English. Custom is the oldest form of source of law. It has developed in natural way because legally binding custom rose from the behavior of the society. We are going to read and translate the definition taken from legal dictionary. Text: Custom is defined as a law not written, which being established by long use and consent of our ancestors has been and daily is put into practice. Překlad: Právní obyčej je definován jako nepsaný zákon, který je založen dlouhým užíváním a souhlasem našich předků a který byl a je denně uváděn do praxe. Customary law has been established since prehistoric ages in human society. Nowadays it is used mainly in undeveloped societies such as tribes but the best known example of customary law in modern contemporary society is British constitutional law which is completely unwritten and based on long use. Precedents (slide 5) Let s continue with the precedent. It is generally used in common law legal system which has two big branches the British and the American branch. The precedent is a judgment that settled the first legal case of a kind and it is binding for all following similar cases. It is the most flexible source of law because it isn t as static as custom or legislation and it can be changed when major differences arise in a case in comparison to previous cases. Sometimes it called judge-made law because judges decide a case and the strength of their argumentation serves as guide or basis for decisions of other judges in similar cases. Common law legal system should be translated as anglo-americká právní kultura Legal dispute should be translated as právní spor The term legally binding is translated to Czech as právně závazný And judge-made law is soudcovské právo in Czech Another important thing to know about precedents is that they are used as the source of law only in the common law legal system. Countries of continental Europe have different legal system that doesn t recognize judgments as the source of law. This legal system is called Civil law. Nevertheless, recently in countries that are members of the EU there exists a tendency that legal system of continental Europe and common law legal system becomes more and more closer to each other resulting in a change of legal opinions on judgments of the highest courts. Legislation (slide 6) Now we approach the main topic of this lesson which is legislation. It is the source of law which consists in declaration of legal rules by a competent authority. The competent authority which enacts legal rules in western democracies is in the most cases the parliament as a body that derives its legislative power from the result of elections. As you can notice from the presentation, not all of legislation is of the same type. We distinguish between primary legislation and secondary legislation. Primary legislation should be translated into Czech as primární (základní) zákonodárství Secondary legislation is translated as prováděcí (přenesené) zákonodárství
Primary legislation (slide 7) Let s go on with the more detailed explanation of primary legislation. It is that portion of legislation with which most people are familiar with. It is called statute law and proper synonym for this term is written law. New laws are made through legislative procedure which slightly varies from country to country. For better explanation we can say that legislative procedure is a way or a method through which new laws are passed. Legislative procedure is translated into Czech as legislativní proces or postup přijímání zákonů We will go through legislative procedure later this lesson. It is important to know that that primary legislation is divided by its characteristic features into two groups general acts and personal and local acts. General acts apply to everybody everywhere in the legal system. General acts are the most common type of primary legislation and should be translated as zákony se všeobecnou působností Personal and local acts, on the other hand, apply to particular individuals or more usually to particular areas. The most common examples of personal and local acts are those acts that regulate the army, military areas, the police, cities, and special areas as mines. Personal and local acts have proper translation as zákony s omezenou působností Legislative procedure (slide 8) Let s continue with legislative procedure. We will focus on Czech legislative procedure because you are familiar with it and it is easily understandable for you. The procedure of passing laws in the Czech Republic begins when a Bill is proposed by a competent body in the Parliament. The competent body can be the government, a deputy or a group of deputies, and the Senate as a whole. Then the Bill goes through a debate in the three reading in the Chamber of Deputies. After third reading there is time for voting whether to pass the Bill or not. If the Bill is passed, it goes to debate and voting to the Senate. The final step after passing the Bill in the Senate is signing the Bill by the President and the Prime Minister. After successfully completing signatures the Bill becomes an Act. The Chamber of Deputies is Poslanecká sněmovna Please note that this is standard legislative procedure without any complications. Secondary legislation (slide 9) Now we are moving to secondary legislation. For the better understanding there is a short text about secondary legislation which you will read and translate. The text was taken from legal textbook. Text: Sometimes Parliament cannot decide exactly what the law should be on a point. It may not have necessary expertise or it may be that the area is one where frequent changes are needed. In such cases Parliament may pass an Act giving somebody else the power to make law in the appropriate area. Such power is often given to government ministers or local authorities. This is the most common example of what is known as delegated or secondary legislation.
Překlad: Někdy se parlament nemůže rozhodnout, jaký by přesně měl být zákon ohledně daného bodu (záležitosti). Možná nemá potřebné odborné znalosti nebo se to týká oblasti, kde jsou potřebné časté změny. V takových případech parlament může přijmout zákon, který dává někomu jinému pravomoc vytvářet právo v příslušné oblasti. Takováto pravomoc je často dávána vládním ministrům nebo místním úřadům. To je nejčastější příklad toho, co je známo jako přenesené nebo prováděcí zákonodárství. EU legislation (slide 10) Next we will look at legislation of the European Union. Legally binding documents of the EU are subdivided into primary and secondary legislation. It is similar to legislation of a state but with a different meaning. EU law can be found mainly in the European Treaties. This portion of EU law is referred to as primary EU law. Implementing legislation or secondary EU law is obtained in regulations, directives, decisions and case law of the European Court of Justice. The third term that is used in this context is the French phrase acquis communautaire. This means everything that has been decided and agreed on since the establishment of the European Communities. Primary law of the EU is characterized as supranational. Supranational means that the part of EU law obtained in the treaties is above law of Member States and law of Member States must be in compliance with primary EU law. Secondary law of the EU also called implementing legislation can be found in regulations, directives, decision and case law of the European Court of Justice. Regulation is translated as nařízení Directive should be translated as směrnice Decision as rozhodnutí And case law has Czech equivalent precedenční právo I will not explain the meaning of this terms because it will be your homework. Statutory interpretation (slide 11) Let s move to another source of law which is statutory interpretation. Some amount of interpretation is always needed when legal dispute involves the use of the law. Sometimes the law has a clear and plain meaning causing no troubles when sides of a dispute or a court apply it. On the contrary, statutory interpretation is the only method that can bring a clear meaning when sentences and word used in the law are vague, hard to understand or unexplained. Through statutory interpretation the court can defined terms used by the law which haven t been explained yet or clear the meaning of disputable parts of the law. Statutory interpretation is the source of law because everybody can interpret the law but only the interpretation delivered by the court and the judge is legally binding. That is the ultimate purpose of statutory interpretation.
Preparatory works (slide 12) Finally we reach the last topic of this lesson and that is preparatory works as the source of law. Preparatory works are useful tool that help lawyer when they need to find the intent of the law because sometimes without knowing the true intent of the law it is impossible to interpret it correctly. Preparatory works are documents produces in legislative procedure and they are used as guidelines on how to interpret and understand the legislation. This explanation is closely connected to the term legislative history which shows us the history of the law, why it was enacted, what its purpose is, what its intent is etc. Those materials are various and differ from country to country. These documents can be for example committee reports, committee hearing or analysis by legislative counsel. The word intent is translated as záměr and word credibly as věrohodně Sources (slide 13) Now we are going to finish this lesson. Here are sources of the presentation. Homework (slide 14) The very last thing is your homework. Your task is to explain the meaning of and differences between secondary EU legislation. Email your homework to this email address. Are there any questions? That s all for today, thank you. Zdroje Chroma M.. New Introduction to Legal English I, II. Praha. 2.. Praha, Karolinum. 2007 Chroma M.. Česko-anglický právnický slovník s vysvětlivkami.2. praha. 2003 Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed., West Publishing, 1990 Smlouva o Evropské unii Smlouva o fungování Evropské unie A. Gerloch. Teorie práva. 3. vydání. Plzeň. 2004.
Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. Pracovní list č. 3 Vyučovací předmět Právo Ročník 4. Časová dotace 45 minut Téma The Constitution Cíl vyučovací hodiny Žák získá znalosti a dovednosti z ústavního práva v anglickém jazyce Klíčová kompetence Průřezová témata Kompetence k učení Kompetence komunikativní Kompetence k řešení problémů Kompetence občanské Výchova demokratického občana Výchova k myšlení v evropských a globálních souvislostech Předpokládané jazykové znalosti A2 B1 Předpokládané odborné znalosti Základy českého ústavního práva
Očekávané výstupy Student vyplní na hodině svůj worksheet, který si ponechá a na jehož základě zpracuje domácí úkol, který pošle učiteli emailem. Nová slovní zásoba Constitution, the body of rules, governance, fundamental, written, unwritten, to lay, principle, to be conformed to, extent, manner, the exercise, sovereign, power, the rule of law, legal maxim, legal principle, division of powers, the Executive, the Legislative, the Judiciary, the Chamber of Deputies, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, Constitutional Court, Supreme Control Office, local government, to supervise, supervisor, budget, region, municipality, the European Council, the European Parliament, the Council of the EU, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the EU, the Court of Auditors, the European Central Bank, to set the course, lower and upper house, to conclude, international treaty, uniformity, the Bill of Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, legal personality
Pomůcky Powerpoint prezentace The Constitution (příloha) Worksheet student (příloha) Worksheet učitel (příloha) Sešit na poznámky a další slovní zásobu student Popis vyučovací hodiny [Prezentace je podpůrným materiálem pro výklad učitele a práci se studenty] [Učitel pomáhá studentům s překladem veškerých textů v prezentaci a s překladem nové slovní zásoby] [Učitel zašle studentům po hodině prezentaci na jejich email.] Introduction (slide 1) Hello, please sit down. Who is absent? Let s get started. Today we are going to talk about the Constitution. I will give you copies of worksheets with new vocabulary which you will fill in. We will work with the presentation containing short texts and brief explanations. The presentation will be emailed to you after the lesson. Content (slide 2) Here you can see topics of this lesson. The Constitution (slide 3) First, we need to clear the meaning of the word constitution. It has two meanings. In general English it is the determination of nature and character of something. Please, now translate to Czech and write it down on your worksheets. [ ] Překlad 1: Složení - Určení povahy a charakteru něčeho Good. Let s leave general English behind and we will move to legal English. In law, The Constitution is a document containing the body of rules defining the state and the fundamental principles of governance of the people. Please translate this meaning to Czech and write it down on your worksheets as well. Překlad 2: Ústava - Soustava pravidel určujících stát a základní zásady vládnutí lidem
Slide 4 Fine. Next we will look over the definition of the constitution taken from a law dictionary. Please, read it and then translate it. This should be a group work. The definition is not as complicated as it looks, trust me. Write down the new vocabulary into your worksheets and we will move on. Překlad 3: Organický a základní zákon národa nebo státu, který může být psaný nebo nepsaný, zakládá povahu a koncepci vlády, pokládající základní zásady, se kterými musí být vnitřní život v souladu, organizuje vládu, rozděluje a limituje rozsah a způsob výkonu suverénních pravomocí. The rule of law (slide 5) To continue, we need to know the term The Rule of law. The rule of law is a legal principle which tells us that the state should exercise its power only in compliance with its own law. It is one of basic legal principles in the Anglo-American legal system. Czech equivalent of this term is Právní stát but more precise translation is Vláda práva. Legal maxim is synonym to legal principle and should be translated as právní zásada Division of powers in the state (slide 6) Let s go on with the division of powers in the state. All democratic states respecting the rule of law divide power between three branches of government. We will read the text and translate it. Please write down new vocabulary in your worksheets. Překlad 4: Ústava rozděluje vládu do tří větví, moc výkonná, v jejím čele stojí president, moc zákonodárná, která zahrnuje obě komory Kongresu (Senát a Sněmovnu reprezentantů), a moc soudní, v jejímž čele stojí Nejvyšší soud. Ústava limituje role každé větve, tak aby zabránila kterékoliv z větví, aby získala neoprávněné pravomoci. Well done and I have prepared some questions for you. The first question: Do you know which country is described in the text? Answer: The USA. The second question: Can you compare it to Czech constitutional system? Answer: the Executive, the government headed by the prime minister the Legislative, two houses of the Parliament the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies the Judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and Supreme and the Supreme Administrative Court which deals with ordinary legal matters of great importance and the Constitutional Court which deals with constitutional questions and unconstitutional acts of the state. Great and this brings us to the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The Constitution of the Czech Republic (slide 7) Here you can see a short revision of your answers. Nevertheless, the Czech Constitution has diversified powers in the state even further than the Constitution of the US. Additional institutions (slide 8)
In the Czech Constitution, there are additional constitutional institutions established. The Supreme Control Office supervises the management of the state property and the state budget The Czech National Bank is the central bank and financial market supervisor in the Czech Republic The local government to have local government is one of constitutionally granted rights Czech Republic is divided into 14 regions. Region should be translated as kraj. Lower level local governments are municipalities. Municipality should be translated as obec. The EU Institutions (slide 9) Let s zoom up to the European level. The EU is governed by seven institutions. As you can see, they are similar to constitutional institutions of a state. The European Council sets out general objectives and priorities, sets out the course of the EU It is a summit of the Heads of Governments chaired by the President of the European Council It is based in Brussels The European Parliament Holds legislative power as lower house It is last instance on the budget of the EU It appoints members of the European Commission It is equivalent of the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic The Council of the EU Holds legislative power as upper house It concludes international treaties It is equivalent of the Senate in the Czech Republic The European Commission It is government of the EU, it holds executive power It submits new legislation to the Council of the EU and European Parliament The Court of Justice of the EU Decides legal disputes between EU member states, EU institutions, businesses and individuals, it holds judiciary power It ensures uniformity of interpretation of the EU law The Court of Auditors It supervises the budget of the EU institutions
It has the same role as the Supreme Control Office The European Central Bank Ensures the price stability in the Eurozone It forms European Central Banks system together with national central banks and determines the monetary policy in the EU The European Bill of Rights (slide 10) Let s continue with the European Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights in general is very common part of constitutions around the world. The full name of this legal document is the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, translated as Listina základních práv Evropské unie. It is built on the same values and principles as Czech constitutional document called the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms which is translated as Listina základních práv a svobod. Both documents deal with human rights, rights of citizens, political, cultural and social rights. The EU from the worldwide perspective (slide 11) The last topic to go through is the EU in the worldwide perspective. Think about the EU when you are looking at the political map of the globe. Is it the international organization or is it more like a federative state? The answer has come with the Lisbon Treaty. Since the Lisbon Treaty is in effect, the EU has full legal personality according to the law of nations. To explain precisely only sovereign states have full legal personality according to the law of nations. That is why the international legal status of the EU is like a state. Sources (slide 12) Now we are going to finish this lesson. Here are sources of the presentation. Homework (slide 13) The very last thing is your homework. Compare and match Czech constitutional institutions with institutions of the EU. Email your homework to this email address. Are there any questions? That s all for today, thank you. Zdroje Čestmír Čepelka, Pavel Šturma. Mezinárodní právo veřejné. 2. C.H.Beck, Praha. 2008 Chroma M.. New Introduction to Legal English I, II. Praha. 2.. Praha, Karolinum. 2007 Chroma M.. Česko-anglický právnický slovník s vysvětlivkami.2. praha. 2003 Smlouva o Evropské unii Smlouva o fungování Evropské unie Hýbnerová. Evropská ochrana lidských práv, základní dokumenty. Karolinum. Praha. 1992 Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed., West Publishing, 1990 Václav Pavlíček a kolektiv:. Ústavní právo a státověda, II.díl
Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. Pracovní list č. 4 Vyučovací předmět Právo Ročník 4. Časová dotace 45 min Téma Electoral Process Cíl vyučovací hodiny Žák získá znalosti o volbách a volebním procesu z evropských a světových anglofonních zemí Klíčová kompetence Průřezová témata Kompetence k učení Kompetence komunikativní Kompetence k řešení problémů Kompetence občanské Výchova demokratického občana Výchova k myšlení v evropských a globálních souvislostech Předpokládané jazykové znalosti A2 B1 Předpokládané odborné znalosti Základní znalost českého ústavního práva
Očekávané výstupy Student vyplní na hodině svůj worksheet, který si ponechá a na jehož základě zpracuje domácí úkol, který pošle učiteli emailem Nová slovní zásoba Electoral process, elections, citizenship, franchise, suffrage, right to vote, electorate, selfgovernment, freedom to move and reside, freedom of movement to work, right to consular protection, municipal elections, European elections, active right to vote, passive right to vote, limited franchise, secret ballot, property and professional qualification, to enfranchise, legal incapacity, electoral register, the House of Representatives, the Chamber of Deputies, vote in person, postal vote, proxy vote, compulsory voting, eligible overseas elector, itinerant
Pomůcky Powerpoint prezentace Electoral Process (příloha) Worksheet student (příloha) Worksheet učitel (příloha) Sešit na poznámky a další slovní zásobu student Popis vyučovací hodiny [Prezentace je podpůrným materiálem pro výklad učitele a práci se studenty] [Učitel pomáhá studentům s překladem veškerých textů v prezentaci a s překladem nové slovní zásoby] [Učitel zašle studentům po hodině prezentaci na jejich email.] Introduction (slide 1) Hello, please sit down. Who is absent? Let s get started. Today we are going to talk about the division of law. I will give you copies of worksheets with new vocabulary which you will fill in. We will work with the presentation containing short texts and brief explanations. The presentation will be emailed to you after the lesson. Content (slide 2) Here you can see topics of this lesson. Electoral Process (slide 3) First of all we are going talk about electoral process in general. Electoral process is translated as volební proces and it is an important part of political system in democracy. It ensures that government is arising out the will of people. It is also a branch of constitutional law because in most democratic countries the right to vote is obtained in their constitutions. Constitution usually sets basic rules for exercising the right vote such as conditions that an individual have to meet to participate in elections like the citizenship. The right to vote is closely connected with the citizenship which is the elementary condition for participation in elections because only citizens have full right to vote. We cannot go through all English speaking countries or all European countries so we will mention only the most interesting examples from all over the world. We will focus on the United States of America, we will mention special characteristics of voting in the United Kingdom, we will look at history of the right to vote in Australia and of course we will learn a few details about the citizenship of the European Union.
Elections (slide 4) Let s begin with the definition of elections taken from American legal textbook that deals with the history of the Constitution of Unites States and their political system. We will read the short text and translate it. Text: Elections are formal procedures for making group decision. Voting is the act that individuals perform when they choose between alternatives in an election. Suffrage or franchise means right to vote. An informed electorate is the surest guarantee of the survival of democracy. Rights are in self-government balanced by duties and responsibilities of citizenship. Překlad: Volby jsou formální procedury pro dělání skupinového rozhodnutí. Hlasování je rozhodnutí, které jednotlivci (fyzické osoby) vykonají, když si vyberou mezi možnostmi ve volbě. Voličské oprávnění nebo hlasovací právo znamená právo volit a být volen. Informované voličstvo je nejjistější zárukou přežití demokracie. Práva jsou v samosprávě vyvážena povinnostmi a zodpovědností, které s sebou nese občanství. Well done. Information in the text contained all three elements necessary to exercise the right to vote. Those are voting, franchise, and the citizenship. US citizenship (slide 5) Now we will continue with the citizenship which is essential for obtaining the right to vote. The citizenship is a relationship between an individual and a state. In the United States of America, the citizenship is acquired by various means. In comparison with the rest of the world the conditions that an individual have to meet to become the United States citizen are more or less average. The US citizenship is granted for anyone who was born in the territory of the United States. That means a person born on American soil in any of states becomes the US citizen. This rule also applies for persons born in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands which are also the American territory but they are not states. A person born outside American soil becomes a citizen if at least one parent is an American citizen. Similar rule is applied also in the Czech Republic. For foreigners there is a possibility to become the US citizen through the process of naturalization. You have to meet legal requirements in order to obtain citizenship of the US which are at least 18 years of age, filed application, passing a test and examination done by immigration authorities. This applies to all adults but there are special rules for minors. EU citizenship (slide 6) Let s move from the opposite side of Atlantic Ocean to the European Union. The European citizenship has been established since the Maastricht Treaty entered into effect in 1993. It supplementary to the citizenship of Member state that means every citizen of a Member state is also a citizen of the European Union as well. You can easily recognize it on passports issued by Member states. European citizenship offers additional rights to a Member state citizenship. Freedom to move and reside grants any European citizen to move and set up his or her home in any country of the EU including his or her business activities.
Freedom to move and reside is translated as svoboda pohybu a usazování Freedom of movement to work ensures the right to be employed in any country of the EU without any discriminating conditions. Freedom of movement to work has a Czech equivalent volný pohyb pracovníků The right to consular protection from other EU states' embassies when a person's country of citizenship does not maintain an embassy or consulate in the country they need protection in is also granted by the European citizenship. Wherever the EU citizen settles he or she has the right to vote in municipal elections. Municipal elections can be translated as místní volby but more precise Czech expression is volby do obecních a krajských zastupitelstev For example a German citizen can move and settle in Belgium and run for major in the town he moved to. All EU citizens are entitled to vote and be elected in European elections which determine the composition of the European Parliament. Suffrage = Franchise (slide 7) Next topic of this lesson is suffrage or franchise. Both are synonyms for the right to vote. It consists of two separate rights active and passive right to vote. The active right to vote is right choose an alternative in the election and is translated into Czech as aktivní volební právo or právo volit. The passive right to vote means to stand in elections and to be elected and it is translated as pasivní volební právo or právo být volen. In the history of franchise different groups of persons didn t have both these particular rights. The limitation of franchise was based on gender, race, property or profession of a person. History of franchise Australia (slide 8) Let s continue with history of franchise. Today it is very common that all citizens of a state have active and passive right to vote, one person has only one vote and voting is secret but through the course of history franchise wasn t like we know it today. We will look at history of franchise as it developed in Australia as the pioneer of the modern right to vote. The Australian colonies inherited an electoral tradition form Britain that included limited franchise and public and plural voting. Limited franchise is translated as omezené volební právo. Plural or property vote in Australia meant that the amount of property a man owned determined how many votes he had. A wealthy settlor could have up to twelve votes. In 1855, the colony of Victoria introduced as the first in the world a secret ballot which became known as Australian ballot. Secret ballot is translated as tajné hlasování. In 1856, South Australia eliminated professional and property qualifications and gave the vote to all adult men. Property and professional qualification is translated as cenzus dle majetku a povolání. In 1892, South Australia gave adult women the vote. In 1890 s, all colonies adopted the principle of one vote per person and stopped the practice of plural voting. Do you know the history of franchise in Czech state and in Austria-Hungary? (It will be your homework.)
History of franchise (slide 9) Now we know about history of franchise in Australia which was a pioneer in many steps leading to the modern day right to vote. In the USA, women were enfranchised in 1920 and African Americans were fully enfranchised in 1966. Term full enfranchised means that they were given both active and passive right to vote. Although, for example in Switzerland adult females were fully enfranchised as late as 1971. Contemporary franchise the UK (slide 10) Let s move to the present day and we will talk about contemporary franchise in the United Kingdom. The first condition to meet to have right to vote in the UK is citizenship. It includes citizens of Great Britain, citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of Irish Republic. The second condition is age. A person must be 18 years old or more to participate in elections. The third condition is legal capacity to exercise the right to vote. Persons with legal incapacity are members of House of Lords, prisoners, anyone found guilty in previous five years of corrupt or illegal practices in connection with an election and persons with mental disabilities. The fourth and the last condition is listing on the electoral register. Do prisoners have the right to vote in the Czech Republic? Passive right to vote the US (slide 11) Next topic we will talk about is passive right to vote and we will use the example of the United States of America. The first is a question for you. In the USA, what is called the Congress? (Answer: The Congress of the USA consists of two chambers the House of Representatives as the lower chamber and the Senate as the upper chamber) The House of Representatives comprises 435 representatives. The number representing each state is determined by the population but every State is entitled to at least one representative. Members are elected by the people by district for two year terms and all terms run for the same period. Representatives must be at least 25 years of age, citizens of the United States for at least 7 years and live in the state they represent. Representatives are called congressmen as distinguished from senators. The Senate is composed of 100 members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. One-third of the Senate is elected every 2 years. Senators must be at least 30 years of age, citizens of the Unites States for at least 9 years and live in the state they represent in the Senate. Do you know requirements to run for president of the United States? (Answer: A person must be natural born citizen of the US, at least 35 years old, and lived in the US for at least 14 years before the election.) Can you compare the United States Congress and Czech Parliament? (Answer: Czech Parliament also has two chambers the Chamber of Deputies as lower chamber and the Senate as upper chamber. To be elected as a Deputy, a person must be citizen of Czech Republic and at least 21 years of age. To be elected as a Senator, a person must be citizen of Czech Republic and at least 40 years of age. The Chamber of Deputies is elected for 4-year term and a Senator has 6-year term. The one-third of the Senate is elected every 2 years.)
Voting (slide 12) The last topic of this lesson will be voting. In the Czech Republic a voter must attend an election in person if he wants to participate. In other countries, there exist more options how to exercise the right to vote. In the UK and Australia, a voter can cast the vote by postal services. It is called postal vote and it is translated as hlasování poštou. In the UK, they have established another possibility how to vote and it is called proxy vote and it is translated as hlasování v zastoupení. Compulsory voting (slide 13) In Czechoslovakia before the Second World War there existed a compulsory voting under a fine like it still exists in Australia. We will read and translate the short text taken from legal textbook. Text: Compulsory voting has applies at all federal elections since 1924. Voting is compulsory for all electors with the exception of eligible overseas electors, itinerant electors and Antarctic electors. Persons failing to vote at a federal election must provide a valid and sufficient reason or pay an administrative penalty of $20. Překlad: Povinná volební účast se používá ve všech federálních volbách od roku 1924. Hlasování je povinné pro všechny voliče s výjimkou oprávněných voličů v zámoří, voličů cestujících za prací a voličů z Antarktických oblastí. Osoby, které nehlasovali ve federálních volbách, musí poskytnout platný a dostatečný důvod nebo zaplatit úřední pokutu 20 dolarů. Sources (slide 14) Now we are going to finish this lesson. Here are sources of the presentation. Homework (slide 15) The very last thing is your homework. Your task is to find information about franchise in Czech state and also in Austria-Hungary. Email your answers to the address in the presentation. Are there any questions? That s all for today, thank you. Zdroje Chroma M.. New Introduction to Legal English I, II. Praha. 2.. Praha, Karolinum. 2007 Chroma M.. Česko-anglický právnický slovník s vysvětlivkami.2. praha. 2003 Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed., West Publishing, 1990 Smlouva o Evropské unii Smlouva o fungování Evropské unie Václav Pavlíček a kolektiv:. Ústavní právo a státověda, II.díl
Kurz angličtiny pro nekvalifikované učitele angličtiny na ZŠ a pro učitele odborných předmětů na OSŠP Kolín s.r.o. Pracovní list č. 5 Vyučovací předmět Právo Ročník 4. Časová dotace 45 min Téma Intellectual Property Cíl vyučovací hodiny Žák získá základní znalosti o právech duševního vlastnictví v anglickém jazyce Klíčová kompetence Průřezová témata Kompetence k učení Kompetence komunikativní Kompetence k řešení problémů Kompetence občanské Výchova demokratického občana Výchova k myšlení v evropských a globálních souvislostech Předpokládané jazykové znalosti A2 B1 Předpokládané odborné znalosti
Očekávané výstupy Student vyplní na hodině svůj worksheet, který si ponechá a na jehož základě zpracuje domácí úkol, který pošle učiteli emailem Nová slovní zásoba Intellectual property law, patent, a design, copyright, goods, to capitalize on, goodwill, a business, supplier, material and artistic form, mental faculties, industrial property rights, an invention, exclusive right, monopoly right, patent office, property, business asset, statutory protection, to qualify for, patentable, inventive step, be capable of, industrial application, appearance, ornamentation, feature, trademark, geographical indication, a trade, services, original work of authorship, literary work, musical work, dramatic work, artistic work