Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1 Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 25 Canada - geography Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová 30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD 1 1 CANADA GEOGRAPHY... 2 1.1 GENERAL GEOGRAPHY FACTS... 2 1.2 CANADIAN ARCTIC... 3 1.3 CANADIAN PRAIRIES... 3 1.4 CANADIAN SHEILD AND CENTRAL REGIONS... 3 1.5 MARITIMES AND ATLANTIC CANADA... 4 1.6 WESTERN CANADA AND THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS... 4 1.7 CLIMATE... 4 1.8 QUESTIONS... 5 2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA... 6 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 7
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál se zabývá geografií a podnebím Kanady. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž kontrolní cvičení a příprava prezentace. 1
1 Canada geography 1.1 General geography facts Canada's land mass is 9 970610 km2 (The world's second largest country) Ottawa is the Capital of Canada (located in Ontario) Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. There are more than 100 national parks and historic sites in Canada. Mountain Ranges include: Torngats, Appalachians, Laurentians, Rocky, Costal, Mackenzie, Mt.St. Elias and the Pelly Mountains. Great Bear lake is the largest lake in Canada with an area of 31 326 km2 The longest river is the Mackenzie River flowing 4241 km through the NWT. Canada has six time zones. In NFLD the time zone is 3 hours and 30 minutes past Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) The other time zones are full hours behind GMT. The farthest west is the Pacific at 8 hours behind GMT. Canada's capital, Ottawa, has the coldest average temperature of any capital city in the world. Canadian Border with the United States is 8,890 kilometres Canada has the longest coastline in the world 202,080 kilometres 2
Distance East to West is 5,514 kilometres Highest mountain in Canada is Mount Logan, Yukon Territory 5959 metres 1.2 Canadian Arctic North of the tree line, the Canadian Arctic is primarily composed of permanent ice and tundra. The most northern mountains, the Inuitian Mountains are on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut. The arctic regions of Canada include the Canadian Territories: Yukon Territory, Northwest Territory and Nunavut; and also some of the northernmost parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Quebec. 1.3 Canadian Prairies East of the Rockies are the interior plains spanning most of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The predominantly flat and treeless terrain are where most of the arable agricultural farms in Canada can be found. The Cypress Hills and Alberta Badlands are the exception to the stereotypical Prairie province look. These areas are quite hilly and rugged. Northern Manitoba is also a more rugged region dotted by thousands of lakes. Northern Manitoba is also a popular spot for visitors to Canada in search of polar bears around Churchill on the edge of Hudson Bay. 1.4 Canadian Sheild and Central regions Canada's central provinces of Ontario and Quebec are some of the most densely populated areas and also some of the most thinly populated. The two larges provinces are roughly the size of Western Europe. Ottawa, Canada's capital city, is located in Ontario on the border of Quebec. South and Western areas of Ontario border the United States and the Great Lakes. Much of the north of the province is forested or covered by the dense rocky surface known as the Canadian Shield which extends into the Arctic and Quebec. Quebec's major cities (Hull, Montreal, Quebec City) lie along the Saint Lawrence River. The Northern Appalachian Mountains reach from the USA into Quebec. The Gaspé Peninsula is where the Saint Lawrence meets the Atlantic Ocean. Quebec's northern expanse is surrounded by water and Labrador. 3
1.5 Maritimes and Atlantic Canada The Maritime Provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia make up Eastern Canada. The Atlantic Provinces incorporate these Maritime Provinces and also include Newfoundland and Labrador. Most of the Maritimes are forested areas with river valleys and plenty of coastlines. Prince Edward Island is connected to the mainland by the Confederation Bridge to New Brunswick and a ferry route to northern Nova Scotia. Cape Breton is Nova Scotia's northern island which is accessibly by road and rail routes which cross a causeway. Cape Breton is also home to a huge inland lake known as Bras d'or Lake and the Cape Breton Highlands. The island of Newfoundland and northern region of Labrador are mostly barren regions which can see icebergs floating by major settlements. The Capital of the province, St. John's, has a varied climate due to its location on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. 1.6 Western Canada and the Rocky Mountains Western Canada and the Rocky Mountains include the provinces of British Columbia, the western part of Alberta and the southern regions of Yukon Territory. Most of the terrain in Western Canada is rugged mountains. However, British Columbia is also home to rainforests, a desert, rolling green pastures and world-class winemaking vineyards. Most of Western Canada is coniferous forest. The Rocky Mountains are part of the North American continental divide reaching from the Arctic Circle into the United States. Most of the mountains are impassable and the handful of routes through the Canadian Rockies are noted as some of the most spectacular drives and rail routes anywhere in the world. The Pacific Coast is home to thousands of islands, the largest being Vancouver Islands. Separated from the mainland by the Georgia Strait and Juan de Fuca Strait, Vancouver Island is where the capital of British Columbia, Victoria, can be found. 1.7 Climate Canada is often associated with cold weather and snow, but in reality, its climate is as diverse as its landscape. Generally, Canadians enjoy four very distinct seasons, particularly in the more populated regions along the US border. Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35 C and higher, while lows of -25 C are not uncommon in winter. More moderate temperatures are the norm in spring and fall. Summers can be hot and dry on the prairies, humid in central Canada, and milder on the coasts. Spring is generally pleasant across the 4
country. Autumns are often crisp and cool, but brightened by rich orange and red leaves on trees. Winters are generally cold with periods of snow, although southern Alberta enjoys the occasional "Chinook", a warm dry wind from the Rocky Mountains that gusts through and melts the snow. Winters are mild and wet on the west coast, in cities such as Vancouver and Victoria. 1.8 Questions Where is Canada situated? What is its area? How is Canada divided? What are the highest mountains in Canada? What is the capital? How many time zones are there in Canada? Which provinces are the most densely populated? What is the climate like? Look at the map of Canada and try to find everything. Prepare a short presentation about geography of Canada. 5
2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 6
3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 7