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1 Zootaxa 3616 (5): Copyright 2013 Magnolia Press Article Annotated checklist of the grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Czech Republic ISSN (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN (online edition) JAROSLAV HOLUŠA 1, PETR KOČÁREK 2, ROBERT VLK 3 & PAVEL MARHOUL 4 1 Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic. holusaj@seznam.cz 2 Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ Ostrava 2, Czech Republic 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Poříčí 7, CZ Brno, Czech Republic 4 Daphne CZ Institute of Applied Ecology, Slezská 125, CZ Praha 3, Czech Republic Abstract A checklist is presented of the Orthoptera of the Czech Republic. Based on the critical revision of published data and previous lists of species, which often contained only general or questionable data and which often inaccurately cited each other, we found 96 species of Orthoptera belonging to the fauna of the Czech Republic. We emphasize those changes that are based on comparison with previous checklists. We provide information on missing, unclear, and extinct species and on newly detected species, and we confirm the status of species that have been missing for a long time (Leptophyes boscii, Polysarcus denticauda, Ruspolia nitidula, Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, Tetrix bolivari, Mecostethus parapleurus). We also note those species for which only several individuals have been detected (Pteronemobius heydenii) or those survived only at a single locality (Platycleis montana, Aiolopus thalassinus, Dociostaurus brevicollis, Omocestus petraeus) or at two localities (Poecilimon intermedius, Platycleis veyseli, Pseudopodisma nagyi). Phaneroptera nana is recorded as new for Bohemia. Key words: Orthoptera, checklist, new records, Czech Republic, Bohemia, Moravia Introduction The Orthoptera is a cosmopolitan order including about 26,000 species and 4,200 genera (Eades et al. 2007). Of the approximately 170 species in Central Europe (Ingrisch & Köhler 1998), about two thirds have been reported to occuring in the Czech Republic (CR). From a faunistic point of view, the Orthoptera in the area of the CR (Bohemia and Moravia see Description of the study area) are relatively well treated, although a summarized compilation in the form of a distribution atlas is still lacking. Until now, more than 350 works ranging from short faunistic reports to comprehensive elaborations of some areas or taxonomical groups have been published (Holuša et al. 1999a; Kočárek et al. 2005). The first works concerning orthopteran insects in the area of the CR were published in the first half of 19 th century (Seidl 1836; Fieber 1853); several other works were published late in the 19 th and early in the 20 th century (Krejčí 1896, 1903; Haury & Nickerl 1905; Czižek 1905, 1915, 1917; Zacher 1907a, b, 1913). The turning point in Czech orthopterological research was the publication of the first monograph specialized for the area of the Czech and Slovak Republics by Obenberger (1926). This remained the only paper written in Czech and concerning identification of the Orthoptera for many decades. Later, identification keys for particular orders of orthopteran insects were also compiled in the compendium Key of Animals of the Czechoslovak Republic (Dobšík 1959). The first complete checklist of Czech species (both Czech and Slovak species) was compiled by Mařan & Čejchan (1977). However, that checklist was not annotated and did not provide details concerning the occurrence of particular species, although it did provide some detail concerning extinct species, it did so without reliable analysis. Because species new to the area of the CR had been detected, another checklist was compiled but it also was not annotated (Kočárek et al. 1999). After this checklist was published, an intensive study of bush-crickets and grasshoppers was begun and it has helped determine the threatened status of many species (Holuša & Kočárek Accepted by D. Rentz: 3 Dec. 2012; published: 22 Feb

2 2005). Since that time, our knowledge of the Orthoptera in the CR has substantially increased; faunistic surveys of many other areas have been performed, and the occurrence of many species has been confirmed (Holuša & Kočárek 2000; Holuša & Holuša 2003; Fedor et al. 2004; Holuša & Kočárek 2006; Holuša et al. 2007a, b; Kočárek et al. 2008; Holuša 2012). During the last decade, intensive faunistic surveys have concentrated on endangered orthopteran fauna (e.g., Holuša et al. 2007a, b, 2009, 2010, 2012b; Kočárek et al. 2011). To the present time, 96 orthopteran species have been reliably detected in the CR. The number of species inhabiting the area of the CR was reported to be 89 in 1977 (Mařan & Čejchan 1977) and 94 in 1999, when the last checklist of Orthoptera of the CR was published (Kočárek et al. 1999). Since that time, three other species have been recorded in the area of the CR. (Phaneroptera nana, Isophya pienensis, Meconema meridionale). This contribution presents a new checklist of bush-crickets and grasshoppers in the area of the CR. Its results include entries from the previous checklists, but species are included only if they have had or still have permanent populations that are reproducing either in nature or in association with humans. Species that were definitely introduced (imported) (Onconotus laxmanii, Anacridium aegyptium, Acrida ungarica) to the area of the CR are not included in the checklist. Old lists of species (Fieber 1853; Haury & Nickerl 1905; Krejčí 1896; Obenberger 1926), which contained only general or questionable data and which often very inaccurately cited each other, were critically reviewed. Especially annotated are those changes that resulted from comparison with previous checklists. We provide information on missing, unclear, and extinct species and on newly detected species, and we confirm the status of species that have been missing for a long time (Leptophyes boscii, Polysarcus denticauda, Ruspolia nitidula, Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, Tetrix bolivari, Mecostethus parapleurus). We also note those species for which only several individuals have been detected (Pteronemobius heydenii) or that survive only at a single locality (Platycleis montana, Aiolopus thalassinus, Dociostaurus brevicollis, Omocestus petraeus) or at two localities (Poecilimon intermedius, Platycleis veyseli, Pseudopodisma nagyi). Information sources Identification keys: Kočárek et al Checklists: Krejčí 1896, 1903, Haury & Nickerl 1905, Mařan & Čejchan 1977, Kočárek et al Bibliography of the Czech Republic: Holuša et al. 1999a, Kočárek et al Description of the study area For floristic and faunistic research, the CR (78,864 km 2 ) is traditionally divided into two historical territories Bohemia and Moravia (Fig. 1). From a zoogeographical point of view, the entire territory of Bohemia (52,125 km 2 ) belongs to the Hercynian subprovince of the Central European Deciduous Forest province (Culek et al. 1996); the western part of Bohemia includes the eastern-most distribution limit of several Atlantic faunal elements. As commonly referred to in natural history research, the territory of Moravia (26,739 km 2 ) contains the true, historical Moravia and the so-called Austrian (or Czech) Silesia, i.e., the small part of the former Silesian territory that in 1742 remained a part of the Austrian Empire (Fig. 1). From a zoogeographical point of view, most of Moravia belongs to three subprovinces of the Central European Deciduous Forest province: the Hercynian subprovince occupies the largest (14,806 km 2 ), mostly western part of Moravia; a small territory (1,469 km 2 ) in the north belongs to the Polonian subprovince; and the eastern part of Moravia (7,217 km 2 ) belongs to the Western- Carpathian subprovince. The warmest, southeastern part of Moravia belongs to the North-Pannonian subprovince of Pannonian province of steppes (3,247 km 2 ) (Culek et al. 1996). Its location at a zoogeographical crossroad substantially enriches the Moravian fauna, which include many Carpathian, Pannonian, or Mediterranean species that do not extend to Bohemia. The Bohemian-Moravian boundary lost its administrative function completely in 1960, when new administrative divisions within Czechoslovakia were established, and this situation continues. Despite this situation, the historical Bohemian-Moravian boundary is still considered in natural history research. Unfortunately, the historical Bohemian-Moravian boundary has been excluded from all common maps of the CR, which complicates the work of researchers and obscures an important part of Czech history. 438 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

3 Several systems of floristic and faunistic mapping were suggested during the 20 th century. The Central European system established by Ehrendorfer & Hamann (1965) was used for the former Czechoslovakia and has been generally accepted for both floristic and faunistic research in the CR (e.g., Zelený 1972; Buchar 1983; Čepelák et al. 1989; Novák 1989; Pruner & Míka 1996). According to the system of Ehrendorfer & Hamann (1965), areas on the map of Central Europe are delimited by latitudinal parallels (6 6 minutes) and meridians (10 10 minutes) with an approximate size of km. Each approximately square area is identified by a fourfigure numerical code in which the first numbers refer to the row and the other numbers refer to the slope (Fig. 1). Since 1995, intensive orthopterological research has been carried out in the CR. Of the 678 squares covering the area of the CR in Ehrendorfer and Hamann s Central European mapping grid system, at least 70 % have been surveyed. We consider a square to have been surveyed if more than five localities that included typical as well as extreme habitats in that square were studied (Fig. 1). FIGURE 1. Map of the Czech Republic with marked historical boundaries between Bohemia and Moravia (including Czech Silesia), and the Central European mapping grid system according to Ehrendorfer & Hamann (1965). List of species Our list of species contains all orthopteran species known from the CR, divided into higher taxonomic units; suborders are indicated by bold font and uppercase letters, families and subfamilies are indicated by uppercase letters, and species are indicated by italics. The most frequently used synonyms and synonyms used in the Czech literature are indicated by single quotation marks and are listed under the valid names of species. Presence of the species in Bohemia and/or in Moravia is indicated with letters B and M, respectively. Changes in comparison with the previous checklist (Kočárek et al. 1999) are discussed in detail in the Comments section. All species that are commented on are indicated with an asterisk *. In the Comments section, all changes relative to the previous checklist are listed including citations of appropriate publications and faunistic data concerning new findings. These data are presented in the standard form used in faunistic and systematic studies (example: Moravia mer., Novosedly, clay-pit, 17.iv. 2011, 2 M, 2 F, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll.). For the purposes of the checklist, it is necessary to define three categories used in red lists: regionally extinct, missing, and unclear taxa. According to the IUCN (2003), taxa extinct within a region but extant in other parts of CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 439

4 the world should be classified as Regionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual capable of reproduction within the region has died or disappeared from the region. In the case of a former visiting taxon, a taxon is RE if individuals no longer visit the region. It is not possible to set any general rules for defining how much time must pass before a species is classified as RE. This will depend on how much effort has been devoted to searching for the taxon, which in turn will vary, both with organism and region. If the regional authority decides to adopt any time frames for RE assessments, these should be clearly specified (IUCN 2003). Orthopteran species that are regionally extinct were discussed in detail by Holuša (2012). For the purposes of the checklist, we implemented two other categories, Missing and Unclear, which are partially recognized by the IUCN (2003) in its category Data Deficient. We classify a species as Missing if no living individuals are known at present and if individuals at the last known localities can be proved to be extinct. However, the species could survive at unknown localities. We classify a species as Unclear if no living individuals are known and if it is unclear whether the species has ever inhabited the area in question in the past. Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 Material examined. Bohemia centr., Praha, Albertov, 1 M, 6.xi.2009, O. Balvín leg., det. et coll. Circum-mediterranean species distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia Minor (Kočárek et al. 2005). In the CR, it was found for the first time in southern Moravia at the beginning of the 1990s (Vlk 2002). At the present time, it is known from many southern Moravian localities reaching Brno and its surroundings (Kočárek et al. 2008). Recently, it has been found in Prague (as noted earlier in this report). It very probably is a distant introduction, i.e., it was introduced by highway or railway traffic. However, it is also possible that a breeding population has existed in the area of Prague for a substantial period but has been overlooked because it occurs high in tree canopies. New species for Bohemia. Leptophyes boscii Fieber, 1853 Material examined. Bohemia mer., Český Krumlov, 3.viii.2008, 1 M, 2 F, 15.viii.2008, 1 M, 1 F, 10.viii.2010, 1 M, 2 F; P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll.; 29.ix.2012, 1 M, J. Holuša leg., det. et coll.; Klenová, 15.viii.2009, 2 M, P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll. Species with relatively small area of distribution; it occurs from central Europe to northern Italy and the western parts of the Balkan Peninsula (Kočárek et al. 2005). In the CR, it has been previously found only in the surroundings of Český Krumlov (Čejchan 1955). In neighbouring countries, it has been reported from Slovakia (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ), but the occurrence there must be confirmed, and from Austria, where it occurs continuously from Vienna southwards (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009). Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) Material examined. Bohemia centr., Praha, NM Baba, 23.vii.2008, 2 M, 2 F, 22.viii.2011, 1 M; Praha, NM Podbabské skály, 7.vii.2009, 1 M, P.; Praha, NM Ctirad, 12.vii.2009, 1 M, all P. Marhoul, leg., det. et coll.; Praha, Apolinářská ulice street, 6.x.2010, 1 ex., O. Balvín, leg., det. et. coll.; Praha, Bohnické údolí NM, 7.viii.2012, 1 M, P. Marhoul, leg., det. et coll.; Moravia mer., Brno Wilsonův les forest, 5.ix.2012, 1 F, 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. An originally European species that was introduced into the U.S.A. In Europe, it represents an Atlantic faunistic element distributed from southern Scandinavia, through the British Isles and Western Europe, including France and northern Spain, to northern Italy and the Balkan Peninsula (Chobanov 2003; Kočárek et al. 2005). The occurrence of L. punctatissima in eastern central Europe is concentrated mostly in urban areas, and its distribution is probably connected with its importation on ornamental plants (Harz 1957 and Detzel 1998 in Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009). 440 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

5 Nymphs inhabit herbaceous and bush layers, and adults are considered to be inhabitants of bushes and trees, but it is possible to find adults on taller herbaceous plants. This species lives first along habitat edges like forest margins but also in open deciduous woodlands, open orchards, and tall herbage. In urban areas, it is found in parks, gardens, and terraces with rich greenery (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009). From the CR, only findings from Prague (Čejchan 1988; as noted earlier in this report) and Brno (Chládek 2002; as noted earlier in this report) are known. They probably represent only local populations that developed from distant introductions. Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1798) Material examined. Moravia mer., NP Podyjí Lipinská louka, 8.v.2009, 1 nymph M, 1 nymph F, reared, P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll., 27.vi.2011, 1 nymph M, 1 nymph F, reared, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. Area of distribution is situated inside a belt extending from Belgium and eastern France through central Europe to the north of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraina (Kočárek et al. 2005). In neighboring countries, it occurs in Germany (Ingrisch & Köhler 1998), Austria (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009), and western Slovakia (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ). Therefore, the occurrence in Bohemia is possible, especially given the occurrence in Germany near the Czech border (DGFO 2012); it is mentioned by Haury & Nickerl (1905) but without specific information concerning locality. Other findings are not dependable (Obenberger 1926; Chládek 1979). It is reliably documented only from southern Moravia (Chládek 1979; Holuša 2003; as noted earlier in this report). Isophya pienensis Mařan, 1954 Material examined. Moravia mer., Soběšice, 1998, 1M, 1F, F. Chládek leg. et det., R. Vlk coll. It was described relatively recently from the Pieniny Mts. in Slovakia (Mařan 1954). In the CR, it was found for the first time in 2004 at several localities in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. (Kočárek & Holuša 2006). Other findings were published from southern Moravia (Soběšice, Braitava) (Chládek 2010a, 2011) and the White Carpathians [= Bílé Karpaty Mts.] (Holuša et al. 2012a), from the Rychlebské hory Mts. (Petříkov), and also from the Orlické hory Mts. in Bohemia (Deštné) (Chládek 2010a, 2011). The identification is difficult; the species is distinguished by its characteristic stridulation and by the structure of the stridulatory apparatus (Kočárek et al. 2005). Poecilimon intermedius (Fieber, 1853) Euro-Siberian species (Kočárek et al. 2005). In the CR, P. intermedius is a rare, relict species known from only two localities: Kamenný vrch hill near Hustopeče (Chládek 1980) and Velká nad Veličkou (Chládek 2003; Holuša et al. 2012a). Moravia represents the western-most limit of its large distributional range (Kočárek et al. 2005). It is wingless, and only parthenogenetic females are known from the CR (Chládek 1980). Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825) Material examined. Bohemia or., Libáň, 15.vi.2012, common, P. Marhoul observ. European montane species distributed in the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, and the southern Balkan mountains (Kočárek et al. 2005). In the CR, it has been considered to be rare because records exist from only three isolated areas. The most abundant occurrences are known from several localities in the White Carpathians Landscape protected area, connected with a continuous distributional range in the Carpathians. In addition, it has been also known from two isolated relict localities outside the main area of its distribution: in Bohemia near Jičín and in Moravia near Olomouc. However, at the last mentioned locality, it has not been confirmed during the last 60 years, and the population has been extinct for a long time (Holuša et al. 2007c; as noted earlier in this report). During 2008, another isolated locality was detected in the foothills northeast of the Jeseníky Mts. near Zlaté Hory (Kočárek et al. 2009). CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 441

6 Meconema meridionale A. Costa 1860 Material examined. Bohemia centr., Praha-Suchdol, 28.x.2012, 1 F, I. Křížová leg., J. Holuša det. et coll. M. meridionale occurred until 1900 or even the 1950s only in Italy and some neighboring countries. During the 1960s, M. meridionale began to expand northwards from its original area of distribution and gradually occupied the northern Alps, southern Germany, and northern France. During the 1990s, it reached central Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Hungary, and in 2001 it was found in Great Britain. An isolated population was also found along the northeast coast of the Black Sea in Bulgaria in During the last 5 years, it occupied northern Germany (Vlk et al. 2012). In the CR, M. meridionale was observed for the first time in a camping site in Prague in September One year later, it was caught in a camping site at Slapy, about 35 km (SSE) from the first locality. Both of these first records of M. meridionale in the CR were merely incidental (Balvín et al. 2010). The records of M. meridionale in the CR come mostly from urban environments or they are connected with the car traffic and clearly support the idea of its passive dispersal by cars, especially by caravans and trucks (Chládek 2009; Vlk et al. 2012). However, it has been found recently also in a sparse deciduous forest, which represents the habitat type preferred in the original area of distribution, i.e., in southern Europe. The current known distribution is concentrated in lower altitudes in Central Bohemia, especially in Prague, and in Southern Moravia, especially in Brno, and also southwards along the main road to Mikulov (Vlk et al. 2012). Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786) Material examined. Moravia mer., Jevišovka, 21.viii.2010, 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll.; Vrbovec-Ječmeniště, 26.vii.2011, 1 M, 1 F, P. Marhoul leg, det. et coll., 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll.; Kobylí-Lacary, 27.vii.2012, 1 nymph F, B. Škrabalová leg., R. Vlk det. et coll. This species is distributed in Europe, Africa, and the Palearctic part of Asia (Kočárek et al. 2005). In the CR, it has long been considered missing (Kočárek et al. 1999). At present, it is known only from southern Moravia and as a rare species. However, it has recently been spreading and may therefore be found in some other places in the CR (Holuša et al. 2007a). Three pairs of R. nitidula that originated from Hungary were introduced into central Bohemia in 2010 (Slameň in verb.). At the same locality, three singing males were found in 2011 and five singing males were found in The occurence is not included in this checklist because the population seems to be fixed at the site; no spreading was observed. The site where it was introduced is a very small garden isolated within a built-up area. In neighbouring countries, it occurs in southern Slovakia (Krištín et al. 2007b), in the lowland part of Lower Austria (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009), and in a small area in the southern-most part of Germany (DGFO 2012). Gampsocleis glabra (Herbst, 1786) From the area of the CR, three localities have been published (Seidl 1836; Ginter 1951; Hykeš 1925), but the only reliably documented locality is Větrníky (Ginter 1951; Holuša 2012). Unfortunately, the wetland area at Větrníky has been overgrown with bushes and there are no regularly mown sedge meadows, like those that were available in the past. This is certainly the reason for regional extinction of the species (Holuša 2012). Platycleis montana (Kollar, 1833) Material examined. Moravia mer., Lanžhot (Doubravka), 3.ix.2007, 30.ix.2011, 7.ix.2012, J. Holuša observ. P. montana has an East-European distribution and is widespread in Austria, Hungary, and Germany, and on the steppes of the former Soviet Union to Kazakhstan and Western Siberia (Harz 1969). This bush-cricket is rare in Central Europe, and the western edge of its range includes Germany (DGFO 2012; Ingrisch & Köhler 1998), Poland (Bazyluk 1956; Bazyluk & Liana 2000; Liana 2000), Lower Austria and Burgenland (Berg & Zuna-Kratky 1997; Bieringer & Berg 2001), Slovakia (Mařan 1956; Gavlas 2002; Gavlas & Krištín 2004), as well as the CR. 442 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

7 In the CR, its occurrence in several localities in the southern-most part of Moravia was reported by Görtler (1946), Čejchan (1985), and Holuša & Kočárek (2006). It is probably currently missing at most of the published localities (Holuša & Kočárek 2006). At present, it occurs only at a single locality in the environs at Lanžhot village, where its population consists of dozens of individuals. Platycleis veyseli Kocak, 1984 Material examined. Moravia mer., Velké Bílovice, Úzké Úlehle, 1 M, 2 F, 26.ix.2011, J. Holuša leg., det et coll. P. veyseli occurs in southeastern Europe, southern Russia, northeastern Turkey, northern Iran, Transcaucasia, and Turkestan (Ciplak et al. 2002). The northwestern edge of its range is in the Pannonian part of eastern Austria and the CR (Franz 1961; Kaltenbach 1970; Holuša & Chládek 1998). P. veyseli has not been found beyond the borders of Pannonia in the CR (Holuša 2003; Holuša et al. 2008), in Slovakia (Holuša & Chládek 1998; Krištín et al. 2004), or even in Austria (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009). In the CR, P. veyseli has been found at only four localities (Holuša et al. 2012b). It seems to have disappeared from two localities in the 1960s. The research suggests that P. veyseli in the CR is on the brink of extinction because of extreme fragmentation of suitable habitats and degradation of optimal habitats (Holuša et al. 2012b). Pholidoptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793) Material examined. Bohemia bor., Jetřichovice, viii.2009, J. Holuša observ.; Bohemia centr., Týřovicehrad Týřov castle, 20.vii.2005, 3M, J. Holuša leg., det. et coll.; Bohemia occ., Korunní Kyselka, 5644, 2.viii.2006, 2M, 1F, P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll.; Moravia mer., Vranov nad Dyjí, Býčí hora hill, 23.vii.2006, 1F, J. Holuša et P. Kočárek, leg., det. et coll. This species is known from several isolated areas in Bohemia (Mařan 1953; as noted earlier in this report), where it was described as the separate subspecies Ph. aptera bohemica. The status of this subspecies is uncertain as well as the classification of individuals from south-moravian localities. Its occurrence there has not been confirmed recently in previously recorded localities; these include Mohelno (Chládek 1976) and the Jihlava River valley (Dobšík 1948). The only recently confirmed locality in Moravia is Podyjí NP (Vranov nad Dyjí). Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853) Material examined. Moravia mer., Brno (Brünn), 7.vii.1912, 1F, anonymous collector, but the specimen is deposited in the collection of Czižek, MZM coll., J. Holuša revid. (Dobšík 1948). From the area of the CR, we know of only one record for this species, and this record describes the finding of one female (Dobšík 1948). It is a central, south and south-eastern European species, distributed from the Pyrenees, through Province and the southern Alps to Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania, and to the Balkans including Greece. Its distribution also included the Apennine peninsula including Calabria and Sicily (Nadig 1991), and it has been reported from Turkey (Kočárek et al. 2005). In central Europe, it inhabits only the southern slopes of the Alps (Thorens & Nadig 1997) nearly to Vienna (Franz 1961). The occurrence near Vienna has been recently confirmed (Berg & Zuna-Kratky 1997). Its occurrence near Brno could be part of its range in the Alps, and could represent the northern edge of a distributional range, which continues into Slovakia. In Slovakia, it is common in submontane and montane altitudes, although its precise distribution has not been published (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ). In Hungary, its distribution is scattered because it has been detected in 10.2 % of studied fields (squares) (Rácz 1998). In Romania, it is more common, and is absent in only five of 21 eco-regions (Iorgu et al. 2008). Because of the insufficient information concerning the occurrence of Orthoptera in the CR, and especially information about suitable habitats and whether the distribution in the CR is linked to distribution in the Carpathians, we consider this species as missing rather than extinct. CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 443

8 Troglophilus neglectus (Krauss, 1879) From the CR, it was first reported as T. cavicola (Holuša et al. 1999) on the basis of misidentification, and it has been considered to be introduced (Kočárek et al. 1999). In Moravia, it has been found only in several caves in the environs of Hlubočky (Holuša et al. 1999). In Bohemia, it inhabits caves, cellars, bunkers, etc. in the area of České Švýcarsko NP (Chládek et al. 2000). It is wingless, and only parthenogenetic females are known from the CR (Koèárek et al. 2005). Cave-crickets of the genus Troglophilus are distributed mostly in karst areas of South Europe. T. neglectus is a European species reported from Germany, southern Austria, northern Italy, from the countries of former Yugoslavia (described from Istria), and from Greece (Karaman et al. 2011). Pteronemobius heydenii (Fischer, 1853) P. heydenii is a hygrophilous and thermophilous species inhabiting lowland, but not overshadowed, wetlands, fens, banks of streams, rivers, and pools (Koschuh & Zechner 2000; Bedjanič 2004). In the CR, P. heydenii has been hitherto found only twice in Moravia, near Lednice (Čejchan 1985) and near Bzenec (Kočárek 2010). A recent finding of only one individual in Bzenec-Přívoz does not confirm an established population in this locality because that individual may represent a migrant. The locality and surrounding area where this individual was found have been carefully and repeatedly searched, but no other specimen of P. heydenii has been found. Given the occurrence of stable populations of the species in the north of Lower Austria (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009), the species may be expected to occur along the Czech-Austrian border. Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) Material examined. Moravia mer., Vítonice, 11.viii.2011, 1M, P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll. E. bordigalensis is a xerothermic species living on forest-steppes and steppes. It is widespread throughout northern Africa, Spain, southern Europe, and the southern part of Central Europe to the Caucasus. There are four subspecies. The nominotypic one occurs in Central Europe (Kočárek et al. 2005), where it reaches the northern edge of its distributional range. E. bordigalensis had not been observed in the CR since 1962, and only one record has been known from the Pavlovské vrchy hills (Chládek 1973). Because of the scarcity of records, the species has been considered to be vulnerable (Chládek 1995). Recently, however, it has been repeatedly found at several localities in southern Moravia (Holuša et al. 2007d, as noted earlier in this report). Modicogryllus frontalis (Fieber, 1844) Material examined. Moravia mer., Modřice, clay-pit, 13.vi.1992, 2 M, 2 F, Vlk leg., det. et coll.; Hodonín Pánov, clay-pit, 12.vi.2008, 1 M, 1 F, Vlk leg., det. et coll.; Hevlín, clay-pit, 2.viii.2008, 19.viii.2009, 11.ix.2009, 12.viii.2011; Mikulov Mušlov, sand-pit, 6.vi.2009, 20.viii.2009; Novosedly, clay-pit, 11.ix.2009, all R. Vlk observ. M. frontalis is distributed from France through southern Europe and the southern part of Central Europe to western Asia. In southeastern Europe, it occurs in Bosnia and Serbia (Kočárek et al. 2005). It has been known in southern Moravia since the beginning of 20 th century: Pisárky, Černovice (Czižek 1905), Hády (Czižek 1915), Pavlovské vrchy, Lednice, Čejč (Dobšík 1948), Pouzdřanská step (Čejchan 1959). It is currently detected in many localities in Moravia (as noted earlier in this report). From Bohemia, it has been known for a long time from the České středohoří hills, the environs of Prague, Karlštejn (Fieber 1853), and Libšice (Krejčí 1896). However Haury & Nickerl (1905) did not mention this species, and Obenberger (1926) only repeated data from Fieber (1853) and Krejčí (1896). 444 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

9 In the 1980s, many new localities were reported (Čejchan 1981) (Nová Huť u Nižboru, Radotín, Podhoří, Závist u Zbraslavi, Kralupy nad Vltavou, Terezín), and the occurrence in the České středohoří hills was confirmed (Milá, Lovoš). However, we have no reports about the species from Bohemia since those times. Its occurrence was obviously polydisjuntive, and the species inhabited extremely warm slopes. Honců (1993) did not find it on Lovoš and Milá hills. Since 1990s, it has been unsuccesfully searched for at previously known localities. For those reasons, it is evaluated as missing in Bohemia. Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 Material examined. Moravia bor., Ostravice, valey of Řečice stream, 6.viii.1962, 1 F, R. Rozkošný leg., F. Chládek det. et coll., R. Vlk revid. From the CR, there is only one specimen found on gravel-sand fluvial deposits of little mountain river Řečice (Ostravice village) from 1962 (Dobšík & Chládek 1975). The species is hygrophilous and ripicolous; it inhabits wet sandy banks (Kočárek et al. 2005). Such habitats occur frequently along Carpathian rivers in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., but the published locality was submerged by a reservoir (Šance-Řečice). Despite intensive surveys of gravel-sand fluvial deposits of the Ostravice and Morávka rivers, the species has not been found again (Chládek & Holuša 1992; Holuša 1995; Kočárek & Holuša 2005). X. pfaendleri occurs in south and Central Europe (nominotypic ssp.) and southwestern Asia and Egypt (ssp. palaestinae Harz, 1971) (Kočárek et al. 2005). It is very rare in Hungary (Rácz 1998) and is endangered in Austria (Berg et al. 2005). In Slovakia, it occurs on the north edge of its distributional range, but in many areas (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ). The historical locality in north Moravia is outside of its continuous distributional range. It is about 160 km distant from the nearest known locality at Velké Leváre, Slovakia (Holuša & Kočárek 1999). X. pfaendleri is probally more uncommon than X. variegata. For example, X. pfaendleri has been recorded in only six while X. variegata has has been recorded in 16 of the 21 eco-regions in Romania (Iorgu et al. 2008). Even though the species is extinct at the discussed locality, the species is evaluated as missing rather than extinct. The species is likely to have colonized some localities in southeastern Moravia because it occurs in neighboring parts of Slovakia and Austria. However, up to now, only X. variegata has been repeatedly confirmed in the CR, and it is recently known from several regions (Holuša & Vlk 2003; Marhoul unpubl., Vlk unpubl.). Tetrix bolivari Saulcy, 1901 Material examined. Moravia mer., Novosedly, clay-pit, 17.iv.2011, 2 M, 2 F, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll., 8.v.2011, 3M, 2F, J. Holuša leg., det. et coll.; Hostěradice, quarry, 24.viii.2011, 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll., Rouchovany, 19.vii.2012, 5M, 5F, J. Holuša leg., det. et coll. T. bolivari is a rare species in the CR and has been considered to be missing for a certain period (Kočárek et al. 1999). It is distributed only at several localities in southern Moravia. All known localities are within the territory of the Pannonian geographical subprovince, on the border of this subprovince (Kočárek et al. 2011), or beyond the border in the lowlands of rivers flowing to Pannonia. Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar, 1887) Material examined. Moravia mer., Valtice, pískovna, 8.viii.2008, 1F, P. Kočárek leg., det. et coll.; Hostěradice, quarry, 24.viii.2011, 2 F, 12.vii.2012, 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. In Bohemia, it has been found only once in the environs of Třeboň, and that report was from 1960 (Mařan 1960). Despite intensive surveys, its presence has not been confirmed in Bohemia, and so it must be evaluated as missing in Bohemia. From southern Moravia, it is known from several localities (Holuša & Holuša 2003; as noted earlier in this report), and other findings are possible and expected. CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 445

10 Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876) TERMS OF USE In the CR, it is known from central Bohemia (Görtler 1948) and from eastern Moravia (Chládek & Holuša 1992; Holuša 1995). The findings from Bohemia are from the 1940s. Habitats suitable for this species in Bohemia are very restricted (Chytrý et al. 2010, AOPK 2011), and it has not been recently found at published localities. For those reasons, we consider this species to be missing in Bohemia. Podisma pedestris (Linnaeus, 1758) This species was reported from Bohemia by Haury & Nickerl (1905) but without any specific information concerning locality. Krejčí (1896) refers to Fieber (1853), but there is no occurrence listed. Obenberger (1926) mentioned Upper Silesia but without any concrete citation. This species has been demonstrably found only at two localities in the CR. At Boskovice and before World War II (Ginter 1924), P. pedestris was found but only rarely on steep, sunny, and grassy slopes near the forest; it has not been found at that locality since the end of World War II (Ginter in litt.). The locality of Ostružná (Dobšík & Chládek 1975) appears to provide suitable habitat for the species but its occurence there has not been recently confirmed. P. pedestris is Euro-Siberian species distributed from Spain through northern Europe (to Lapland); from central, southern (as far as Apenino Tosco-Emiliano), and eastern Europe to the Balkan Peninsula as far as Bulgaria (Peshev & Andreeva 1986, 1988) and Mount Olympus (Nadig 1991). Besides those localities that are a continuous part of its distributional range in the high mountains, e.g., in Slovakia (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ) or in Romania (Iorgu et al. 2008), there is a number of isolated localities in some other European countries. In Hungary, it has been found at 1.6 % of localities (Nagy et al. 2010), and it is still present in north Hungary, although data from western Hungary have not been confirmed in the last 50 years. In Germany, it is known from seven squares (grid mapping), where it still survives (Reinhardt et al. 2005). In Lower Austria, it was much less abundant during the period than in the first half of 20 th century (Berg & Zuna-Kratky 1997; Berg 2002). Optimal conditions for P. pedestris are provided by subalpine and sometimes in dwarf-pine environments. However, it may also be found on avalanche slopes, forest clearings, gravel fields, and dry grasslands, but less often than on mesophilous and hygrophilous habitats including alluvial sediments on river banks or near dried-up springs and swamps (Holst 1986; Nadig 1991; Čejchan 1959; Šušlík 1986; Krištín & Hrúz 2005). In addition, it occurs quite often in many areas in the Austrian and Swiss Alps, even in places greatly damaged by ski-tourism (Bellmann 2006). At published Czech localities, it has not been recently detected, but its occurrence at small isolated localities, as is the case for Miramella alpina (for listing see Holuša 1999), cannot be excluded. For instance, ski slopes in the CR have not been satisfactorily surveyed yet. Pseudopodisma nagyi Galvagni & Fontana, 1996 P. nagyi is a recently described species (Galvagni & Fontana 1996) but its status may be problematic (Nagy et al. 2010). It has a Carpathian distribution. It is known only from northern Hungary (Nagy et al. 2010), Slovakia (Galvagni & Fontana 1996), and the CR, but it reaches its western-most limit in the White Carpathians (Galvagni & Fontana 1996). To date, it has been found here only in the Machová NR near Javorník and the Čertoryje NNR near Kněždub, although the Bílé Karpaty Mts. have been studied very extensively (Görtler 1944; Chládek 2002b; Holuša et al. 2012). Locusta migratoria Linnaeus, 1758 Migrating swarms of this species were last observed in the territory of the CR at the beginning of the 19 th century. During the 20 th century, only several single individuals were recorded. It is possible, after an occurrence of a mass outbreak in Romania or Hungary, that a swarm could reach the CR. Under suitable conditions, an ephemeral 446 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

11 population could possibly arise in southern Moravia or central Bohemia. At present, it is evaluated as regionally extinct (Holuša 2012). Oedaleus decorus (Germar, 1826) A durable population, indicated by the collection of a series of specimens, has been recorded only at localities near Bzenec (Rezek 1944) in the period from the 1940s until the 1960s (Holuša 2012). The last observations are from the 1970s. Given the intensive yearly surveys on sands around Bzenec during last 20 years, this species must be considered regionally extinct (Holuša 2012). The area of sandy and shallow-soil grasslands is very limited and isolated in the territory of the CR (Chytrý et al. 2010; AOPK 2011), and therefore migration by flight from the areas of regular occurrence near Lake Balaton in Hungary, which is about 240 km distant, is unlikely, even though O. decorus is considered to be a species prone to mass migrations (Schmidt & Lilge 1997). Celes variabilis (Pallas, 1771) This species has been demonstrably found at only two localities in the CR (Görtler 1946; Chládek 1988). Individuals were last observed in the1960s. No population is known from these localities, and the species must be considered regionally extinct (Holuša 2012). C. variabilis occurs on steppes, sands, and similar areas (Kočárek et al. 2005). The area of such sandy and shallow-soil grasslands is very limited and isolated in the territory of the CR (Chytrý et al. 2010; AOPK 2011). The closest known area of C. variabilis occurrence is in Austria (Berg & Bieringer 1998), ca. 130 km distant. Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781) Material examined. Moravia mer., Lanžhot, 3.ix.2007, 1M; Sedlec, Slanisko u Nesytu NNR, 8.viii.2008, 2M, 2F; Velké Bílovice, 6.ix.2011, 1M, 2F, all P. Kočárek leg., det. et coll. This species was reported from Bohemia by Krejčí (1896) and Haury & Nickerl (1905) but without any specific information concerning locality. Given that its distribution in central Europe does not extend beyond the Pannonian district (Krištín et al. 2007a, b), an occurrence in Bohemia seems unlikely, although it is a very efficient flier (Krištín et al. 2007a, b). It is a rare species in the CR, demonstrably documented only from southern Moravia, where isolated populations have inhabited salt marshes (Werner 1923; Dobšík 1948; Chládek 1995). At the present time, only one reproducing population of this species is known from the Slanisko u Nesytu NNR. The presence of A. thalassinus at that locality could not be confirmed during the period of We expect that this population originated by migration of individuals from Austria. Migratory individuals are sometimes found even in habitats unsuitable for reproduction (Holuša 1996, 2003; as noted earlier in this report). A. thalassinus occurs in all neighbouring countries, but in all cases it is considered a locally occurring, rare species (I Klub Slovenských Orthopterológov ; Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009; DGFO 2012; Liana 2000). Mecostethus parapleurus (Hagenbach, 1822) Material examined. Moravia mer., Hrabětice-Travní Dvůr, 12.viii.2011, 1 M, R. Vlk leg. et det., P. Marhoul coll.; Vrbovec-Ječmeniště, 26.viii.2011, 1 M, P. Marhoul leg., det. et coll., 1 M, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. Seidl (1836) published an occurence of this species in Zadní (nowadays Horní) Šárka, and the record was cited by Krejčí (1896) and Haury & Nickerl (1905), but without citation of the specific locality. Given that its distribution in central Europe does not extend beyond the Pannonian district (Kaňuch et al. 2006), an occurrence in Bohemia seems unlikely even though it is a very efficient flier (Kaňuch et al. 2006). By the year 2005, this species was missing in the CR. The species was re-discovered after 2005, and at present, numerous occurrences are known from the southeastern parts of Moravia, especially in the environs of Lanžhot and Sedlec near Mikulov (Holuša et al. 2007a; as noted earlier in this report). CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 447

12 Acryptera fusca (Pallas, 1773) TERMS OF USE This species has been demonstrably found only several times in the area of the CR (Czižek 1905; Görtler 1944; Dobšík 1948; Holuša 2012). A. fusca is a chortogeobiontic, subxerophilous, stenotopic species (Rácz 2001) living on sunny hill sides, semiarid to arid grasslands, and alpine pastures of mountainous and subalpine regiones (Nadig 1986; Detzel 1998; Krištín 2000; Krištín & Hrúz 2005). Its ecological requirements are difficult to define (Nadig 1991). Currently, there is probably no locality in the CR suitable for the occurrence of this species. The known localities are either covered with forests (Josefov Valley) or covered with continuous grass stands (Javorník, the Velká Javořina Mt., and the Praděd Mt.). Other suitable localities (lowland to mountainous heaths) in the territory of the CR are small and isolated (Chytrý et al. 2010; AOPK 2011). The nearest area of occurrence is near the village of Šípkov in the Strážovské vrchy hills (Gavlas 1999), which is 45 km from the Velká Javořina Mt. This species is evaluated as regionally extinct (Holuša 2012). Acryptera microptera (Fischer de Waldheim, 1833) A stable population has been known only in a single locality in the CR (Pouzdřany Steppe-Kolby NNR). The abundance of A. microptera at this locality declined during the 20 th century, and only a few specimens exist in the museums in the CR. At each of two other localities (Kobylí and the Kamenný vrch u Kurdějova NR), only a single male has been found in the past. In several extensive surveys conducted in the CR between 1990 and 2008, A. microptera has not been detected, probably because the habitat is not longer suitable for this species. Based on these facts, it is necessary to categorize A. microptera as extinct in the CR (Holuša 2012). Dociostaurus brevicollis (Eversmann, 1848) Material examined. Moravia mer., Bzenec, 18.viii.1950, 1M, leg. O. Ginter, coll. MJVM, J. Holuša det.; Vojenské cvičiště Bzenec NM, 7.x.1995, 1F, 14.viii.1999, 1M, 3F, 18.vii.2006, J. Holuša observ. The species has been documented from only four localities (Görtler 1946; Ginter 1971) in the CR; in the case of two of the localities, no data have been collected since the 1960s. It presently occurs at only one locality on the open sands in the environs of Bzenec, where its abundance is fluctuating between hundreds and thousands of individuals (own observations). Omocestus petraeus (Brisout de Barneville, 1856) Material examined. Moravia mer., Mohelno, Mohelenská hadcová step NNR, 24.viii.2004, 1 M, 10.viii.2006, 3 M, 2 F, P. Marhoul leg., det. et col.; 19.vii.2012, 1 M, 1 F, R. Vlk leg., det. et coll. According to Obenberger (1926), this species was reported from Bohemia by Haury & Nickerl (1905) but we did not find the species in the list of Haury & Nickerl (1905). In the CR, its occurrence has been recently confirmed only at Mohelenská hadcová step NNR. Historically, it has also been known from some other localities in southern Moravia (Pálava, Pouzdřany, Kobylí) (Görtler 1946; Chládek 1985). Despite intensive surveys of those localities, it has not been recently confirmed there. Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) This species was reported from Bohemia by Haury & Nickerl (1905) but without detail regarding the locality. The species has been reported from the area of Bohemia only several times (Obenberger 1926, Niedl 1966) and the nature of its occurrence in the CR is generally unknown. It occurs in Moravia on the boundaries of the Pannonian and Central European deciduous forest biogeographical provinces (Holuša 2003; Holuša et al. 2012a). Despite an intensive survey, it has not been found in the area of Bohemia, and so it must be evaluated as missing in Bohemia. Stenobothrus eurasius Mařan, 1958 This species is known from only several isolated localities in the České středohoří Mts. and Házmburská tabule plateau (Mařan 1958; Holuša & Holuša 2002). The occurrence reported from Moravia (Miroslavské kopce NNM) 448 Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press HOLUŠA ET AL.

13 (Chládek 2006) was not been confirmed by repeated intensive surveys. Altogether, only five individuals were observed there (Chládek 2006) but they represent aberrant individuals of Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich- Schaeffer 1840) based on our revision (Miroslav, Miroslavské kopce NNM, 23.vi.2005, 1 M, vii.2007, 1 M, F. Chládek leg., det. et coll., R. Vlk revid.). Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman & Jeekel, 1967 This species has been demonstrably known from only two localities on the southern edge of the Moravian Karst (Czižek 1917; Chládek 1977; Holuša 2012). The species was not recently detected on the southern slopes of Hády near Brno or at Adamov (Chládek 1977; Holuša 2012). The species is extinct in the CR (Holuša 2012). Chorthippus dichrous (Eversmann, 1859) This species has been reported from two localities (Hodonín, Bzenec) in the CR (Ginter 1977; Chládek 1984) but we have not seen any specimens. There is no specimen in Ginter s collection. The species was relatively abundant during the period of at Pánov near Hodonín (Ginter 1977), where it inhabited the margins of a small swamp that was surrounded with sand dunes (a military training area) (Ginter in litt.). It has not been found recently at the published localities despite many hours of sweeping and surveys carried out by several persons. This species is distributed from northern Italy, Austria, Hungary, Dalmatia, Bulgaria, and Romania through Turkey and Middle Asia to Mongolia and western Siberia (Kočárek et al. 2005). Czech localities could be situated on the northern edge of its distributional range, which also reaches southeastern Slovakia (Mařan 1954; Görtler 1951). In Hungary, it is rare, having been found in only 3.5 % of the studied fields (Rácz 1998). The distribution of this species has expanded recently, as indicated by findings of single specimens on the foothills of the Strážovské vrchy hills in Slovakia (Gavlas 1999). In Austria, it is more abundant now than in the past (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009). Even though it has not been found recently (Holuša et al. 2007b, d, 2012b; Holuša & Kočárek 2006), this species is evaluated as missing rather than extinct. It probably does not occur at the published localities/ty at present. However, it is a very efficient flier, and so it could spread to the CR from Slovakia or Austria. Localities in Lower Austria (Zuna-Kratky et al. 2009) lie just inside the state border. Published species without relation to the fauna of the CR Isophya camptoxypha (Fieber, 1853) The species was described based on the material from the CR, Austria, Hungary and Turkey (Fieber 1853 in Heller et al. 2004). Location in the CR is commented by the author of description (Fieber 1853): in Bohmens Vor- und Mittelgebirge auf grasigen Triften, Corylus avellana. Heller et al. (2004) studied lectotype of this species collected by Brunner von Wattenwyl and deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. The specimen is located from Bohemia, but the authors (Heller et al. 2004) commented the localization as probably incorrect and presumed the range of the lectotype locality in Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine or Austria. The species is characteristic for the Carpathian Mountains (occurring in Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine and Romania), however, isolated populations occur in mountains of western and southern Hungary and reach Austria (Heller et al. 2004). Occurrence of I. camptoxypha has not been verified in the CR during the last 150 years since its description, thus we can assume that it was recorded based on mislocated specimen. CHECKLIST OF ORTHOPTERA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Zootaxa 3616 (5) 2013 Magnolia Press 449