Aplikovaná botanika - ZS 2010/2011 20. září 2010 Cvičení 1. Tvorba genofondových kolekcí rostlin - terénní sběry Úvod Tvorba genofondových kolekcí - zdroj rostlinného materiálu: 1. restringované odrůdy (které již nejsou komerčně využívané) - udržovatel (šlechtitel) této odrůdy předá stanovené množství osiva genobance k uložení 2. sběry starých a krajových odrůd u lokálních pěstitelů (farmářů) 3. sběry planě rostoucí druhů příbuzných druhům pěstovaným v přírodě 4. výměnou mezi institucemi Principy bezplatně k nekomerčnímu využití vědeckým, výzkumným institucím a školám (univerzitám) MTA pravidla OBD (Agenda 21) každá země má stanovena pravidla pro poskytování vzorků z genofondových kolekcích (v ČR - stanoveno v zákoně 148/2003 Sb. o konzervaci a využívání genetických zdrojů rostlin a mikroorganismů významných pro výživu a zemědělství... Sběry v zahraničí - praxe oficiálních genobank 1. zpracování plánu expedice (cíle expedice, trasa, účastníci) 2. nutná znalost prostředí cílové země (politické, sociální, kulturní podmínky, přírodní podmínky - klimatické, geomorfologické, informace o výskytu a rozšíření zájmových druhů rostlin) 3. prostřednictvím národního koordinátora - kontakt na oficiální zástupce cílové země 4. oficiální dvou (či vícestranná) dohoda - specifikace plánu a podmínek 5. vlastní expedice se účastní také zástupce hostitelské země 6. pořizování podrobných záznamů 7. rostlinný materiál získaný sběry se obvykle dělí mezi všechny zúčastněné partnery Příklad sběrových expedic - realizace jednoho z úkolů mezinárodního projektu EU GENE-MINE Účastníci projektu sbírali vzorky lociky kompasové (Lactuca serriola L.) ve svých zemích podle přesně stanovených instrukcí Czech Republic (PU, RICP) 16 samples (maximum 16 x 16 seed pockets, for more details see paragraph 4) Germany (IPK) 16 samples (max. 16 x 16 seed pockets) The Netherlands (PRI) 8 samples (max. 8 x 16 seed pockets) United Kingdom (HRI) 10 samples (max. 10 x 16 seed pockets)
Instructions for L. serriola sampling modified according to a discussion in Wageningen 26 January 2001 1. All 50 samples will be newly collected in 2001 (to ensure equal starting conditions for description, regeneration and analyses of samples) Czech Republic (PU, RICP) 16 samples (maximum 16 x 16 seed pockets, for more details see paragraph 4) Germany (IPK) 16 samples (max. 16 x 16 seed pockets) The Netherlands (PRI) 8 samples (max. 8 x 16 seed pockets) United Kingdom (HRI) 10 samples (max. 10 x 16 seed pockets) Collecting sites are not exactly established, they should represent as much as possible different ecogeographic conditions in each country (transect through each country). Both forms of L. serriola (f. serriola, f. integrifolia) should be sampled. 2. Each collector should provide RICP following material (to the end of September 2001): - requested number of seed samples (each seed pocket will be marked by a sample number (see paragraph 4), date and collecting site); - collecting protocols for each collecting site; - photodocumentation of collecting site (habitat), Lactuca plants (if possible) 4. Collecting technic is based on the common principles (i.e. mature seeds, dry weather /no rain or high humidity/, paper seed pocket, then dried at a room temperature) Each sample will be represented by 16 seed pockets (in optimum case) originating from 16 individual plants separately sampled, however in extreme environmental conditions (e.g. edge of distribution area, extreme ecological conditions), lower number of plants could be accepted. Description of seed samples (sample number, see collecting protocol): - each sample is introduced by a state code; - then sample is numbered according to collecting site (total number of collecting sites is summarized in pargraph 2, see above), one collecting number = one coll. site; - number behind / means number of individual plant collected in respective site. Labeling of seed pockets: CZ1 16/1.16 D1 16/1 16 NL1 8/1 16 GB1 10/1 16 5. Remarks to a collecting protocol General remark Collecting protocol will be fill in for a collecting site, i.e. population (i.e. sample) and will be same for a set of 16 plants from which seeds will be collected. Specific remarks 1) Botanical name: include name of form (f. serriola, f. integrifolia) 2) Population size: approximate number of plants covering m 2
3) Location (site): name of village, city or approx. distance of collecting site to the nearest one 4) Latitude, longitude, altitude: according to GPS 5) Exposure: south, north, east, west 6) Landform: mountain, hill, upland, plain, plateau, basin, valley 7) Soil texture: sand, loamy sand, silty loam, loam, clay loam, clay, other (e.g. ruderal, gravel, rock) 8) Habitat: e.g. along roads, highway, embankments, ditches, ruderal, field, margin, field, garden, wall, pavement etc. 9) Dominant plant species or genera: record one or more most frequent ones 10) Phenology: flowering and fruiting, finished fruiting, dry plants 11) Morphological variation: population is morphologically homogeneous/ heterogeneous 12) Diseases: occurrence of downy mildew (B. lactucae), powdery mildew (E. cichoracearum), etc.; degree of occurrence: no, seldom, medium, high 13) Additional remarks: there may be included other interesting or important information
GENE-MINE WP-E4, task E-4.2 Collecting protocol Name of collecting organization Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic Research Institute of Crop Production in Praha Ruzyně, Gene Bank Workplace in Olomouc, Czech Republic 1. Seed sample Name of collector(s) X and Y Sample number: CZ 11 Collecting date: 17.8.2001 Type of material: seed Botanical name: Lactuca serriola f. serriola Number of plants sampled: 16 Population size: No. of plants 100 covering 1000 m 2 2. Collecting site geographical information Country: Czech Republic Province: Brněnský District: Brno venkov Location (site): Ochoz u Brna Latitude: 49 15,649 N Altitude: 392 m a.s.l. 3. Environment Landform: plateau in a hully area Soil texture: stony, pieces of bricks Longitude: 16 43,869 E Habitat: sunny dry place, former deposit of building material Exposure: plate, open to all directions Dominant plant species: Erigeron canadensis, Verbascum densiflorum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Achillea millefolium, Cicchorium intybus, Papaver rhoeos, Trifolium repens, Taraxacum officinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Artemisia vulgaris, Setaria viridis, Festuca, Polygonum repens 4. Population collected Phenology: full seed maturity, several plants dry Morphological variation: uniform (deeply lobed stem leaves) Diseases: downy mildew =?, powdery mildew = 0-1 5. Additional remarks plant height of 80 120 (140) cm
GENE-MINE WP-E4, task E-4.2 Collecting protocol Name of collecting organization Name of collector(s) 1. Seed sample Sample number: Collecting date: Type of material: seed Botanical name: Lactuca serriola f. Number of plants sampled: Population size: No. of plants.. covering.. m 2 2. Collecting site geographical information Country: Province: District: Location (site): Latitude: Longitude: Altitude: Exposure: 3. Environment Landform: Soil texture: Habitat: Dominant plant species: 4. Population collected Phenology: Morphological variation: Diseases: 5. Additional remarks
Úkol cvičení: Studenti budou pracovat ve třech skupinách. Na třech vytipovaných lokalitách v areálu Biocentra v Olomouci - Holici provedou sběr nažek lociky kompasové a vyplní sběrový protokol. Cíl: nácvik techniky sběru semenného materiálu
Task E4-3 Morphology and regeneration of L. serriola task leader: RICP participants: PU duration: month 14 21 50 L. serriola samples representing 50 populations morphological description; regeneration of 16 plants per sample (one plant from one seed pocket); seed harvest from each individual plant separately; and providing seeds to partners for tasks E4-4 and E4-5!!! Remark: such approach will need more person-months and material costs then expected and planned for this activity in the signed project Task E4-4 Disease resistance of L. serriola task leader: HRI participants: PU duration: 24 27 month PU will screen 50 obtained samples, i.e. 50 populations (each sample will be represented by 16 individuals originating from 16 individualy regenerated plants) = 800 seedlings for resistance to 10 major pathotypes (races) of Bremia lactucae. HRI will screen 50 obtained samples, i.e. 50 populations (each sample wil be represented by 6 individuals randomly selected from 16 individualy regenerated plants) = 300 individuals against 4 LMV pathotypes and symptomless plants will be checked for virus content using ELISA. Task E4-5 Molecular variation L. serriola task leader: IPK participants: PRI - IPK will isolate DNA from 800 samples of L. serriola and will screen all samples for 3 AFLP primers - PRI will use DNA from 800 samples sent from IPK for its molecular analyses Such organization of sampling and screening of L. serriola is a result of a consensus achieved on a project starting-up meeting in Wageningen (26 January 2001) The amount of work in PRI, HRI and IPK is practically the same as planned before but the budget for regeneration (responsibility of RICP and PU) should be modified.
Other remarks to GENE-MINE (to Dan Weems, USA) 1. Data provided by RICP to lettuce database will be connected with new samples of L. serriola and partly with accessions already existing in gene-banks and belonging to probable duplicate groups (Task E3-3): - passport data and morphological characteristics. 2. Passport data (their extend and type ) see international lettuce database created by PŘI. 3. Mophological descriptors: 10 20 suitable characters, with definition of variance within each characters (e.g. colour: white brown, black.., height: small medium high) and corresponding number (from 0 to 9) related to a level of manifestation of character. 4. Model figures to some descriptors illustrating special features (e.g. leaf shape) should form a part of descriptors 5. At the end of our meeting in Wageningen all participants involved in GENE-MINE were informed by Ritsert that several institutions only have the rights to exploit information systems (software) elaborated in GENE-MINE free of chagre but others (including gene banks) will have to pay for it. Please, be so kind and explain us such approach (pre-existing know how?).