Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1 Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 13 Washington,D.C. Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová 30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD 1 1 WASHINGTON, D.C.... 2 1.1 SOME FACTS ABOUT THE CAPITAL... 2 1.2 THE CAPITOL... 2 1.3 THE MALL... 3 1.4 THE JEFFERSON MEMORIAL... 3 1.5 THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL... 4 1.6 THE WHITE HOUSE... 4 1.7 THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT... 5 1.8 THE ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY... 5 1.9 THE VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL... 6 1.10 TEST... 6 2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA... 9 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 10
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál se zabývá hlavním městem USA. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž test. 1
1 Washington, D.C. 1.1 Some facts about the capital Washington D.C. is not only the national capital, but perhaps the most beautiful and originally designed city in the United States. It lies in the southeast of the USA on the Potomac river between Maryland and Virginia. I tis the only city that is not a part of a state. It covers the area of the District of Columbia (D.C.) and it is under the jurisdiction of the federal government..washington, D.C. is the seat of the federal government, the President, the Congress and the Supreme Court. Georgie Washington chose the site of the city in 1791, and Washington replaced Philadelphia as the nation s capital in 1800. The city was named in honour of George Washington. The city is dividend into four sections: Northwest, Northeast, Southwest, and Southeast. Each section is named for its direction from the Capitol. Starting from the Capitol, the streets that run from north to south are numbered 1,2,3, etc. While the east-west streets are named A,B,C, etc. The major avenue are named after some of the fifty states. There are many interesting places in Washington, D.C. 1.2 The Capitol The United States Capitol is the building that serves as the seat of government for the United States Congress. It is located in Washington, D.C., on top of Capitol Hill at the east end of the National Mall. The building was originally designed by William Thornton. This plan was subsequently modified by Stephen Hallet, Benjamin Latrobe and then Charles Bulfinch. The current dome and the House and Senate wings were designed by Thomas U. Walter and August Schoenborn, a German immigrant, and were completed under the supervision of Edward Clark. The building is marked by its central dome above a rotunda and two wings, one for each chamber of Congress: the north wing is the Senate chamber and the south wing is the House of Representatives chamber. Above these chambers are galleries where visitors can watch 2
the Senate and House of Representatives. It is an example of the Neoclassical architecture style. The statue on top of the dome is the Statue of Freedom. 1.3 The Mall It is a long parklike area that starts at the Capitol and extends two miles to the west, ending at the Washington Monument. The Mall is bordered by many important institutions, the seven Smithsonian Institution museums beány probably the most interesting. For example, the National Air and Space Museum has exhibits and information about the history of flight. 1.4 The Jefferson Memorial The Thomas Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C. that is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States. The neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope. It was built by Philadelphia contractor Tyler Nichols. Construction began in 1939, the building was completed in 1943, and the bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947. Inside the memorial is a bronze statue of Jefferson standing. Surrounding the outside of the memorial are cherry trees that Tokyo presented to the city in 1912. 3
1.5 The Lincoln Memorial Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor President Abraham Lincoln. It lies on the axis of the National Mall. The building takes the form of a Greek Doric temple. There are 36 columns because 36 states existed when Lincoln died. Inside is a majestic white marble statue of Abraham Lincoln seated in a chair. On the wall we can read his Gettysburg Address written after one of the most important battles of the Civil War. Memorial was the site of many famous speeches. 1.6 The White House It is a building in the late Gregorian style. It is in Washington, DC at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. The term White House is normally used only for the actual construction, but also for the administration of U.S. president. Standing for more than 200 years, the first president who resided in the White House was John Adams, who was the second president of the United States. Currently resides in the White House Barack Obama.The White House has 132 rooms, 3 kitchens, 35 bathrooms, 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 12 4
chimneys, 8 staircases, and 3 elevators. In addition, five full-time chefs, 5,000 visitors per day and 1,825,000 visitors a year, tennis courts, bowling alley, cinema, swimming pool. 1.7 The Washington Monument Washington Monument usually refers to a large white obelisk on the west end of the National Mall in Washington, DC It is one of the presidential memorials in the United States, built in honor of George Washington, the first President of the United States. I tis the tallest structure in Washington, about 170 meters high. This monument is built of marble, granite and sandstone. It was designed by Robert Mills, a prominent American architect of the 19th forties century. Construction of the monument began in 1848 and was completed in 1884, almost 30 years after the architect's death. 1.8 The Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States of America, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna (Custis) Lee, a great grand-daughter of Martha Washington. The cemetery is situated directly across the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is served by the Arlington Cemetery station on the Blue Line of the Washington Metro system. In an area of 624 acres veterans and military casualties from each of the nation's wars are interred in the cemetery, ranging from the American Civil War through to the military actions in Afghanistan and Iraq. Pre-Civil War dead were reinterred after 1900. 5
1.9 The Vietnam War Memorial The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a national memorial in Washington, D.C. It honors U.S. service members of the U.S. armed forces who fought in the Vietnam War, service members who died in service in Vietnam/South East Asia, and those service members who were unaccounted for (Missing In Action) during the War. Its construction and related issues have been the source of controversies, some of which have resulted in additions to the memorial complex. The memorial currently consists of three separate parts: the Three Soldiers statue, the Vietnam Women's Memorial, and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, which is the best-known part of the memorial. 1.10 Test 1) The population of Washington, D.C. (the city itself) is about. 0.5 million 1.5 million 2.5 million 3.5 million 2) Washington, D.C. lies on the river. Columbia Hudson Potomac x none of the above 3) Washington, D.C. lies within the borders of the state of. Maryland Virginia Washington x none of the above 6
4) The site for Washington, D.C. was personally chosen by. Abraham Lincoln George Washington Pierre L'Enfant Thomas Jefferson 5) The C in D.C. stands for. Capital City Columbia x none of the above 6) Congress moved to Washington, D.C. from. Boston New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh 7) The role of Washington, D.C. as the national capital started in. 1776 1790 1800 1821 8) Which of the following is not in Washington, D.C.? Arlington National Cemetery the Pentagon 7
the United Nations Headquarters Washington Monument 9) There is a law that prevents the building of in Washington, D.C. outdoor swimming pools shopping malls skyscrapers the subway system 10) Washington, D.C. in the world. has the largest library has the tallest monument is the smallest capital is the youngest capital 8
2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 9
3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 10