Traditional house of the German language island in the Vyškov region The tradition of clay mound architecture ( opus spicatum ) Ivana Žabičková, Faculty of Architecture, Brno University of Technology The Earthen Architecture Association
German language Island small Haná traditional earthen buildings
Architectural forms of village homesteads in the compact area settled up to 1945 by German-speaking inhabitants called Vyškovský německý jazykový ostrov (Wischauer Sprachinsel Vyškov region German language island) Formation of the language island occurred from the 14th century onwards, in connection with ecclesiastical manors. Due to the conservatism of the German-speaking inhabitants, the form of the house from the first third of the 18th century was preserved in these villages. In the surrounding Czech villages had disappeared by the end of the 19th century.
Local technology represents typical features: a) large risalit žudr (Sölder,Vorbau,...) - special part of building before main entrance in the house used as place of meeting with neighbours b) granary half storey (above žudr or above all house) Kučerov c) arch ornaments made by hand into earthen plaster of the exterior and interior.
žudr - large risalit Sölder
Kučerov
Lysovice square
upper part of žudr (half storey by houses without žudr) was used as a granary roof boarding covered earth mortar thick 80 100 mm
Lysovice 3 faces of a house now reed roofing new insulating reed boards 50 mm thick original roofing was thatched, later changed for ceramic tiles
Žudry at Haná region are different (bigger, two-storied)
Project Czech Republic Slovakia (2006 2007) INTERREG III.A Project name: Minulostí k budoucnosti přírodní materiály v regionální kultuře "Towards the future through the past - natural materials in the regional building culture" Registrační číslo projektu: CZ.04.4.84/1.2.00.1/0216 Project holder: Obec Municipality Rostěnice Zvonovice Partners: SHS, o.s. The Earthen Architecture Association, o.s. FA VUT v Brně, Faculty of Architecture, BUT Brno Fakulta priemyslných technológií Púchov, Faculty of Industrial Technologies Púchov
Minulostí k budoucnosti - přírodní materiály v regionílní stavební kultuře "Towards the future through the past natural materials in the regional building culture" Hlavní cíle projektu: Main goals of project: Map of survey area Průzkum výskytu hliněných staveb ve 4 vesnicích Earthen buildings survey in 4 villages near Brno Vytypování budov vhodných pro cestovní ruch Selecting of buildings suitable for tourism development Průzkum objektu určeného k rekonstrukci Survey of one house intended for rebuilding Návrh přestavby tohoto domu Design of rebuilding of this house Česká a slovenská verze slovníku hliněných staveb Czech and Slovak subset to international dictionary
clay walls 70-100% clay walls 30 70% clay walls < 30% other material
Survey of one house intended for rebuilding
Stavanie z prírodnych materiálov Bratislava 15.5.2008
arch ornaments in earthen plasters usually made by women
arch ornaments in earthen plasters even in granary
arch ornaments in plaster
Under ceiling were made also motifs of heart, wavy line, flower, year and monogram. German people called all these decors Strämeln.
Clay mound architecture ( opus spicatum )
Archaic technology process of building not very known. Oldest buildings have single mounds different sizes and pattern of fishbone is not very clear. It seems, that wall was made just from wet clods. Later were single mounds prepared from clay, straw and dung. They were put into walls wet and pressed to wall. It glued them together. Fishbone pattern is clear. Barns were usually made by this technology.
This technology was used also for walls outside serving like fence or wall against water by floods. It was also found in some houses, but mainly are in barns
Whole barn was made at the same time. Thickness of walls was 500 mm, layer made in one day was high 0,5 m. After certain wilting was made second layer. Whole barn was made in 7 days. 6 days walls, 1 day (or more) roof.
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