Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů

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1 Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita II.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.2 English and American Life and Institutions Kapitola 4 School system in the UK Ing. Martin Fišer

2 Obsah ÚVOD - ANOTACE SCHOOL SYSTEM IN THE UK... CHYBA! ZÁLOŽKA NENÍ DEFINOVÁNA STATE SYSTEM PRIVATE SYSTEM POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 6

3 Úvod - anotace Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, M/01 Dopravní prostředky, M/01 Technická zařízení budov, L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, L/51 Podnikání). Materiál lze rovněž v nezměněné podobě využít při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů indidualizaci výuky. V 1. a 2. ročnících čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou a ve všech ročnících oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou lze využít ty části výukového materiálu zaměřené na rozšíření a procvičení slovní zásoby. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Témata výukového materiálu korespondují s obsahovou náplní a zaměřením běžně používaných učebnic pro výuku anglického jazyka na středních školách. Výukový materiál je koncipován jako ucelený soubor a lze je tudíž ve výuce i při následném samostudiu používat odděleně. Před použitím výukového materiálu se doporučuje vytisknout jej tak, aby každý žák měl svůj vlastní, jelikož je možno do něj přímo zapisovat a plnit předepsané úkoly. Kapitola zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí, jazykových dovedností nebo slovní zásoby. Vypracoval Ing. Martin Fišer 1

4 1 School system in the UK Education is compulsory for all children from 5 to 16 ears of age. There are two educational systems in Britain, state and private. Compulsory education in the state system is free. Also all books and other equipment are supplied free. 1.1 The state system 1. Pre-school education (2-5) is provided in: nurseries (2-3) for children of employed mothers, about 2% of children, nursery schools (3-5), nearly half of the children. 2. Primary education (5-11) is divided into two stages: infant schools (5-7), where the children learn reading, writing, and arithmetic, junior schools (7-11), where the children receive more systematic education. There are now nearly 26,000 nursery and primary schools in Britain. 3. Secondary education (11-18 ) is provided in: grammar schools, in which the students are prepared for their studies at universities, technical schools, where the students get more technical education, 19 secondary modern schools, which provide general education especially related to industry, commerce, and agriculture. But at present secondary education is provided mostly in comprehensive schools, which are attended by nearly nine tenths of pupils. Comprehensive schools are non-selective schools. They are often very large (more than 1000 pupils). There are about eighty subjects the pupils can choose from according to their interests. Besides the normal i academic subjects they include art, music, handicraft, as well as technical, commercial, and domestic subjects. Nine subjects must be studied compulsorily. They are English, mathematics, science, history, geography, technology, music, art, and physical education. Pupils from 11 to 14 can also study a foreign language, but from 14 to 16 they must study at least one foreign language. At the age of 16 students may take the examination for the General (10 subjects) After it, the students can leave school and start training various careers. Those who remain at school for another two years, take the examination for the General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (3 or 4 subjects). There are about sixty subjects to choose from at advanced level. 1.2 The private system This system is separate from the state system. Students have to pay fees. Private schools are divided into three types: 1. pre-preparatory schools (4-8), which provide basic education. 2

5 2. preparatory schools (8-13), which prepare boys and girls for studies at public schools. They prepare them for the public school entrance examination, which is required of public school entrants. Boys and girls are educated there separately. 3. public schools (13-18), which are expensive schools of the grammar school type. The oldest and most famous ones are in Winchester (1382), in Eton (1440) and in Rugby (1567). Eton is still the best-known of them. The most prominent people of the political and commercial world were studying there. These schools charge very high fees. Most students continue in their studies at the universities in Oxford or Cambridge. Public schools are boarding schools where boys and girls live separately in houses, it means sections of about 50 students, who are under the care of the housemaster and his wife. The students wear uniforms. There are some 550 public schools in Britain nowadays. 4. Higher education (18 ) At present there are 47 universities and some 490 colleges of further education in Britain. The oldest universities in Britain are in Oxford (1249) and Cambridge (1284). They are collegiate universities made up of separate colleges. 1 TASK 1 - Choose the most suitable highlighted word or phrase. 1. John failed/missed his maths exam and had to sit it again. 2. Martin decided to take a course/lesson in hotel management. 3. We hope your work will have improved by the end of course/term. 4. Helen always got good marks/points in geography. 5. In history we had to learn a lot of dates by hand/heart. 6. After leaving school, Brenda studied/trained as a teacher. 1 Angličtina pro střední školy, Education in the UK, str

6 TASK 2 Combine the words and expressions on the left with their definitions on the right. 1. break a) final exams at university or college campus b) a lunch brought from home canteen c) not obligatory comprehensive school d) a private school for pupils aged degree e) a pause for rest between lessons extracurricular f) money given by an institution for a specific goal finals g) the site of a university or college further education college h) school providing all types of secondary education optional i) the place in a school where you can buy food packed lunch j) a place where you can study after the age of public school k) not part of the regular school timetable grant 1) a university-level qualification 12. TASK 3 Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each space PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN GREAT BRITAIN The most famous schools in Britain are 1)... boarding schools, such as Eton College (1440), Harrow School (1571), Rugby School and Winchester School (1382). These famous public schools founded during the Middle Ages are theoretically open to the public, but in reality are only attended by those who can afford the 2).... Many of Britain's leaders 4

7 have attended these public schools which cater to the wealthy and influential, but also offer 3)... to gifted poor children. Local authorities and the central authority also provide assistance to families who are unable to pay the tuition fees. Only a small percentage of the population can 4)... these old and highly prestigious schools. Various other schools are also public, including kindergartens, day schools and newer 5)... schools. Public schools that take in pupils from the age of 7 to the age of 11, 12 or 13 are called 6)... schools. Only 7 percent of British students attend public schools a) personal b) public c) civil d) general 2. a) fees b) charge c) tax d) duty 3. a) grants b) loans c) scholarships d) donations 4. a) visit b) go c) follow d) attend 5. a) boarding b) residential c) hostel d) hotel 6. a) ready b) adjustment c) arrangement d) preparatory 2 Angličtina pro střední školy, Private schools in Great Britain, str. 53 5

8 2 Použitá literatura a zdroje El-Hmoudová, D. ANGLIČTINA PRO STŘEDNÍ ŠKOLY, Nakladatelství Petra Velanová, ISBN El-Hmoudová, D. ANGLIČTINA maturitní témata, Nakladatelství Petra Velanová, ISBN