b Npmdp cx$l$p : Qy V$Zu tlkpdp 6 p dp s, 30 Opeg

Transkript

1 Posting Licence No. RAJKOT / 678 / ,posted at rajkot-rms published & posting dt.-daily (evening) VALID UP TO Registration of News Paper No. GUJGUJ/2015/65432 Pages: 8 Price : Rs. 3/- Annual Subscription : Rs. 800/- ; saurashtrakranti@gmail.com Web: Xuh Xuh çkwúk fuã[hªøklke VrhÞkËku Year: 3, Issue: 178 (Monday) sóu, âl$pil$, dyöl$ A dprgl $: NY$hu Aip L$ dymycp, âl$pi õ p : 125, õv$pf Q çbf, lqflf Qp L$, Q p àgp V$, fps>l$p V$ fps>l$p V$dp u 1.69 L$fp X$ u Sy> u p V$p TX$ pc f p S > L $ p V $, s p. 1 4 : i l f p i p u d v $ p p k u L $ f p X $ u A u S > u p V $ k p b i k p A k A p Æ p g u k ^ f L $ X $ L $ f u R >. â p á r h N s d y S > b A k A p Æ p g u k V ² $ p t g N v $ f ç e p i p u d v $ p A k V $ u b k õ V $ Þ X $ u k p d k Q L $ õ L $ g h p m p f p X $ f f p S > L $ p V $ p A i p L $ c p B â d Æ c p B bnpmdp cx$l$p : QyV$Zu tlkpdp 6 p dp s, 30 Opeg fku fkíkk, íkk. 14 Ãkrù{ çktøkk {kt yksu ÞkuòÞu Ãkt[kÞíkkuLke [wtxýe{kt fzf Mkwhûkk ÔÞðMÚkkLkk ËkðkLke Ãkku ¾w e øke Au. {fëklk Ëhr{ÞkLk Xuh Xuh nªmkklkku {knku òuðk {éþku níkku. y øk y øk MÚk Ãkh ÚkÞu k nªmkk{kt 30Úke ðäw kufku ½kÞ ÚkÞk Au. íku{s Mkk{u ykðu k yuf rðzeþku{kt frúkþík ík]ý{] fkuøkúumklkk fkþofhku Ãkku etøk çkwúklke çknkh kufkulku {íkëklk fhðk síkk yxfkðíkk Lkshu Ãkze hìkk Au. ík{s ¼ktøkh{kt xeyu{mke Ãkh çkwúk fuã[hetøklkku Ãký ykhkuãk køþku Au. çktøkk Lkk fw[rçknkh{kt {íkëklk Mk{Þu çku swúkku ðå[u yúkzk{ý Úkíkk 30Úke ðäw kufku ½kÞ ÚkÞk Au. ½kÞ kuyu ykhkuãk økkôþku Au fu ík]ý{] fkuøkúumklkk fkþofíkkoykuyu íku{lkk Ãkh nw{ ku fþkuo níkku. íku{ýu sýkôþw níkw fu íkuyku íþkt {íkëklk fhðk {kxu økþk níkk. Ãkhtíkw íku Mk{Þu xeyu{mkelkk fkþofhkuyu kfzeyku ðzu y{khk Ãkh nw{ ku fþkuo níkku. ík{k{ ½kÞ kulku nkuâmãkx ¾Mkuzðk{kt ykôþk Au. p-5 sp ap -hfkpv$ u 58 p dp s, 6 fpäep dp A gv $ hu qv$ëlu: 24 L$gpL$dp Ap^u, sp ap A hfkpv$ p L$pfZ e gu v$ O V$ pdp R> fpäep dp 58 gp L$p dpep Nep Äepf 50 u h^y gp L$p Opeg ep R>. lhpdp rhcpn kp dhpf DÑfpMX$, rldpqg âv$ i, lqfepzp, Åb, QX$uNY$, [íhdu DÑfpMX$, S>çdy L$píduf p L $V$gpL$ rhõspfp dp sp ap -hfkpv$ u kp hfkpv$ C il $ R>. Ap l gp frhhpf lhpdp rhcpn v$ i p DÑf u gc v$rnzu A h u gc [íqdu rhõspfp dp sbplu dqphu. 24 L$gpL$ v$frdep Ap^u, sp ap A hfkpv$ p L$pfZ e gu v$ O V$ pdp R> fpäep dp 58 gp L$p dpep Nep Äepf 50 u h^y gp L$p Opeg ep. kp u h^y 18 dp s DÑfâv$ idp C. sp [íqd bnpmdp 12, Ap^ dp 9, s gnp pdp 3, NyS>fpsdp 4 gp L$p p dp s r Äep R>. qv$ëludp 109 ql$gp duv$f u õ ux $ h azl$pep lsp S> p u qv$ëludp AgN AgN S>ÁepA 2 gp L$p p dp s r Äep lsp Äepf L $ 18 gp L$p Opeg ep lsp. p-5 MkuLkk ylku Mkhfkhu ykãke «MíkkðLku {tswhe {{íkk MkhfkhLkk {tºke hçkelÿlkkúk ½ku»ku ¼ksÃk Mk{Úkof {íkëkhlku kvku {kþkuo : r{zeþk WÃkh Ãký nw{ ku ÚkÞku ¼ep rhõspfdp C tlkp? DÑf 24 fn p, v$rnz 24 fn p, h^ dp, L $Qb lpf rs> pdp tlkp p kdpqpfp Apìep lsp. L $Qb lpf rs> p tlkp L$pfZ 20 gp L$p Opeg ep R>. Äep TMC L$pe L$sp Ap f lºdgp p Apfp gnphhpdp Apìep R>. sdpd CÅN õsp A ds> A lp [õ V$gdp v$pmg L$fhpdp Apìep R>. L $Qb lpf p qv$ lpv$p rhõspfdp Z b S > hãq A X$pdZ C lsu S> dp A L$ gp L$p Opeg ep R>. cpnfdp duqx$ep u NpX$u kmnphhpdp Aphu R>. Ap D fps L $d fp sp X$u rhõspfdp duqx$ep S>hp f fp L$ gnphpc R>. TMC-BJP p A L$buÅ f v$p jpfp Z h^ dp rs> pdp rh nu v$m CPM A cps> A TMC f hp V$k X$fphhp u - ^dl$phhp u A p tgn b u blpf bp çb a L$hp p Apfp gnpìep R>. S> Apfp p TMCA anphu v$u^p R>.cpS> DÑf 24 fn p rs> pdp kñp^pfu TMCA gp L$p tlkp u Mygu R >V$ Ap u R>. Mpk L$fu ApdX$pN rhõspfdp. TMC p hqf $ dóu Äep rsrâep drgl $ cps> f tlkp a gphhp p Apfp gnphep R>. tlkp u ApiL$p Å sp fpäedp ki kyfnpl$d}ap l g u s ps L$fhpdp Apìep R>. lh cpfsue k p dpv 15 låf L$fp X$ p lr epfp y i r dp Z$ Lkðe rëõne, íkk. 14 ¼khíkeÞ MkuLkkyu Ëuþ{kt 15 nòh fhkuz YrÃkÞkLkk nrúkþkh rlk{koýlkk «MíkkðLku {tswhe ykãke ËeÄe Au. yk «kusuõx 10 ð»ko{kt Ãkwýo fhðklkw ûþktf Lk e fhðk{kt ykôþw Au. MkiLÞ «kusuõx{kt 11 ¾kLkøke ftãklkeykulku Mkk{u fhðk{kt L$pg u fps>õ p dp afu u NyS> f Apv$p g : só A gv $ sþãkwh, íkk. 14 hksmúkklk{kt ykðíkefk Úke økwsoh Mk{wËkÞLkk ylkk{ík yktëku LkLkku «kht¼ ÚkðkLkku Au. sulku ELku Mkhfkh ylku hu ðu hu ðu rð¼køku MkwhûkkË kulke {ËË {ktøke : Mkhfkh îkhk yktëku Lk hkufðk {kxu ðkík[eíklkku íkçk ku þy fhkþku çknw{íke Ähkðíke 80 økúk{ Ãkt[kÞík rðmíkkhkulkk 167 çkimk k MkkÚku çkuxflkku «Míkkð {kufõþku Au. íku{s Mk{økú ykðe Au. yk «kusuõx Ãkqýo ÚkÞk çkkë MkuLkkLku 30 rëðmk MkwÄeLkk ÞwØ{kt rðmvkuxfkulke íktøke Lkne Ãkzu. AuÕ k ½ýk ð»kkuo{kt nrúkþkh rlkýkoý ûkuºku yk MkkiÚke {kuxku «kusuõx {klkðk{kt ykðe hìkku Au. yk «kusuõx nux Ëuþ{kt srx xuflkku kusðk k nrúkþkh ylku xulf çklkkððk{kt ykðþu. MkhfkhLkku nuíkw nrúkþkhkulke ykþkík{kt Úkíkk p-5 11 sux e ¾kLkøke ftãklkeykulke {ËËÚke ykøkk{e 10 ð»ko{kt nrúkþkh rlk{koýlkk ûþlku Ãkwýo fhðklke ÞkusLkk fhkuzku YrÃkÞkLkw LkwfþkLk ÚkÞw Au. MkkÚku s ylkuf kufkuyu ÃkkuíkkLkk kp fpô²$ ¾$prs kpýe v$ q L$ f u B- f PDF d mhhp dpv $ Ap p dp bpbg f u dp A hp sp f Ap y pd, s ds> il f y pd gmu hp V$¹kA L$fp. yu xo íke økþk Au. hu ðuyu økwsoh yktëku LkLkku Mkk{Lkku fhðk {kxu MkwhûkkË kulkku çkku kðe eäk Au. íku{s yktëku LkLku æþklk{kt hk¾elku ¼híkÃkwh rsõ k{kt økwsoh økk{ku{kt ykðíkefk Mkkts MkwÄe ELxhLkux Mkuðkyku çktä fhe ËeÄe Au. çkes çkksw hkßþ Mkhfkh íkhvúke rsõ k f uõxh MktËuþ LkÞkfu økwsoh Lkuíkk rfþkuhe Mkn 167 økk{ku{kt ELxhLkux Mkuðkyku çktä R > p e p A S > p N Y $ p L $ d g c p B d y L $ i c p B c Ë $ u s p k L $ f s p s A p p k u A u S > u p V $ p 1, 6 9, 2 7, p S > Õ p d m u A p ì e p l s p. p g u k b ß u ^ f L $ X $ L $ f u S > u p V $ p S > Õ p L $ å S > L $ f u A p N m u L $ p e h p l u l p ^ f u R >. L$Zp V$L$dp dsv$p yz sp S> V²$p g-qx$tg p cphdp cx$l$p y{ëkðkë, íkk. 14 AuÕ k 17 rëðmkúke ÂMÚkh ÚkE økþu ÃkuxÙku -zeí Lkk ¼kðku{kt fýkoxf [wtxýe Ãkwýo Úkíkk s ðäkhku fhðk{kt ykôþku Au. yk su ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð{kt 17 «rík exh ßÞkhu rzí {kt 21 ÃkiMkk «rík exhlkku ðäkhku fhðk{kt ykôþku Au. yk MkkÚku y{ëkðkë{kt ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð ðäelku YrÃkÞk «rík exh ÚkE økþk Au. p-5 rsõ k{kt Ãkku emkulku yu xo hnuðk {kxu Mkw[Lkk ykãke Ëuðk{kt ykðe Au. yk Ãknu k økwsohku Ãkkt[ ð¾ík ylkk{íklku ELku yktëku Lk fhe [wõþk Au. íku{s Ëhuf ð¾íku Sð Ãký økw{kôþk Au. 2007{kt 29 {uúke Ãkkt[ swlk MkwÄe økwsohkuyu yktëku Lk fþwo níkw. sulke ymkh 22 rsõ k{kt ÚkE níke ylku 38 kufkulkk {kuík ÚkÞk níkk. Adpfp ÓL$pf bpbsdp L$p C aqfepv$ lp e sp Ad Ap bf f S>Zphp dp saurashtrakranti@gmaill.com

2 o Page: 2 Ap Zp L$d f rhíhpk L$fp,fpriAp f l] kp fpô²$ ¾$prs ktíkefkhe u¾f MknkËík Ãkh ykäkheík Au rvõ{ õ p V¹ $k Ãktík çklþku rëõne íkvhúke yuf rmkílk{kt MkkiÚke ðäw hlk fhlkkh ykeãkeyu {kt Ä{kfuËkh çku xøk {wæu ÄkuLkeyu fþkuo MkkiÚke {kuxku ¾w kmkku IPL k 11 {k r Í {kt [uòke w h f k fuãx {nulÿ n Äku e y ytëks{kt h{œk Ëu¾kE hìkk Au. Œuyku yk r Í e þyykœúke s khe E ø h{e hìkk Au. yk r Í {kt ½ýe {u[ Œuyku kuœk k Ë{ h SíÞk Au. IPL k ka k r Í e h¾k{ýe{kt Äku e IPL k yk r Í {kt ½ýk yk {f Y Úke E ø h{œk shu ze hìkk Au. yk ðkœ ku WÕ u¾ Äku eyu kuœu fþkuo Au WÕ u¾ eþ Au fu IPL k 11 {k r Í e þyykœ 7 yur«úke ÚkE Au, nu ku {wfkƒ ku [uòkke y u {wtƒe ðå[u h{kþku nœku. yíþkh wäe yk r Í k 45 {wfkƒ kyku h{ke [wõâk Au. ƒu ð»ko ƒkë Vhe ykðu e eyu fu ŒhVÚke Äku e yk r Í {kt yíþkh wäe{kt fw 28 A k {khe [wõâk Au, ý òu ð»ko 2015 IPL e ÞkËe e ðkœ fheyu Œku Äku eyu fw 15 A k {kþko nœk.úkkuzk {Þ nu k hksmúkk k{u { u e nkh ƒkë Äku eyu kuœk k fku[ MxuV ^ u { u kuœk e ƒõ uƒks Vku{o rðþu waâw Œku Œu{ý yu ðkœ ku Mðefkh fþkuo fu Äku e e ƒu x ykuzohu Œu{ e ƒu x Vku{o{kt ½ýe {ËË fhe Au. íþkhu Äku eyu ¾w k ku fþkuo fu IPL k þy Úkðk e nu k {u {khk nuz fku[ ^ u { u fìš fu nw rœðú ýu ƒu x fhðk wt të fy Awt, y u nw ðäw{kt ðäw ƒu x fheþ, nw Œ{ u yuf ky rhx o yk e þfwt Aw Äku e e [uòke w h f u hksmúkk hkuþõ k k{u 4 rðfuxúke nkh ku k{ ku fhðk zâku nœku. yk {u[{kt [uòkeyu nu k ƒuxª fhe 4 rðfux k wõþk kúku 176 h ƒ kôþk nœk. Œu k sðkƒ{k hksmúkk u 6 rðfux ½w{kðe ûþ «kó fþwo nœw. Äku eyu yk {u[{kt 33 h e kƒkë E h{e nœe. hpl$p f Mps kdn cfhpx$ kdps> Üpfp ânv$phpb rinz u S>ep s ksp p lõs rinz u ÝhÅ y L$fpey Apfp lz: Np pgl$ Ly$dpf R>pÓpge Mps ep ÅC cìe kshpzu: rhrh^ L$pe ¾$dp dp cfhpx$ kdps> p gp L$p DdV$u X$ep hpl$p f, Np pgl$ Ly$dpf R>pÓpge Üpfp A p e p r S > s r i n Z S > e p s s d S > r i n Z Ý h Å A p f p l Z p â d L$pe ¾$d dp fbu rs> p p hpl$p f Mps ep Åep lsp. S> dp cfhpx$ kdps> p gp L$p dp rinz S>ep s L$u kdps> r i r n s b s h p D v $ i k p i u h p f p f p S > c ì e L $ p e ¾ $ d y Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. Ap rinz S>ep s p kdpfp ldp cfhpx$ kdps> p ^d Nyê A ksp -dlsp s d S > f p S > L $ u e A N Z u A p r h i j Arsr sful $ Mpk D [õ rs füp lsp.aps> p lfzapm cep eyndp i nrzl$ fus cfhpx$ kdps> p bpml$p DÃQ rinz d mhu kdps> u kp k p A Þ e k d p S > p g p L $ p Z D ep Nu b s ds> kdps> Np fh âv$p L$f s hp Mfp Dv$ íe kp hpl$p f Np pgl$ Ly$dpf R>pÓpge Üpfp rinz S > e p s s d S > r i n Z Ý h Å Apfp lz p L$pe ¾$d y cìe Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. Ap L$pe ¾$d u ê f Mpdp â d kýep Apfsu l gp îu dãr>p dpspæ p dqv$f cfhpx$ kdps> p ^d Nyê u lps>fudp rinz S>ep s ânv$phpdp Aphu lsu A Ð e p f b p v $ N p p g L $ R > p Ó p g e f rinz u ^Å afl$phhpdp Aphu lsu. økt¼eh-mknuðkøklku ÃkkA Akuzâk yk rmkílk{kt MkkiÚke ðäw hlk, MkkiÚke ðäw [kuøøkk, MkkiÚke ðäw Aøøkk, MkkiÚke {kuxk ÔÞÂõíkøkík MfkuhLkku hfkuzo ÃktíkLkk Lkk{u rëõne zuþhzurðõmklke xe{ [k w ð»kuo à uykuvlke nhevke{ktúke çknkh ÚkE [wfe Au. Ãkhtíkw xe{lkk Mxkh ¾u kze É»k¼ Ãktíku Ëhuf {u[{kt Lkðe WÃk çäe {u ðe Au. yk rmkílk{kt MkkiÚke ðäw hlk, MkkiÚke ðäw [kuøøkk, MkkiÚke ðäw Aøøkk ylku MkkiÚke {kuxk ÔÞÂõíkøkík MfkuhLkku hfkuzo ÃktíkLkk Lkk{u Au. yk WÃkhktík íkuýu ðäw yuf hufkuzo ÃkkuíkkLkk Lkk{u fhe eäku Au. É»k¼Ãktík ykeãkeyu Lke fkue yuf rmkílk{kt rëõne zuþhzurðõmk íkhvúke MkkiÚke ðäw hlk çklkkðlkkh ¾u kze çklke økþku Au. Ãktíku yk rmkøe rðhulÿ Mknuðkøk ylku økkiík{ økt¼eh suðk Mxkh ¾u kzeykulku ÃkkA AkuzeLku {u ðe Au. Ãktíku ykeãkeyu Lke [k w rmkílk{kt yíþkh MkwÄe 12 {u[ku{kt 582 hlk çklkkôþk Au ylku íkulku uc Mfkuh yýlk{ 128 hlk Au. yk Ãknu k 2008{kt økkiík{ økt¼ehu rëõne íkhvúke h{íkk 14 {u[{kt 534 hlk çklkkôþk níkk. ßÞkhu rðhulÿ Mknðkøku rëõne íkhvúke h{íkk 2012{kt 16 {u[{kt 495 hlk çklkkôþk níkk. ßÞkhu rëõne íkhvúke yuf rmkílk{kt MkkiÚke ðäw hlk çklkkððk{kt [kuúkk {kfu yuçke rzrðr ÞMko Au. suýu 2009{kt 15 {u[ h{elku 465 hlk çklkkôþk níkk. íkku rzfkufu 2016{kt rëõne íkhvúke 13 {u[{kt 445 hlk çklkkôþk níkk. òu fu É»k¼ Ãktíku yk ík{k{ {nklk ¾u kzeykulku ÃkkA Akuze ËeÄk Au. íku{s ns rëõneyu ykeãkeyu Lke [k w rmkílk{kt çku {u[ h{ðklke çkkfe Au. i r h p f u k p S > c ì e gp L$X$pefp y Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. S> dp L$p ql$gl$w$u A gp L$NpCL$p N u s p b f b p f u s d S > g p L $ kprlðel$pf ll$pcp NY$huA knus f k u A p f k p L $ f p h g. S > d p cfhpx$ kdps> u kp AÞe kdps> p gp L$p dp V$u k epdp DdV$u X$ep lsp A p s L $ c f h p X $ k d p S > p ^d Nyê. y.ksîu O íepd yfu bp y fp,. y ksîu fps> ÞÖv$pk bp y bl p dpv $ lfk-dkpcnv$f p r :iyël$ r v$p L $ç fps>l$p V$ s p. 1 6 b y ^ h p f p f p S > kæh u l ë L $f k ÞV$f,211-dpê$rs v$ L$p çàg n, N g L$ku lp V$g kpd, S>hplf fp X$ Mps khpf 10:30 u 1 hpáep ky^u bl p dpv $ r :iyël$ A p e y h v $ u L $ l f k - d k p - cnv$f,ms>hpm s p pbfp X$ p fp Np s p hp, kp^p s p bl p dpv $ r :iyël$ r v$p L $ç y Apep S> L$fpey R>.(2.3) sp fzuep, îu biuv$pkbp y Ap p Å g p u S > Á e p d k f u e p, î u L $ f i c N s h p k N u u S > Á e p - png f, gmdzcns, L$ ycns, p pcns krls p ksp dlsp s ds> h u f d N p d p ^ p f p k c ¹ e g p M p c p C cfhpx$, kpkv$ dp l cpc Ly$X$pmuep, d p f b u Æ p p X $ g A p a u k f NufuicpC kf ep, cfhpx$ kdps> p AN Zu dpópcpc dy^hp, S>e icpc Np gsf, p pcpc X$pcu, f epcpc dy^hp, f hpcpc MfNuep, L$pmycpB dpnyx$p hn f D [õ s flu L$pe ¾$d u ip cpdp Arch rù Ap u lsu. A p k d N L $ p e ¾ $ d k a m b phhp N gpcpb X$pcu, L$hpcpB Np gsf, X$pepcpB kf ep, lufpcpc bpçcp s ds> Np pgl$ eyhp knw$ hpl$p f Üpfp cpf S>l ds DW$phhpdp Aphu lsu. LkðkswÆeLkLke {txku rvõ{lkw rxíh rh eí fhðk{kt ykôþw çkku eðwz yr¼lkuíkk LkðkswÆeLk rmkæefelke çknw«íkeûkeík rvõ{ {txkulkw rxíh rh eí fhe Ëuðk{kt ykôþw Au. rvõ{{kt LkðkswÆeLk òýeíkk u¾ MknkËík nmklk {txkulkk hku {kt òuðk { e hìkku Au. xeíh{kt LkðkswÆeLke sçkhsmík yuõxªøklke Í f òuðk { e hne Au. {txkulkk 1 r{lkex ylku 27 MkufLzLkk rxíh{kt LkðkswÆeLk rmkæefe ËþofkuLke yãkuûkk Ãkh Vhe yufðkh ¾hku Wíkhíkku òuðk { e hìkku Au. rvõ{{kt LkðkswÆeLkLke MkkÚku yrçklkuºke hrmkfk Ëwøøk Ãký òuðk { e hne Au. su {txkulke ÃkíLkeLke ¼wr{fk{kt Au. rvõ{{kt LkðkswÆeLk yuf yuðk u¾flke ¼wr{fk{kt Au su yuf heíku rðÿkune Au. íku fkuxo{kt ÃkkuíkkLkk ÃkwMíkf rðáø LkkuÄkÞu fumklke Mkk{u zu Au. rxíh{kt Ëþkoððk{kt ykðu fux kf zkuþ kuf kufkulku ¾wçk ÃkMktË Ãkzu íkuðk Au. zkþhuõxh LktrËíkk ËkMkLke yk rvõ{{kt Ãkhuþ hkð, Ér»k fãkwh, íkkrnh hks ¼MkeLk {wïþ ¼wr{fk{kt òuðk { e hìkk Au. {txku yuf rnmxkurhf ÃkerhÞz zùk{kt rvõ{ Au. su u¾f MknkËík nmklk {txkulkk SðLk Ãkh ykäkheík Au. {txkuyu ¼khík-ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk ¼køk k ylku íku Mk{ÞLke Mkk{krsf ÂMÚkíkeLku fulÿ{kt hk¾elku ylkuf ÃkwMíkfku ÏÞk níkk. çkkþkurãkf rvõ{ Mkwh{kLkw Lkðw ÃkkuMxh rh eí ÚkÞw rë Sík ËkuMkktÍ yr¼lkeík rvõ{ Mkwh{kLkw Lkðw ÃkkuMxh rh eí fhe Ëuðk{kt ykôþw Au. yk rvõ{ òýeíkk nkufe ¾u kze MktËeÃk MknLkk SðLk Ãkh ykäkheík Au. MktËeÃk Mkn ¼khíkeÞ nkufe xe{lkku fóklk hne [wõþku Au ylku íkulku ¼khíkeÞ nkufelku fux ef yiríknkmkef ÞkËku ykãke Au. rvõ{{kt MktËeÃk MknLkw Ãkkºk rë Sík ËkuMkktÍ ¼sðe hìkku Au. MktËeÃkLku ËwrLkÞkLkk MkkiÚke ¾íkhLkkf zù iøk Â^ fmko{ktúke yuf økýðk{kt ykðu Au. rvõ{lkw «Úk{ ÃkkuMxh çku {rnlkk Ãknu k rh eí fhðk{kt ykôþw níkw. rvõ{{kt rë Sík ËkuMkktÍLke MkkÚku íkkãkmke ÃkÒkw {wïþ ¼wr{fk{kt òuðk { þu. yk rvõ{ 13 sw kelkk hkuí rh eí fhðk{kt ykðþu. Mkwh{kt WÃkhktík yk ð»ku MkwÃkh 30 suðe ylþ fux ef {níðãkwýo çkkþkurãkõmk rvõ{ku rh eí ÚkðkLke Au. a kb L$ f ^Zu dpsn-drsepv$ h AN A c Ö Q V $ L $ f p f p A p f p u T X $ p e p Np^u^pd: a kb L$ f fp eg kfl$pf A S>e bp Æ S> hu ApCX$u b phu dl íhfu kdps> p ^d Ny{ rhi AcÖ V$uL$pV$uà Zu L$fhp p L $kdp Adv$phpv$ ¾$pCd b p ¹Q s pk kcpþep p 48 L$gpL$dp S> A L$ Apfp u u ^f L$X$ L$fu R>.Apfp u y pd âv$u R>. Å L $, Apfp u ¼ep p fl hpku R>, L$p Z R> hn f S> hu AÞe rhnsp Ap hp y p guk V$pþey R>. DíL $fpv$ p a gpe A Apfp u L$p C V$pN V$ p b ph s l sy u p guk Nyásp Åmhu R>.ApS> Np^u^pddp p guk A L$ ÓL$pf qfjv$ ep Æ Apfp u â k kdn fs > L$ep lsp. ApC u gp N]N X $V$p p V$ L$r L$g A pgukuk p Ap^pf Apfp u L$X$ép lp hp y Ål f L$fpey R>. Apfp u p L$p V$ R> qv$hk p fudpþx$ ds >f L$ep R>.(0.1) O gp kp d p dlpv$ h ApL$j L$ î Npf S>kv$Z: h ipm drl p u rihfpóu r rds S>kv$Z ÆL$ p O gp kp d p dlpv$ h ApL$j L$ î Npf L$fhpdp Apìep lsp. låfp îùpmya v$i L$fu ^Þesp A ychu lsu. (2.9) bp guhyx$ ykr ÞkLke rvõ{ hkíeyu çku rëðmk{kt 18 fhkuzúke ðäwlke f{kýe fhe ƒkur ðwz e yuõxùu ykr Þk ¼è e rvõ{ 'hkíe'yu ƒkuõ ykurv h khe þyykœ fhe Au. {u½ k w Íkh e yk rvõ{ u ½ýk khk heôþwt {éþk Au y u kufku Œu u të ý fhe hìkk Au. nu k s rëð u ykr Þk e yk rvõ{ 7.52 fhkuz Yr Þk e f{kýe fhe nœe. ðefyulz{kt rvõ{ khe yuðe f{kýe fhu Œuðwt {k ðk{kt ykðe hìšt Au. Œu e kúku ƒeò rëð u yux u fu þr ðkhu hkíeyu ƒkuõ ykurv h 11 fhkuz Yr Þk e f{kýe fhe Au. xùuz yu kr Mx h{uþ ƒk k k fnuðk «{kýu, rvõ{u þr ðkhu 11 fhkuz e fkýe kúku fw fhkuz Yr Þk e f{kýe fhe eäe Au.rVÕ{ wt ƒsux ykþhu fhkuz Yr Þk wäe wt {k ðk{kt ykðe hìšt nœwt. rvõ{ rnhkue uâlxùf Au. rvõ{{kt ykr Þk e yuâõxt ½ýe khe Au. rvõ{{kt Œu krfmœk {kt hne u ¼khŒ {kxu ò q e fhe hnu k {rn k k kºk{kt òuð k { u Au. rvõ{{kt ykr Þk e kúku rðfe fkiþ, hs f qh y u sþëe yn kðœ ý òuðk { u Au. rvõ{ MktswLkwt Lkðw ÃkkuMxh rhr Í,1993Lkk MktßÞ Ë klke ÞkË yãkkðe tsþ Ë k k Sð húke ƒ e hnu e ƒkþkur f rvõ{ tsw k yuf ƒkë yuf kumxh rhðe fhðk{kt ykðe hìkk Au. su{kt hkswfw{kh rnhkýeyu tsþ Ë k k 1993 k ƒkubƒ ç kmx {Þ e Œ ðeh þuh fhe. yk kumxh{kt hýƒeh f qh SL {kt òuðk { e hìkku Au. hýƒehu nkúk{kt núkfze nuhe Au. kúku s Œu ku ƒeyzo qf tsþ k su {Þ e ÞkË y kðe hìkku Au. hksw fw{kh rnhkýeyu yk nu k s sýkôþwt nœwt fu, tsþ Ë k e qhe kev u ƒuúke yze f kf{kt Ëþkoððe yu {w~fu fk{ nœwt. yux u tsþ Ë k k Sð u y y 6 Œƒ k{kt ðnu[ðk{kt ykôþwt. su wt yk AuÕ wt kumxh ý rhðe fhðk{kt ykôþwt Au. xtðexh h yk Vkuxku þuh fhœk hksfw{kh rnhkýeyu ÏÞwt fu, tsw nu eðkh 1993{kt yhumx ÚkÞku nœku. Œu u ƒu { e nkuœe. yzkh {rn k su {kt hìkku nœku, su yk {Þ u q :SrðŒ fþkuo Au. yk rvõ{ 29 sq u ƒkuõ ykurv h rh eí Úkþu. su e VuL ƒu ƒúeúke hkn òue hìkk Au. yr¼lkuºke MkkuLkkûke MknkLku Mkwhuþ hilkklke çku xøk òuðe ¾qçk ÃkMktË Ãkzu Au ƒkur ðwz y u r fux yufƒeò k qhf Au. yk ýu ƒäk sýkðe Aeyu fu ƒku eðqz yke eyu {kt fe heœu ¼k u Au. r«œe rílxk, þkny¾ ¾k rþõ{k þuèe y u swne [kð k suðk ½ýe òrýœe ur rƒúxeyku ul[keíe k {kr fku Œhefu yke eyu k {níð ku ¼k Au. r«œe rílxk rfø E uð tòƒ kúku íþkhu þkná¾ ¾k fku f kk kex hkez o kúku tf kþu k Au. yke eyu e e Ëhuf eí {kt Œuyku kuœk e xe{ u [eþh y fhðk MxurzÞ{{kt òuðk { Œk nkuþ Au. nk {kts ku kûkeyu yuf ELxhÔÞq{kt kuœk k { {Œk r fuxh rðþu sýkôþwt Au. ku kûke ku { {Œku r fuxh k Œku fuãx fw Äku e Au k Œku rðhkx fkun e.½ýk Þwðk ku e su{ ku kûke ku { të r fux ý whuþ hi k Au. ku kûkeyu sýkôþwt nœwt fu Œu whuþ hi k e ƒu x òuðk wt të fhu Au. ½ýe ð¾œu Œu kuœ k Vuðhex r fuxh u yr¼ të y u «þt k fhœe nkuþ Au. whuþ hi k yke eyu {kt þk Ëkh «Ëþo fhe hìkku Au. Œu yke eyu ErŒnk {kt kiúke ðäw h fh kh ƒuxt {u ý Au. y u Œuýu ½ýk xku[ k ƒuxt {u ku u ka Akuze ËeÄk Au y u Œuýu ktƒk {ÞÚke ykuhuls fu ý ò ðe hkïþk Au. dprmep lpv$u p spgyl$p p L$X$pep-(Nuf) Npd h S>du v$u$ f JQp yg bp^hp y Mpsdylºs Qp dpkp hms X$su dyíl $gu v $f i : N pds> p dp Ap v$ u gpnzu dpnfp m, d p r m e p l p V $ u p s p g y L $ p p L$X$pep-(Nuf) Npd h S>du qv$ f JQp yg bp^hp y Mps dylºs L$fhpdp Apìey. Qp dpkpdp hfkpv$ sp L$pX$pep Npd qv$dp cf yf pzu Aphsp KQp yg lp hp u Npd gp L$p Aphhp S>hp p fõsp b^ s ds> M b dyíl $gu kå su lsu. gpbp kde u fsy>apsp L$fsp A L$pd ApS> dsy>f e g. A p L $ p d y M p s d y l f s d p N f p m - d p m u e p s p g y L $ p p d s rhõspf p ^pfpkæe bpbycpc hpå p lõs L$fhpdp Apìey lsy Ap âkn A p f p Á e k r d r s p Q f d fzæstkl fdpf spgyl$p p kv$õe qv$gu cpc kf Q Ar gcpc s p dpæ kf Q d OÆcpC AÞe Npd p ApN hp p D [õ s füp lsp. L$X$pep-Nuf Npd y h S>du qv$ p yg y L$pd dsy>f hp u kp N pd hpiuap dp A p v $ u g p N Z u â h s } f l u R>.(2.8) Lkðk MktþkuÄLk{kt Mkk{u ykðe òýfkhe r[flkãkkuõmk ykt¾ku {kxu çklke þfu Au ðäw ¾íkhLkkf AuÕ k 20 ð»kkuoúke r[flkãkkuõmk ðuõmkelklkk WÃkÞkuøkÚke fux kf ËËeoykuLke ykt¾ku{kt fkšlkþk MkkuòLke VrhÞkË yuðwt ½ýeðkh òuðk{kt ykðu Au fu, rçk{khelkk Mk{Þu WÃkÞkuøk{kt uðk{kt ykðíke Ëðkyku çkkë{kt ÃkkuíkkLke ykzymkh Ãký Ëu¾kzíke nkuþ Au. r[flkãkkuõmk ylku ËkË suðe rçk{kheyku{kt WÃkÞkuøk{kt uðk{kt ykðíkk xefkúke ík{khe ykt¾ku{kt Mkkuò ykððklke ÃkwhuÃkwhe þõþíkk hnu e Au. yuf Lkðk MktþkuÄLk{kt òýðk {éþwt Au fu, AuÕ k 20 ð»kkuoúke rðï MðkMÚÞ MktøkXLk îkhk rlkëuorþík r[flkãkkuõmk ðuõmkelklkk WÃkÞkuøkÚke fux kf ËËeoykuLke ykt¾ku{kt fkšlkþk MkkuòuLke VrhÞkË { e Au. y{urhfklke ÞwrLkðŠMkxe ykuv r{mkwhe Mfw ykuv {urzmkelklkk zkuõxh uzrhf klkvuõzhlkk sýkôþk ylkwmkkh, LkuþLk ylku ELxhLkuþLk Lke fumk rhãkkuxo WÃkh MktþkuÄLk{kt 20 yuðk {k{ k Mkk{u ykôþk, su{kt yk ðuõmkelklkk WÃkÞkuøkÚke ykt¾kulke íkf ev ðäe Au. klkvuõzhlkk sýkôþk {wsçk, òufu yk yuf MkkÄkhý ½xLkk Au, Ãkhtíkw zkuõxhkulku yk ðuõmkelk ykãkíkk Ãknu kt hkuøkelkku EríknkMk òýe uðku syhe nkuþ Au. òu íku{lku õþkhuf ykðe {w~fu eyku ÚkE íkku yk ðuõmkelk îkhk íku VheÚke Mkr Þ ÚkE þfu Au. Þwðkyku{kt yk ûký ðuõmkelklkk 24 rëðmkkulke ytëh òuðk { íkk nkuþ Au. ßÞkhu çkk fku{kt yklke ymkh 14 rëðmkkulke ytëh òuðk { u Au. yk MktþkuÄLk ð»ko 2015{kt kumkðuøkkmk{kt ykþkursík ÚkÞu y{urhflk yufuz{e ykuv ykuãúkuõ{ku kus{kt hsw fhðk{kt ykôþwt níkwt.

3 Page: 3 Æv$Nu p u u lp su,gp L$p Æhhp y dp X $ u iê$ L$f R>. kp fpô²$ ¾$prs BAPS Üpfp V²$pqaL$ ÅN rs A h Ùpîd-A p pîddp køcph p Arcep sóu õ p u... {kºk Mkhfkhu xufklkk ¼kðu ¾heËu {økv e s fu{ ykøk{kt ¾kf ÚkE...!? rðï¼h{kt MkkiÚke ðäw íku ykãkíke {økv e {kºk økwshkík{kt s ÚkkÞ Au. su{kt Mkkihk»xÙLke ¾uík s{elklkk 70 xfk{kt {kºk {økv elkwt s ðkðuíkh ÚkkÞ Au. fkhý Ëh ðhmku Ãkkt[ k¾ xlk MkªøkËkýkLke rlkfkmk ÚkkÞ Au íku{ktúke ÃkLkeh çkxh çklku Au. íku Lkk 10 rf ku xelklkk YrÃkÞk 750Lkk ËhÚke rlkfkmk fhðk{kt ykðu Au yux k fkhýu Mkªøkíku Lkk ¼kð ðäw hnu Au. Mkªøkíku Lke ymkh økwshkíklkk yúkoíktºk ylku hksfkhý Ãkh Ãký Ãkzu Au. 1974{kt ¼kðku ðäíkk Mkhfkh n[{[e øke níke. LkðrLk{koý yktëku Lk Mk{Þu Mkªøkíku Lkk ¼kðku ðäíkk yktëku Lku s Ë YÃk Ãkfzâwt níkwt. íþkhu Mkðk yu WƼðe hìkkuu Au fu {kºk Mkhfkhu xufklkk ¼kðu ¾heËu e {økv e ¼hu k Mk tøk [kh-[kh økkuzkwlkku{kt ykøk køkðklkwt fkhý þwt? ykøk køkðk ÃkkA ¼úük[khLke çkq ykðe hìkklkwt kufku {klke hìkk [u. òu fu hkßþ Mkhfkhu MkeykEze ke{lku íkãkkmk MkkUÃke Au íkku yuvyumkyu Ãký íkãkkmk{kt òuzke Au. yux u ËqÄLkwt ËqÄ ylku ÃkkýeLkwt Ãkkýe ÚkðkLke þõþíkk ðäe Au. Ãký Mkªøkíku Lkk ¼kð ðäþu íku Ãký rlkrùík Au Ãký rëðk elkk íknuðkhku{kt økwshkík¼hlkk hmkkuzkyku{kt øk]rnýeyku hkz Ãkkze WXþu íku yuf nfefík çklke hnuþu íku rlkrùík Au. hkßþ{kt ¾uzqíkkuLku hkník ykãkðk hkßþ Mkhfkhu 700Lkk ¼kðu ðu[kíke {økv e su íku Lkkuzu yuslmke îkhk íku{s Mknfkhe {tz eyku îkhk Lkð k¾ xlk sux e YrÃkÞk 900Lkk ¼kðÚke {økv e ¾heËe níke su hkßþlkk rðrðä 22 sux k økkuzkw ku{kt hk¾ðk{kt ykðe níke. Ãkhtíkw Mkhfkhu su {økv e ¾heËeLku su økkuzkwlkku{kt hk¾ðk{kt ykðe níke íku ÃkifeLkk Ãkkt[ økkuzkwlkku{kt rðrðä Mk{Þu ykøk køkíkk nkunk {[e níke. þáykíklke ºkýuf ykøk{kt kufkulku fkte yswøkíkw køþwt níkwt. Ãkhtíkw økkuzkwlk{kt ykøk køkíkk Mkhfkhe {økv e çk elku ¾kf ÚkE síkk {kuxk Ãkz½k Ãkzâk níkk Aíkkt kuf ymkh ykuae níke Ãkhtíkw Ãkkt[{e {ulkk rëðmku hksfkuþlkk þkãkhlkk økkuzkwlk{kt ykøk køkíkk ytëksu [khúke Mkkzk[kh fhkuzlke {økv e çk e øke sulkk fkhýu kufku{kt òuhëkh þtfkyku Q¼e Úkðk MkkÚku ½uhk «íþk½kík Ãkzâk níkk sulku MkhfkhLke Ÿ½ nhk{ fhe Lkkt¾íkk Mkhfkhu MkeykEze ke{lku ík{k{ heíku íkãkkmk fhðk ykëuþ ykãke ËeÄk. Ãkhtíkw kufku{kt {økv e ¾heËe{kt {kuxk ÃkkÞu ¼úük[kh ÚkÞku nkuðklke [[koyu òuh ÃkõzwÞt Au. fkhý fu økkuzkwlk ¼kzu hkïþwt íku ð[urxþk îkhk fu su íku økkuzkwlkkulkk rð{ku s eäku Lk níkku. íkku økkuzkwlk{kt MkeMkexeðe rðs e flkuõþlk LkÚke yu íkku Xef Mkwhûkk {kxulke fkue s ÔÞðMÚkk Lk níke. ð e su su {økv e økkuzkwlkku{kt ykøk køke íku çkäe s {økv e Mkhfkh îkhk ¾heËðk{kt ykðu íþkt s køke Au yux u kufku Ãký ylkuf þtfk-fwþtfk fhðk køþk níkk. hkßþ Mkhfkhu ¾uzqíkku ÃkkMkuÚke xufklkk ¼kðu {økv e ¾heËe su økkuzkwlkku{kt hk¾e níke íku{ktlkk su økkuzkwlkku{kt ykøk køke íku{kt økktäeäk{ økkuzkwlk{kt 2500 xlk {økv e çk e øke níke. ßÞkhu økkuz ¾kíkuLkk økkuzkwlk{kt 700 xlk {økv e íþkhçkkë hksfkuxlkk økkuzkwlk{kt {økv e ¼hu k fkuúk k çk e økþk. íþkhçkkë ò{lkøkhlkk nkãkk{kt {økv e çk e øke y u AuÕ k Ãkkt[{wt økkuzkwlk hksfkuxlkk þkãkh{kt Mkhfkhu ¾heËu e 46 nòh xlk {økv e{kt ykøk køke Ãký çk[kð fkþolku fkhýu YrÃkÞk [kh k¾ fhkuzlke {økv e ¾kf ÚkE níke sulkk Ãkz½k Mkrðþu»k Ãkzâk níkk. fkhý fu 200 fu 250 xulfhku îkhk ykøk çkwíkððk fkþo ÚkE þfwþt níkwt. ðäw ÃkkýeLke syh níke Ãký çkkuh {kr fkuyu Ãkkýe ykãkðklke Lkk Ãkkze ËeÄe níke. kufkulke þtfkyku{kt ¾uzqíkkuÚke {økv e ¾heËe Lk níke fu ¾kuxk rçk ku çklkkôþk níkk,ãkwhkðkykulku Lkkþ fhðk ykøk ¼zfkðe níke suðe ylkuf «fkhlke þtfk fwþtfk ½w{hkE øke Au. hkßþ¼h{kt yk ð»kuo 35 k¾ xlk {økv elkwt WíÃkkËLk ÚkÞwt Au íku{ktúke Mkhfkhu {kºk 9 k¾ xlk {økv e xufklkk ¼kðu ¾heËðk{kt ykðe Au. ßÞkhu ¾wÕ k çkòh{kt YrÃkÞk 700Lkk ¼kðu s {økv e ðu[kíke níke su ¾uzqíkkuLku Ãkhðzu Lkrn íku Ãký nfefík Au. r :iyël$ A L$eyâ if r v$p kpfhpf L $ç fps>l$p V$ sp:14 L $ p B Z â L $ p f u v $ h p h N f r :iyël$ A L$eyâ if r v$p A kpfhpf L $ç y Apep S> sp.16 by^hpf khpf 11 u 12:30, A kps> 7 u 7:45 ky^u, 211-dpê$rs v$ L$p çàg n,buå dpm,n g L$ku lp V$g kpd, S>hplf fp X$, fps>l$p V$ Mps L$fpey R>. Ap L $ç dp A^s kp^ p Üpfp Z rh pdyëe kpfhpf L$fhpdp Aphi. h^ydp h^y 20 v$v$}ap kpfhpf p gpc Ap u il$pi. Ap L $ç5 dpó p guk, lp dnpx $, A k.apf. u. rhn f d p V $ v $ f b y ^ h p f u i y ¾ $ h p f k y ^ u rh pdyëe D fp L$s kde A õ m fpmhpdp Aph g R>. S>epf AÞep by^hpf p fp S> r :iyël$ A L$eyâ if kpfhpf Ap hpdp Aphi.(2.6) A p BÞV$d ÞV$ Mpk f BV$ 80 f L$p gd k.du. du udd kpbt 3x1 L$p gd k.du. 122,125, õ V $ p f Q ç b f, l q f l f Q p L $, Q p à g p V $, f p S > L $ p V $ ph ;saurashtrakranti@gmail.com Web: fps>l$p V sp 14 BAPS k õ p Ü p f p k d p S > L $ ë e p Z u A L $ â h r Ñ A p Qpgu flu R>. fd Äe âdymk pdu d l p f p S > p s p y k d N Æ h d y ó e, Æ h - â p Z u p D Ð L $ j d p V $ k d r s L $ e y l s y. f d Ä e âdymk pdu dlpfps> u â fzp A fd Äe dlsõhpdu dlpfps> p Apiuhp v$ u fps>l$p V$Mps BAPS õ h p r d p f p e Z d q v $ f Ü p f p f d Äe âdymk pdu dlpfps> p 98dp S>ÞdS>esu dlp Ðkh AsN s A L$ S y > v $ p S y > v $ p A r c e p p p i y c p f c L $ f h p d p A p ì e p l s p. S > A s N s BAPS p eyhl$-eyhsuap kdps> DÐL$j p rhrh^ Arcep dp Å X$pi. S> dp S>m ÅN rs Arcep, V²$pqaL$ Å N r s A r c e p, k Ø c p h p A r c e p A r h f p V $ h v $ p Arcep S> hp rhrh^ Arcep p p kdph i L$fhpdp Apìep R>. BAPS p A L $ eyhp p S>m ÅN rs Arcep Üpfp S > m Å N r s d p V $ g p L $ p Å N s L$fi.V²$pqaL$ p r edp u fps>l$p V$ u S> sp dprlsnpf L$fu Ap eyhp p V ² $ p q a L $ Å N r s A r c e p d p Å X $ p i. e y h s u A p S y > v $ p - S y > v $ p h Ù p î d p u d y g p L $ p s g C h Ù p p kdps> ÅN rs A L$ëepZ p Arcep dp Å X$pep BAPS p eyhl$-eyhsuap y õhpõõe dpv$ âp p L$fspkØcph p A r c e p d p Å X $ p i.baps p sdpd lqfc¼sp p sp p S > p h p A L $ r Ó s L $ f u S > ê f u e p s d v $ g p L $ p k ^ u l p Q p X $ u r h f p V $ h v $ p Arcep dp Å X$pi. A p A r c e p A s N s N C L $ p g B BAPS fps>l$p V$ peyhp p il f p p pdhp kl $g, B[Þv$fp kl $g, dhx$u Qp L$, f ep Qp L$X$u, N u g ¹X$ Qp L$X$u, L$p p f i su dp S>hp bv$g Of su b phsp k du pf ep Åep 20 hj u Arhfs ep N epóp v$fçep 275 S> V$gu fl hp S>dhp u kp u r :iyël$ rirbfp p dpýed u låfp ^fp dp â d p qv$hx$p ânv$ph pf A hp kls> Ýep ep N p âz sp îu O íepd NyêÆ p k du pf spfum : 5 ir hpf fp S> kps> 0 6 : 3 0 u 0 8 : 3 0 L $ g p L $ k y ^ u Æ A p C k u C A r d p Z c h, g p ^ NyS>fps BÞõV$uV$eyV$ Ap a rkrhg A ÞÆ uek A ÞX$ ApqL $V$ L$V$k(ÆApCkuCA ) Adv$phpv$ Üpfp L$fpey lsy Apep S> N p X $ u k p d, A r g k r b S >, Adv$phpv$ Mps ep Åe gp. Ap L$pe ¾$d dp ApqL $V$ L$V$k, rkrhg A ÞÆ uek, rbëx$k, X $hgp k, V$pD àgp f, h ëeyk, õv²$l$qfg A ÞÆ uek A L$p ÞV²$p¼V$k hn f D [õ s füp lsp. S > d p g p L $ p A O f s u b p h h p rhi p flõep kdæ A Of su b p h h p p k L $ ë p g u ^ p l s p. Æ.ApC.ku.C.A. kõ p p âdym c p N h v $ k p C, f p L $ i p f M A A S > e c p C A L $ p e ¾ $ d k a m b phhp kyv$f Apep S> L$f gy. ì e h õ p L $ k r d r s p kæe fd icpc kp gl$u, kls> V$ g, rlfgb kp gl$u A yäe l ddp lps>f füp lsp. (2.21) ApV$L$p V$ p bk õv $i fp X$ c gc gpdzu S>kv$Z sp:14 S > k v $ Z s p g y L $ p p A p V $ L $ p V $ N p d p b k õ V $ Þ X $ p f p X $ L $ e p f lp mp b i s hp khpg N pçes> p D W $ p h u f l e p R >. A p V $ L $ p V $ N p d p bkõv $ÞX$ p fp X$ lp mp sp R> S> Z kd pm A hqdp X$uhpBX$f lp hp p L$pfZ A hp cygcygpdzu hpmp fp X$ R> L $ hpl QpgL$p A L$ep S>hy s Qp L$L$k L$L$u L$fu il$sp lp hp u Ahpf hpf rþfkh e þkuä{kt eféþk 9 kðòu, hkuz ku fhœku ðerzþku ðkþh økeh Mkku{LkkÚk,íkk.14 eh k st ku{ktúke ƒnkh ef e kðòu ½ýeðkh huðlþw rðmœkh{kt ykðe sœk nkuþ Au. rþfkh e þkuä{kt yuf kúku 9 kòu hku ku fhe hìkk nkuþ Œuðku ðerzþku kurþþ {erzþk{kt ðkþh ÚkÞku Au. yk ðerzþku eh túkf ku nkuðk wt òýðk { e hìšt Au. su{kt A ný y u ºký nƒk shu zu Au.eh túkf{kt ykðu k xwrhmxkuyu yk ÿ~þku kuœk k {kuƒkr {kt fuë fhe kurþþ {erzþk{kt ðerzþku ðkþh fþkuo Au. «Úk{ ºký {këk n hkuz ku fhu Au ßÞkhu n ƒk Œu e ka hkuz kuþ fhu Au Œku ylþ ºký {këk n n ƒk e ka nuhku ¼hŒe hkuz kuþ fhu Au. eh{kt nt{uþk n ƒk ku e t¼k {këk n uœk nkuþ Au. n ƒk ßÞkt wäe rþfkh fhðk þe¾u íþkt wäe {ktëk n Œu e whûkk e sðkƒëkhe t¼k u Au. S>kv$Z: rh^p }Ap A qv$ëludp rhrh^ õ mp u dygpl$ps gu^u S > k v $ Z : A p ê $ Z u i n Z u L $ k L y $ g - k p Z g u Ü p f p k h n Ó ârscpipmu rh^p }Ap A fp àg u A V ² $ u A p v $ v $ p e L $ d y k p a f u L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. Ap dykpafudp Adv$phpv$ u qv$ëlu ky^u bpml$p gb S>hpdp Apìep lsp. Ðep kõ p Üpfp ÓZ qv$hk fp L$pZ s ds> qv$ëlu p c ì e A r s l p k u L $ g p g q L $ p, Ly$sybdu pf s ds> kkv$ch A i l u v $ õ d p f L $ B Þ X $ u e p N V $ y v $ i L$fphhpdp Apìey lsy. s ds> bpml$p Ap^y ul$ eyndp V $L$ p gp Æ p kpnps A ych pe A hu Asu TX$ v$p X$su d V²$p V² $ u kaf L$fphhpdp Aphu lsu.(0.1) V²$pauL$ D fps AL$õdps Z kå e R> f p S > e p d p N p f A p Æ X $ d u L$p V$X$p uw$p ky^u p dpn bþep R>. Z ApV$L$p V$ bkõv $ÞX$ pk gpbpkde u L $d fõsp sp u? L$p ÞV²$pL$fp Üpfp L $d ApM rdqpdzp L$fhpdp Aph R>? Ap âí ApV$L$p V$ p fps>l$ue spap L $d dynp b u Nep R>? Ðepf A p V $ L $ p V $ p b k õ V $ Þ X $ p k p f p X $ s p Ð L $ p g u L $ l p m p A g h g d p L$fhpdp Aph s hu dpnzu DW$hp pdu R>.(2.22) Qp L$, ról$p ZbpN Qp L$, gpgblpv$yf Qp L$, d½$d Qp L$ S> hp rhrh^ kl $gp f V ² $ p q a L $ Å N r s A r c e p d p Å X $ p e p l s p. k L $ g p f V ² $ p q a L $ r k g p h C V $ ] N d p f l g p hpl QpgL$p V²$pqaL$ ÅN rs p kv$ i p L $ V $ L $ p X $ r h s f Z L $ f u A p à e p l s p. s d S > h p l Q p g L $ p V ² $ p q a L $ p g u k p A p v $ i p A y k f h p p k v $ i r h r h ^ d p Ý e d p Ü p f p f p px$hpdp Apìep lsp. y y A S> âdpz, eyhsuap Ü p f p 1 0 S > V $ g p h Ý ^ p î d p - A p p î d p d p S > C h Ù p s p 400 S> V$gp A p bpml$p p k L $ L $ f h p d p A p ì e p l s p A s A p p k õ h p õ Õ e A k M p L $ p f u dpv$ âp p L$fhpdp Aphu lsu.s> AsN s k ph ph Ý^pîd, dl íhfu h Ý ^ p î d, d ^ f V $ f k p h Ý ^ p î d, L $ p r i L $ ^ p d h Ý ^ p î d, d p s R > p e p h Ý^pîd, v$ul$fp y Of s p k sy k hp V ² $ k ¹ V $ A p p î d, S > b p g p î d, f d Z u L $ L y $ h f b p A p î d, h p Ð k ë e A p p î d p u d y g p L $ p s g B A L $ h Ù p b p m L $ p k l p y c r s u l Ÿ a Ap hp p âeð_ ep lsp. Apd, fd Äe âdymk pdu d l p f p S > p 9 8 d p S > Þ d S > e s u dlp ÐkhD ¾$d h^y A L$ kpdpæl$ L$pe ¾$d u îymgpbaps fps>l$p V$ Üpfp lp ^fhpdp Aphu R>. ApS> u BAPS p eyhp p il fdp Aph gu A L$ v$yl$p -v$yl$p S>C S>m ÅN rs p k v $ i p p W $ h i. BAPS k õ p Üpfp B fl gp L$pep A L$ gp L$p A âik ue NZpìey R>. ku uef rkv$ut p dp c f rhrh^ âh rsap Ap hp fs >Aps i g e y â p S > L $ V $ fps>l$p V$ eyr V$ p âdym-fps> i S>. cps guepa fps>e p dy edóu s p A p f p Á e k r Q h Ó p W $ h u ku uef kuv$ut p p sp p azfkv$ p kde kpfp L$pep dp D ep N L$fu il $ s dpv$ rhrh^ ep S> pap b phhp fs >Aps L$fu lsu. v$f L$ ku uef kuv$ut s y kv$nu y L$pd d mhy Å C A. S > u L $ f u s p s p u AphX$s p kdps> p, fps>e p A fpô² p lus dpv$ D ep N L$fu il$i. kfl$pf Üpfp k hpcphu, r h sp u dv$v$ u v$f L$ il fp dp Qp- põsp p õv$p g Dcp L$f s p W$ fw$ f cp S> pgep V$p L$ v$f Qgph s dpv$ i g ey âp S> L$V$ Üpfp dy edóu A Apfp Áe krqh fs >Aps hu ep S> p b phhp rh su R>. Ap D f p s A p k u u e f k u V $ u T p õh ÃR>pA sdpd kfl$pfu lp [õ V$gdp v$v$}ap s p s p knp AÐes Æ h p v $ f Q p - p Z u - p õ s p A cp S> D gå^ L$fphhp S>êfu kyrh^p s Ap âv$p L$fhu kfl$pfu Np X$pD dp S> A ps> S>dp pe R> s A ps> bnx $ lu A a L$u v$ hy X $ s dpv$ fps>e kfl$pf ep Áe Ngp cf.sdpd kfl$pfu lp [õ V$g AÐes Ap^yr L$, AÐes kyrh^pey¼s b phhpdp Aph. sdpd kfl$pfu lp [õ V$gdp rsb V$ue px$u h Û u r dïl$ L$fhpdp Aph A rsb V$ue v$hp apmhhpdp Aph, f p S > L $ p V $ d p A Ð e s r h i p m Q f p u, A p e y h v $, r s b V $ u e rqql$ðkp Aphfu g su lp [õ V$g Dcu L$fhpdp Aph S> dp b Ngp fdp Aph g ts>v$pg apd S> hu sdpd kyrh^p Dcu L$fhpdp Aph. Aphu ep S> pap b phu kðhf Adg L $ f h p d p A p h s p k u u e f kuv$ut p u AphX$s p, op p, A ych p blp mp gpc kdps>, fps>e, fpô² dmsp fl i fps> i cps guepa L$f g fs >Aps p As S>Zph g R>.(3.7) pksp -afsp Apfp u TX$ u g su dpghuep Nf p guk f p S > L $ p V $ : p g u k L $ r d ñ f A y d t k l N l g p s, ç l. A r ^ L $ p guk L$rdñf X$u.A k.cv$, peb p guk L$rdñfA L$fZfpS> hp^ gp A X $ u. X $ u. k u. u d l s p p. B Þ k A.A QyX$pkdpA Apfp u cph i gpmpcpb Ly$Ni]ep(D.h 30) fl g ÿ d u h p X $ u i f u 5 / 9 p M y Z p foy v$ A pv $d ÞV$ ãk V$ 201 buå dpm fps>l$p V$ hpmp Ap L$pd NyÞlp v$pmg ep bpv$ Qpf dpk u p k s p a f s p l p e S > u M p N u bpsduv$pfp s p V $L$ ul$g kh gþk dpfas Ap L$pd p Apfp u ip ^u L$pY$u AV$L$ L$fhpdp Aph g R>.R> p ApW $L$ dpk u pksp afsp lp hp u L$bygps Ap u R>. L$p V $ Üpfp sp.15 ky^u p guk qfdpþx$ d mìep R>. kp fpô²$ eyr.dp L$d Qpfu fu¾$ua i L$ëb hj p hp lp v¹$ v$pfp u bu lfua hfzu ² y ¹ y y y k p f p ô $ e r h r k V $ u L $ d Q p f u fu¾$ua i L$ëb hj p h p l p v $ v $ p f p u b u l f u a h f Z u L$fhpdp Aphu lsu.ap lp v¹$ v$pfp dp âdym v$ CÞvy$cp Tpgp u r dïl$ L$fpC lsu s ds> dlpdóu v$ S>e V $ h p Z u, D â d M v $ A g. u. ÅX $Å A luf fpw$p X$, kldóu s f u L $ b u k c p C h p L $ A A d u s fdpf, MÅ Qudp Aprij ìepk, L $ p f p b p f u k æ e s f u L $ A c u i L $ d g u e p Z p s d S > â i p s V $ u g p h s, âdym v$ CÞvy$cp Tpgp dlpdóu v$ S>e V $hpzu krls A L$ lp v¹$ v$pfp u r dïl$: lp v¹$ v$pfp AphL$pfsp L$pe L$pfu Ly$g su y l p q v $ L $ A f X $ p, Æ o i g p W $ u e p, ó f p S > t k l T p g p, S >. A d. d, A q L $ f u V $ c p C ì e p k u r d Ï L $ L $ f p C l s u. s ds> drlgp ârsr r^ sful $ dp^hub L$X$hpsf krls p lp v¹$ v$pfp u r dïl$ L$fpC lsu. Ap âkn kp fpô²$ eyr hrk V$u p Ly$g su X$p.L$dgcpC X$p X$uepA Ap b^ps> l p v ¹ $ v $ p f p A p h L $ p f u A c u v $ pw$ìep lsp.(3.6) kfõhsu rhûpdqv$f kly$gdp b qv$hkue L$pfqL$v$} dpn v$i d mp y Apep S> k p f p ô ² r i n Z A k hpkdps> V²$õV$ kqprgs kfõhsu rhûpdqv$f kly$g fps>l$p V$ Üpfp b qv$hkue L$pfqL$v$} d mp y Apep S> ApNpdu sp.19 p ir hpf kps> 5 u 8 hpáep A sp, 20 p frhhpf khpf 8 u 1 hpáep v$frdep kfõhsu r h Û p d q v $ f L $ Þ e p i p m p fzr>p X$ Nf, ipmp.15 u bpsy>dp, Ly$hpX$hpfp X$ Mps L$fhpdp Apìey R>. Ap L$pfqL$v$} dpn v$i d mpdp fps>l$p V$ u r h r h ^ i n r Z L $ k õ p A p p k u dygl$ps g pf rhûp } A hpguap DÃQ rinz y L$pfqL$v$}gnu dpn v$i dmu fl i D fps ksp p p i nrzl$ c r h ó e A N p k h p g p - k d õ e p y r fpl$fz i. kdn L$pfqL$v$}gnu d mp p L$pe ¾$d kam b phhp Q fd A h c p C d Z u A p f A V ² õ V $ u A u g c p C q L» $ N f p d p N v $ i d p â^p Qpe v$i pb v$p dx$uep S>l ds DW$phu füp R>. S> sp Ap d mp u dygpl$ps g hp kõ p sfa u r dóz pw$hpdp Apìey R>.(3.12)

4 Page: 4 spl$shf u by[â^dp A by[â^dp u op hp h^y iql$sipmu lp e R>. kp fpô²$ ¾$prs fps>l$p V$ Op Ophv$f Npd ks v$pkuæhz ApV$L$p V$dp smph JXy$ Dspfhp u L$pdNufu lp ^fpc Np ipmp V²$õV$ Üpfp kpsdp kdyl g p Ðkh fps>l$p V$ rs> p p kyârký^ r s ^ p d O p O p h v $ f M p s k s r i f p d Z u v $ p k u Æ h Z k p l b u S > Á e p N p i p m p V ² $ õ V $ A p e p Æ s k d õ s d ^ h p m k d p S > u b p h L$ÞepAp hps>s NpS>s ^pd^ d u sp.24 Nyê$hpf p fp S> g N u u Å X$pi. Ap g p Ðkhdp gp L$d mp a Cd L$gpL$pf, sygkuv$pk Np X$guep p sp u rhrh^ i gu Üpfp L$gp p L$pdZ p fi s p hv$ rs kymu v$p Ðe dpv $ fpl tq^u iycl$pd pap Mpk f BV$ b kï, îâ^ps>gu u Ål fps 5x2 L$p gd k.du. 250 êp qa¼k h^pfp p f L$p gd k.du. 80 QpS> fl i. 122,125, õ V $ p f Q ç b f, l q f l f Q p L $, Q p à g p V $, f p S > L $ p V $ ph ;saurashtrakranti@gmail.com Web: bph hv$ rs âcyspdp Ngp dpx$i pw$hi. Ap kdyl g p Ðkhdp kp^y ksp dl sp, AN ZuAp, v$pspap, v $ p r ^ L $ p f u A p ^ p f u i p c p d p Arch [Ý^ L$fi. sp.23du fpróa v$pkuæhz S>Áep Mps kshpzu p L$pe ¾$d ep Åi. Ap iyc âkn kam b phhp il f s p kdps> k hp p cpdpkp d ^ dpep dp h k hp V²$õV$ p â d y M S > e s u c p C u. f d p f ( h p m p ^ f u ) h p m p s p k r d r s p d çbfp ÆhZ kpl b p cl$sp Ap fps>l$p V$ fps> qfhpf fpår^fps> ÜpfL$p^ui p ApNZ DS>hi Ap v$p Ðkh s p. 2 1 p f p S > r h Ó f j p Ñ d d p k Z f k p Ñ d c N h p î u L $ ó Z R>à cp N, Apfsu, A aºg i Npf A Z L$fu fps> qfhpf úv$e p cphp hlphi y y w f p S > L $ p V $, s p. 1 4 f p S > L $ p V $ p W $ p L $ p f k p l b d p l f t k l Æ Å X $ Å A f p Z u k p l b p d p L $ d p f u v $ h u s p fps> qfhpf rhó fkp Ñd dpk cnhp îu ÜpfL$p^ui p QfZp dp i u i T L $ p h i v$ h Nfu ÜpfL$p dyl$pd sp.21 p fp S> khpf 10 L$gpL $ fps> qfhpf Ü p f p d l p f p Å r ^ f p S > c N h p î u Ü p f L $ p ^ u i a g i N p f A dlpapfsu Dspep bpv$ R>à cp N ^fi s ds> dqv$f qfkfdp b p f 1 L $ g p L $ â k p v $ y A p e p S > Z L$fhpdp Apìey R>. r h Ó f k p Ñ d d p k l p e A îuæa Ap gy îuæ kdr s L$fhp p cph kp fps> qfhpf Z yfjp Ñd cnhp îu L $óz p îu Q f Z p d p i u i T y L $ p h u f d s Ð h f Ð h ú v $ e p c p h p h l p h i. ( ) y y ^ pn^ p b ûkdps> Üpfp 23 kdylg kp bpml$p S> p B ^pfz L$fphpB ^ pn^ p, Ap v$uãe b ûkdps> Üpfp v$f hj kdylg y Apep S> L$fpe R> S > d p k p â d b û k d p S > Ü p f p ApS> u Quk L$ hj l gp bpml$p S> p B ^pfz L$fphhp y L$pe lp ^fpey lsy. A ApN hp p Üpfp kdyl g p Z Apep S> L$fpey lsy. S> dp Ap u L$$ fus dýed hn p b pûzp p sp p qv$l$fp-qv$l$fuap p g L$fphhp dpv$ A p } L $ c u k A c h R > s d p u kdps> p L $V$gpL$ fuhpfp Ry>V$L$pfp d m h s l s u R > p 2 3 h j u b û k d p S > Ü p f p k d y l g y Apep S> L$fhpdp Aph R> Ap hj L y $ g Ó Z q v $ L $ f p s p q v $ L $ f u A p A kdylg p Apep S> dp cpn gu^p lsp. Äepf b ûkdps> Üpfp kdyl g u k p Q u k h j u Q p g s p bpml$p u S> p B v$ hp y iyc L$pe Z lp ^ey lsy. ^ pn^ p Mps e gp k d y l g p A p e p S > d p Np ipmpap A Nf prgl$p só dp hsp cyëep! L $ip v$dp lx$l$pe e gu Npe L$X$hpdp Nf prgl$p s p Np ipmpap Üpfp Mp A psp õ pr L$p A L$X$u L $ip v$, k d N v $ i d p N p l Ð e p b ^ L $ f p p g M p Z p a p V $ p A p r h q X $ e p k p í e g d u X $ u e p d p d p V $ p â d p Z d p hpefg L$fhpdp Aph R> Z Äepf k p Q p k d e A p h Ð e p f N p d p s p âðe u gpnzu L $hu R>. s u ÅZ pe R>. L $ i p v $ p B [ Þ v $ f p N f rhõspfdp A L$ Npe lx$l$pe C lsu. S > L $ X $ h p õ p r L $ g p L $ p A Nf prgl$p p k L $ L$f g Ðep u L$p C â Ð e y Ñ f d m s p N p i p m p p Ü p f M V $ M V $ p ì e p Ä e p N p i p m p s f a u A hy S>Zphpey L $ Adpfu AX$fdp Ap rhõspf Aphsp u Aphp kde i y N p i p m p A p A r h õ s p f Å h p p C[Þv$fp Nf p õ pr L$ gp L$p A kss v$p X$su Npe fpel$p Nfdp u L$X$u Np dpsp âðe u afs> båhu Ðepf N f p r g L $ p s Ó A A L $ b u Æ N p i p m p A p A M p A p s u N p i p m p A p k p d õ p r L $ g p L $ p d p fp j Å hp dmu füp lsp.(3.10) b û k d p S > p A ì e r ¼ s A p A l p S > f u A p u p s p u e p i r ¼ s âdpz qv$l$fuap L$fuephf A Apiu hpv$ Apàep lsp.(3.8) âkn Qpf Qpv$ gnphi. dls i p d m v $ p k b p y s p d p s p î u ipfv$pdzu, rógp L$bp y Ap âkn ^pfhp r dóz pw$h g R>. kp^y ksp dlsp, AN ZuAp u v$pspap D [ õ r s d p s y g v $ u k p N p X $ g u e p v$pkuæhz Np ipmp V²$õV$ Üpfp ks k u f p d Z u v $ p k Æ h Z A h p X $ u h p S > h p d p A p h i. A p â k N v$u phhp Apep S>L$p sx$pdpf s epfu L$fhpdp Aphu flu R>.(2.5) fps>l$p V$: S>kv$Z spgyl$p p ApV$L$p V$ Npd L $gpi Nf rhõspfdp kfl$pf dlpðdp Np^u fpô²$ue bpl^ fu ep S> p (d f Np) y L$pd smph JXy$ Dspfhp y L$pd Qpgy L$fhp ApV$L$p V$ kf Q gugphsub s p v$ hiucpc Mp MX$uep, spgyl$p Qpes p D âdym r g icpc hu.d V$Nuep, D kf Q, Cgpb A.Å V$Nuep Npd:ApV$L$p V$ rhs>ecpc u.^dg, sgpv$u dóu spgyl$p Qpes d f Np rhcpndp s ÅZuA dygpl$ps gu^u. L$p W$pfuep L$p gp u p L$p V $ðf dlpv$ h dqv$f ir S>ers r rdñ ^prd L$$ A y $p L$p W$pfuep L$p gp u p kyârký^ L$p V $ðf dlpv$ h dqv$f AphsuL$pg i r S > e r s u D S > h Z u L $ f h p d p A p h i. i r d l p f p S > k h p f dnmp Apfsu, î Npf-v$i kps> k p d L $ p g d l p A p f s u L $ f h p d p Aphi. ir v$ h Þepe p v$ hsp R>. ir v$ ha kyfs>v$ h p âsp u yó R>. s d u dpsp y pd kyhz R>pep R>. d Ðey p v$ h edfps> s d p cpc R>. edy pæ s d p b R>. ir v$ h f u T h h p d N m h p f c p r h L $ p Ü p f p S>e S>e ir v$ h p pv$ NyÆ DW$i L$pmp AX$v$, dn, sg, ApL$X$p udpmp Np m s p L$pmp h v$p L$fhy Å CA. i r v $ h M u f A y f u p c p N ^fphhp Å CA. ir v$ h u p su S > d y ó l p e s p i r v $ h u D pk p L$fhp u fpls pe R>. ir v$ h d yóe fpå u fl$ fl$ p fpå b phu v$ R>. L$p V $ðf dlpv$ h dqv$f dnmhpf ir S>ers u d u s r h i j ^ p r d L $ A y $ p p e p Å i. S > e S > e i r v $ h p S>eOp j u L$p V $ðf dqv$f NyÆ DW$i ^ d â d u c p r h L $ p v $ i s d S > d l p A p f s u p g p c g h p L $ p V $ ð f dqv$f p Åfu R>N Nufu cpf u bp y Np õhpdua A yfp ^ L$ep R>. (2.7) Œkhk kuhðk k yìõðurhþ{{kt AuÕ kt 25 ð»koúke «Ëþo {kt {wfkœk þnuh k kiúke ð]ø fk[ƒk h V þmºkr Þk fhðk{kt ykðe nœe {kt fk[ƒk u ykt¾ Sf ktx ÚkE nkuðk wt r Ëk fhðk{kt ykôþwt nœwt. þmºkr Þk ƒkë fk[ƒk u ns ykuçíðuoþ nux hk¾ðk{kt ykðþu. fk[ƒk e {kðsœ fhe hnu k yìõðurhþ{ k f{o[kheyku fk[ƒk u { ku{ ux ðu q s fne hìkk nþu u?(8) ^ p gdp 17 gpm p MQ pzu u pc gpc : kpkv$ p lõs L$pd y MpsdylŸs ^ p g, ^ p g Nf prgl$p Üpfp il f p NÅ v$ kp kpev$u rhõspfdp fl sp gp L$p u kympl$pfu h^pfhp dpv$ kpkv$ y db dpx$d p lõs 17 gpm p MQ pzu u pc gpc y MpsdylŸs prgl$pdp cps> u bp X$u b ksp S> rhl$pkl$pep p ^d^dpv$ L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. A p â k N h d Ó u fp^hæcpc V$ g, h ^pfpkc¹e d O Æ c p B Q p h X $ p, ^ p g s p g y L $ p cps> âdym fps>cp ÅX $Å, prgl$p â d y M f Þ Ö t k l Q y X $ p k d p, i l f ^ pn^ p lpbh f Óu g Nd hpf AL$õdps: kv$ iub Å lp u V$mu ^ pn^ p, ^ p N ^ p l p B h f v $ f A L $ A W $ h p X $ u e p d p Ó Z A h p A ¼ d p s kå e R> L $ S> dp L$p L$p p sp p Æh Mp B b k R>. Ðepf ^ pn^ p-dpghz lpbh f p L $ V $ g p L $ p B Þ V $ A L $ õ d p s ks> pf R> S> u h^y X$sp AL$õdpsp Ap p BÞV$p f pe R> Ðepf NBL$pg khpf afu A L$ Nd hpf AL$õdps kå ep lsp. A p N d h p f Ó u g AL$õdps Å sp fplv$pfuap p úv$e L$ u DW$ép lsp. ApBkf, BL$p L$pf s p V²$ Bgf hãq e gp Óu g AL$õdpsdp kv$ iub L$p B Å lp u B lsu fsy ÓZ u Qpf S> V$gp ìer¼sap BŃ pdu lsu BL$p L$pf, ApBkf A V²$ Bgf hãq e gp AL$õdpsdp A L$buÅ pr>m hpl p Oyku S>s Óu g A L $ õ d p s k Å e p l s p. S > d p CÅN õsp kfl$pfu lp õ uv$g kpfhpf dpv$ Mk X$pep lsp. Å L $ Arl ap fgpb lpbh f Aph gp kua Æ p gu^ p p hpl p u Ahf-S>hf MybS> fl su l p e R >. A ^ p N ^ p u A p h s p hpl p p kpd u kpbx$dp Ap L $ip v$dp QL$gu p dpmp y L $ip v$, dpmuep lpv$u p spgyl$p p bp X$u Npd sygku bpn A k fu ^fphsp A kv$u p r h s L$d Qpfu A M Xy$s S> fpdcpc ^ pnx$ pq hj u sy bx$p y hph sf L$fu QL$gu p dpmp b phu l u a p l u y L $ i p u p ^ p f Z L $ip v$dp v$f hj QL$gu p dpmp y rhsfz L$f R> kp QL$gu bqph Arcep Z âp Ðkpl dm s hp l sy u sy bx$p y hph sf L$fu QL$gu p dpmp y rhsfz L$f R>.(3.11) lp hp u L $V$gpL$ hpl QpgL$p fp N kpbx$dp S> p sp y hpl Qgphsp lp hp u hmu V²$p g p dprgl$ Üpfp hãq y X$uhpBX$f Z sp X$u px$sp Alu AL$õdps p ce MybS> h^y âdpzdp f l g p R > S > u A p p B Þ V $ f AL$õdps hp y L$pfZ kua Æ dprgl$ A hpl QpgL$p u b v$fl$pfu S> NZphu il$pe R>.(3.7) rhsfz L$fpey bp X$u Npd p M Xy$s pq hj u sybx$p y hph sf L$fu QL$gu p dpmp b phu rhsfz L$f R> db dpx$d, prgl$p âdym f ÞÖtkl, fp^hæcpc V$ g krls p ApN hp p u D [õ rsdp rhl$pk L$pd p Apfc L$fpep cps> âdym dn cpc cp ÅZu, pzu krdrs p Q fd ks>etkl Å X $ Å, r l s j c p C c p Å Z u, Np rhv$cpc, syjpfcpb, rlf cpc L $ p V $ Q p, s d p d L $ p p f V $ f p, i l f p ApN hp p, cps> p lp Ø v$pfp A L $ p e L $ f p k l u s r h õ s p f h p k u A p b l p m u k e p d p D [ õ s f ü p lsp.(2.1)

5 Page: 5 rh fus qf[õ sudp MX$L$ u S> d AX$N flp, qf[õ su gv$psp hpf l] gpn kp fpô²$ ¾$prs px$p iu p Ópk u "CÃR>p d Ðey' u L$g L$V$f L$fpC fs >Aps p X $ p i u n Ó u e q f h p f p Ó p k u p. L $ r d ñ f p fs >Aps L$fhp R>sp Ngp g hpep lu: L$dg i Å ju il f p f ep^pf õgd L$hp dp fl sp L$dg i Å jua rs> p L$g L$V$f Aph v$ Ódp S>Zpìey R> L $ lº dsy>fu L$pd L$fu dpfp fuhpf p NyÅfp L$fy Ry>. dpfp px$p idp fl sp nóue fuhpfp Å hp Nuspbp d fycp ÅX $Å A ybp L$ L$k]l ÅX $Å bmycp Å X $ Å, A S y > k ] l d f y c p, frhfps>k]l S> hp dp pcpf Ckdp Adp MybS> l fp f ip L$f R> A A d p å g L $ d C g L $ f u d p f u pmhp u ^dl$uap Ap R> Adp A Ap AN knd p guk õv $i s ds> p guk L$rdñf afuepv$ L$f g R> R>sp Z L $ p C Z N g p g h p e g u Adp A V$gp Ópk pe R> L $ Adp Æhu il$sp u L $ dfæ il$sp u. Ap gp L$p Adp u Npd Mp V$u ll$ul$sp Mpcp p u mhp Nuf Npd d rs ârs $p dlp Ðkh k ß ApQpe îu fpl $iâkpv$æ p lõs h qv$l$ rhr^ kp DÐkh k ß Adf gu rs> p p dýe Nufdp Aph g u mhp Nuf Npd, yfpzu î u c q L $ s â L $ p i v $ p k Æ õ h p d u u â fzp, ip.dp^hrâev$pkæ õhpdu A y f p Z u b p g L $ ó Z v $ p k Æ õ h p d u u D [ õ r s d p, h X $ s p g u W $ p r ^ r s,. ^. ^ y, ApQpe îu fpl $iâkpv$æ dlpfps> p h f v $ l õ s h q v $ L $ r h r ^ k p d r s ârs $p k ß B lsu. L$ p v$fçep dlprhóïepn y A p e p S > L $ f h p d p A p ì e y l s y. AfZu p L$pô Oj Z L$fu Ar v$ h ânv$ L$fhpdp Apìep lsp. Ar v$ h y f p Z u b p g L $ ó Z v $ p k Æ õ h p d u A dõsl $ ^pfz L$fu hps>s NpS>s h v$ rhr^ u eo Ly $X$dp ^fphhpdp Apìep l s p. A p d l p Ð k h d p d l p f p S > î u ^pfsp Npd gp L$p A DdmL$pcpf d l p f p S > î u y õ h p N s L $ e y l s y. dlpfps>îua h v$p ¼s rhr^ u O íepd dlpfps> u âpz-ârs $p L$fu lsu. dlpfps>a DÐkh p es>dp p l k d y M c p B X $ i p m p, ^ Æ c p B v $ y ^ p s, d k y M c p B s d S > fip ÑdcpB X$ipmp s ds> ÅZusp NpeL$ rh p v$ V$ g lpf l fphu Api}hpv$ Apàep lsp. Npfuep^pf spgyl$p kfv$pf V$ g kp íeg N y p âdym u hfzu Npfuep^pf, âdym hp bv$g cfscpc Np V$u M Xy$s kdps> Adf gu rs> p âdym f i rhfpzu,l $s L$khpmp A cfs NS> fp sfa u Arc v$ pw$ìep. kfv$pf V$ g kp íeg N y Npfuep^pf dp R> p rhk hj u Npfuep^pf dp L$pe fs R> S> Ap Ap N y L$u rhk S> V$gp sp kd lg p Apep S> p L$fu iyl$ep R>,A A L$ å g X $ L $ ç, B p d r h s f Z, A Apfp Áe gnsp DL$pmp rhsfz S> hp L$pe ¾$dp Ap u Npfuep^pf spgyl$p u kss kdps>gnu rhqpf^pfp kp L$pd L$fsy fl gy N y R>. cfscpc Np V$u fplºg Np^u kn f i ^p pzu Adf gu p ^pfpkæe f i ^p pzua hu qv$ëlu Mps L$p N k n p fpô²ue AÂen fplºg Np^u kp iyc ÃR>p dygpl$ps gu^u lsu. Ap sl $ âv$ i L$p Nu âdym Ards QphX$p, fps>e L$p Nu âcpfu fpæh kpsh Z D [õ s flep lsp.(2.12) cfscpc Np V$u p âdym v$ hfzu hp u rdóp sfa u iyc ÃR>p hjp A r i n L $ y Ó R > A p s A L $ ApQpe u v$hu D f rbfps>dp R> A rinz S>Ns kp hjp u kl$mpe gp lp hp u Npfuep^pf dp A L$ AN Zu sful $ u R>p ^fph pf eyhp ApS> kfv$pf V$ g kp íeg N y p âdym v$ D f rbfps>dp C p s p u k h p L $ u e â h y r s d p A L $ dp fr fr> c mìey R>.(3.14) Adf gu NpeÓu iql$s uw$dp îu fzr>p X$v$pkÆ bp y Q fuv$ bg V²$õV$ Üpfp Óeo N p e Ó u i q L $ s u W $ Adf gu p îu fzr>p X$v$pkÆ bp y Q fuv$ bg lp [õ V$g fps>l$p V$ s îu bpgpæ l ydp dqv$f V$phf pk s p îu L$ôcS> l ydp Æ dqv$f d u f k p l b u N g u A d f g u p klep N u sp.16 by^hpf p fp S> k h p f p 9 : 3 0 u 1 f L $ g p L $ v $ f r d e p r h p d ë e Ó e o - ÓdZu (Ap f i u kyrh^p kp ) fpmhpdp Aph g R>. Ap Óeodp A p M p f p N y r v $ p L $ f u S>êqfepshpmp dp suep p Ap f i hpmp v$v$} îu fzr>p X$v$pkÆ bp y Q fuv$ bg lp [õ V$g fps>l$p V$ bkdp gc S>C Ap^yr L$ a L$p diu Üpfp V$pL$p hnf rh p d ëe Ap f i L$fu A p h p d p A p h i. r h p d ë e Ó d Z u Z b k p X $ u A p h p d p A p h i. v $ v $ } f l h p, S > d h p, Q p - pzu, rbõl$uv$ rh p d ëe Ap hpdp A p h i. A p f i e p b p v $ v $ v $ } L $ç p õ m fs dyl$hp u ìehõ p Z l p [ õ V $ g s f a u L $ f h p d p Aphi. Ap L $ç dp Qídp p bf L $ p Y $ u A p h p d p A p h s p u. Ap f i dpv$ S> pf v$v$}a p sp u A p m M d p V $ A p ^ p f L $ p X $ k p g p h h p y f l i. s p A p L $ ç d p v$v$}ap A cpn g hp NpeÓu qfhpf V ² $ k ¹ V $ N p e Ó u i q L $ s u W $, A d f g u s f a u A y f p ^ L $ f h p d p A p h R >. ( ) L$dg i Å ju p Ópk u õgd L$hpV $f p fluip A Z p guk fs >Aps L$fu lsu hpmu afuepv$p Ap u Adpfu kdps>dp Apbê$ bv$p gpn s hp L $Ðep L$f R> s u kpd L$p C L$pe hplu sp dpfu pry>v$l $ Ap Ap AfÆ Ap u R>. pdv$pf kyâud L$p V $ u NpCX$ gpc A ykpf dpzk Æhu il$sp l p e Ð e p f " C à R > p d Ð e y ' u d S y > f u Ap hp v$f L$ L$g L$V$f kpl b ksp Ap g R> A s p rhh L$ byý^u A ykpf dpfp luõkpdp s p lºl$d L$fu Ap p lº Ap d rh su L$fy Ry>. d Ap sfa u Apfp uap p Ópkdp u dyl$su A phhp dpv $ "CÃR>p d Ðey' u fdui Ap hpdp Aphi s hu lº Apip fpmu fl g Ry>. Ap Zp v$ idp v$f L$ pnful$ p sp u fus õhsó Æh Æhhp ll$l$v$pf s dp L$p C sfp dpfu il $ l] fsy Ap v$fbpf V$p ml$u d Æhhp v$ su lsu A AkpÝe fp N u Z cel$f ipfuful$ dp kul$ ux$p Ap sp lp e Adp "CÃR>p d Ðey' u fhp Nu Ap hp f ep^pf õgd L$hp..737dp fl sp L$dg icpc Å jua ApS> rs> p L$g L$V$f Aph v$ pw$hu fs >Aps L$fu lsu.(0.1) ^ p gdp NV$f p pzu Dcfpep ^ p g: ^ p gdp c Nc NV$f u L$pdNufu gc c ô$pqpf p Apfp gpáep R>. ANpD il f cps> âdym s pk u dpn Z L$fu R> Ðepf c Nc NV$f u L$pdNufudp gpggp g kpbus L$f s hy íe Å hp dþey R>. NCL$pg il f p Å X$uep p pl$p pk Aph g fpd Qp L$dp c Nc NV$f p pzu Dcfpsp du u smph kå ey lsy.(2.30) dp V$u p gu Npd ^prd L$ âkn e g BÅN õs A d sl$ qfhpf Apr L$ klpe Ap hp fsy>aps Æ p Qpes kv$õe bpgycpb rhtyx$p Üpfp dy edóu g rms fsy>aps L$fpB Æ p Qpes kv$õe bpgycpb rhtyx$p Üpfp dy edóu g rmsdp fsy>aps L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. S> dp s Ap A S>Zpìey lsy L $ D g V$p spgyl$p p dp V$u p gu Npddp Ns sp. 11 p fp S> L$p mu kdps> Üpfp fpdv$ h uf p dx$ y Apep S> L$fhpdp Aph g lsy. Ap ^pqd L$ âkndp Ns sp.12 p fp S> õsc Dspfsu hms ApL$[õdL$ fus ^fpieu se g S> dp Qpf gp L$p d Ð y pçep lsp. A b gp L$p BÅN õs e g. d Ð e y p d p f g p L $ p A BÅN õs gp L$p Nfub qf[õ sudp u y y y y A p h s p l p h u d e d Ó u fplsax$dp u Ap gp L$p il$e lp e s V$gy hl gpkf Apr L$ klpe Ap hpdp A p h s d b p g c p B r h T X $ p u A M b p f u e p v $ u d p S > Z p ì e lsy.(3.16) ap f-v² $L$ lpb-h f hpl u L $V$f]N dys>b r ed b phhp fsy>aps X$p.dyL $icpb MyV$ Üpfp dpn dl$p dóu fsy>aps L$fpB ap f-v² $L$ lpb-h f hpl u L $V$f]N dys>b V ²$L$dp Qgphhp dpv $ r ed b phhp bpbs X$p.dyL $icpb M y V $ Ü p f p d p N A d L $ p d Ó u g rms fsy>aps L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. S > d p s A p A S > Z p ì e y L $ N y S > f p s âhpk n Ó Av$cys yh ânrs sp buå fps>e p e V$L$p A rhv$ iu l gpzuap NyS>fpsdp rhrh^ âhpk n Ó dygpl$ps Np W$h R>. fsy Ap Zp ap f V ²$L lpbh f dp V$p hpl QpgL$p M b S> b v$fl$pfu v$pmh R> S> d L $ s Ap y hpl buå V ²$L$dp Qgphhy Å BA A p u NpX$u(L$pf) QpgL $ â d V ²$L$dp Qgphhy Å BA A hp L$X$L$ u e d A p s f a u p e A h y B à R > u e R >. Å s d p e s p N y S > f p s p l S y > e V $ L $ p h ^ h p u il$esp R>, A AL$õdps OV$u il $ R>. s d dyl $icpb u AMbpfu epv$udp S>Zpìey lsy.(3.15) d p p h fpbugdp f hþey õv $ç gnpx$hp fs >Aps fps>l$p V$ d.. p. p só Üpfp h fp hkygps s ds> A X$hpÞk h fp cfhpdp qx$õl$pdþv$ õl$ud Qpgy lp e S> dp gp L$p lp i lp i h fp cf pc L$fu Aphu õl$ud p gpc g sp lp e R> S> dp d p p só Üpfp ê.5,000 L $ s u h^y p rbg A hp QyL$hZp sp lp e R> S> dp dpó V$ ¼k b pq Üpfp S> f hþey õv$ ç gnpx$hpdp u Aphsu Apd, só u Aphu Ncuf c gp A Op f b v$fl$pfu kprbs pe R> A Ap A L$-b rbgdp lu fsy, Ak e bugp dp bþey R> A só u Op f b v$fl$pfu kprbs B R> A Ap L $Ðe d p p V $ ¼ k X $ u p V $ d Þ V $ Ü p f p ÅZuÅ C S> L$fhpdp Aph R>. R>u f hþey õv$ ç p rlkpbp fpmhp X $ y y ¹ y A fæõv$f p fpmhy X $ A V$gp d p V $ A p h L $ f h p d p A p h u f ü R > L$pfZL $, S> ìer¼s p õv$ap qak h fp c f A s d p d f u k u à V $ d p õ V $ ç dpfhpdp Aph R> A d.. p. u A p g u l p Q c r h ó e d p L $ p C L$pfZp kf N pll$ L$p V$ dp Åesp õv$ ç h N f u f u k u à V $ d p Þ e f p M h p d p A p h s u u A p u N p l L $ f ip uap h^u Åe A L$p V$ Z lp JQp L$fu v$ R> sp Aphu Ncuf k d õ e p A p p â i p s p Ð L $ p r g L $ r L$pg L$fhp Adpfu Ap kpl b d r h s u. A d p f u g p L $ p A L $ A ug Z R> L $ ê.5,000/- p L$p C h fprbg lp e s u fukuàv$ D f f h Þ e õ V $ ç A p N l f p M h p çey.l$rdñf fs >Aps L$fpC R>.(0.1) A yk^p l gp p p y Qpgy î u d r s i p s p b p d q X $ L $ g L $ p g S > Ü p f p Ap.Apf.A k. s p S> ÅN rs L $ç ep Åep Adf gu p ÅZusp DÛp N rs s p L $mhzul$pf hkscpc NS> fp Ü p f p r d p Z C f l g î u d r s ipspb lqfcpc NS> fp Q fuv$ bg V²$k¹V$ kyfs kqprgs îudrs ipspbp d qx$l$g L$p g S> s p S> fg rkrhg lp [õ V$g Üpfp ÅZusp sbub X$p. Æ.S>. NS> fp, lp [õ V$g hluhv$ue kqpgl$ uþvy$ ^p pzu u D [õ rsdp g gpnhp p ql$õkpdp L $d kph^ fl hy s p ANdQ su p L $hp Ngp g hp s AN A k.v$u. X $ p Mps S> ÅN rs Arcep kdpfp l s p Ap.Apf. A k. L $ç y Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey l s y. S > d p A k. V $ u. p r h c p N u e r epdl$, X$u.A d.c., dul $ ul$ ku. u. r Ó h v $ u, A d f u i v $ h, k y f i c p C Qp lpz, A.A. k ev$, X$p. fpw$p X$, rkrhg ks> L $s Å ju, sbubp krls rkrhg lp [õ V$g p L$d QpfuAp s p dp V$u k epdp gpcp }Ap A gpc gu^p lsp.(2.16) 2pS>L$p V$dp Åv$yN2 QyX$pkdp y rhop Å pa kþdp ¼ey op -rhop kp L$p iëe u L$gp Åv$yN2p dp lp e R>... rhop Å p Adv$phpv$, c p 2 s c 2 d p c p 2 s S > rhop Å p rs>ëgp-spgyl$p, N pçe rhõsp2p dp rhop âqp2-âkp2 kp A ^ î O p r d g u â h r Ñ A p v$pel$pap u L$2 R>. kdps>dp A L$ rhri $ ìer¼sap Sy>v$p Sy>v$p ÿp Ódp k hp A î $ L$pdNu2u L$2 R> s Ahk2 kde Å p kþdp L$2u rsl$ a2s> båh R> s p cpnê 2pS>L$p V$dp Ad2 gu rs>ëgp p v$pd N2 p hs u Åv$yN2 gpgycpc ccgycpc QyX$pkdp y r h i p m L $ g p â d u A p u l p S > 2 u d p blºdp L$2hpdp Apìey lsy. Åv$y L$gpdp d gurhûp L$p C õ p u. kdps> rhri $ ìer¼sap y Ahk2 kde kþdp L$2hy rsl$ a2s>... Q 2d X$ep Åv$yN2p A^î Op v$ 2 L$2hpdp tkl apmp Ap R> s u Å p GZ Av$p L$2 p2 y kþdp kdeps2 L$2 R> s p v$pmgp Ap hpdp Apìep lsp. Å p A Æ h N 2 p L$pe L$2p dp rh ycpc D pýepe, L$dg i h p R > p Z u, i g ó p c p C y Å 2 p, c y Þ c p C c Ë $, c y s c p C d l s p krls A L$ L$pe L$2p, 2luip A cpn gu^p lsp.(3.14) lh cpfsue k p dpv 15 låf L$fp X$ p lr epfp y i r dp Z$ rð tçklku hkufðklkku Au. MkwºkkuLkk sýkôþk {wsçk yk «kusuõx{kt 11 ¾kLkøke ftãklkeykulku Ãký òuzðk{kt ykðe Au. íku{s «kusuõxlke Ëu¾hu¾ hûkk {tºkk Þ ylku MkuLkkLkk ðrhc yräfkheyku îkhk fhðk{kt ykðþu. íku{s yk «kusuõxúke rðëuþ{ktúke ykþkíkk Úkíkk nrúkþkhkulkw «{ký Ãký ½xkze þfkþu. MkwºkkuLkk sýkôþk {wsçk yk «kusuõx ytíkøkoík hkufuxtmk ylku kulk[h, yuh rzvulmk rmkmx{, ykšx he çktëwf ylku ÞwØ {kxulkk syhe ðknlkku çklkkððk{kt ykðþu. Ãknu k íkçk k çkkë «kusuõx nux «kuzõþlk xkøkuoxlke Mk{eûkk fhðk{kt ykðþu. nrúkþkhkulkk rlk{koýlkk yk «kusuõxlku AuÕ k ½ýk ð»kkuo{kt MkkiÚke {kuxku «kusufx {klkðk{kt ykðe hìkku Au. [elk îkhk ÃkkuíkkLkk MkiLÞ ¾[o{kt ðäkhku fhkþk çkkë ¼khíkeÞ MkiLÞLku Ãký ðäw {sçkwík çklkkððklke syheþkík ylkw¼ðke hne níke. yk WÃkhktík MkiLÞ «{w¾ slkh rçkãkelk hkðík Ãký ¼khíkeÞ MkuLkk{kt nrúkþkhkulke íktøkelke ðkík ònuhf{kt fhe [wõþk Au. L$Zp V$L$dp dsv$p yz sp S> V²$p g-qx$tg p cphdp cx$l$p ßÞkhu rzí Lkk ¼kð ðäelku YrÃkÞk «rík exh ÚkE øke Au. íkus heíku hksfkux{kt ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ylku rzí Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh Ãkh ÃknkUåÞk Au. ðzkuëhk{kt ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ylku rzí Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh Ãkh ÃknkUåÞk Au. Mkwhík{kt ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ylku rzí Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh Ãkh ÃknkUåÞk Au. rëõne{kt ÃkuxÙku Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ylku rzí Lkk ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ÚkÞk Au. Ëuþ{kt MkkiÚke ðäw ¼kð {wtçke{kt Au. ßÞkt ÃkxÙku Lkku ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh Ãkh ÃknkUåÞku Au. ßÞkhu rzí Lkku ¼kð YrÃkÞk «rík exh ÚkÞku Au. ÃkuxÙku -rzí Lkk ¼kð{kt yksu ÚkÞu ðäkhklku fýkoxf{kt {íkëklk Ãkwýo ÚkðkLke ½xLkk MkkÚku òuzelku òuðk{kt ykðe hìkw Au. fýkoxflke [wtxýe Ëhr{ÞkLk ynuðk Mkk{u ykôþk níkk fu MkhfkhLkk Eþkhk Ãkh ykue ftãklkeykuyu ÃkuxÙku -rzí {kt ¼kð ðäkhku yxfkðe ËeÄku níkku. Ãkhtíkw {íkëklk Ãkwýo ÚkíkkLke MkkÚku s Vhe yufðkh ðäkhku þy fhe Ëuðk{kt ykôþku Au. íku{s ykøkk{e rëðmkku{kt Ãký yk ðäkhku òhe hnu íkuðe þõþíkk Au. ykøkk{e rëðmkku{kt ÃkuxÙku ylku rzí {kt «rík exh [khúke Ãkkt[ YrÃkÞk MkwÄeLkku ðäkhku ÚkE þfu Au. sp ap -hfkpv$ u 58 p dp s, 6 fpäep dp A gv $ S>çdy L$píduf, rldpqg âv$ i, DÑfpMX$dp s S> lhp u kp Ap^u A hpv$mp NfS>hp u Q shzu A pc R>. Ap D fps ql$gp duv$f u L$gpL $ h azl$pe il $ R>. Åb, lqfepzp, Qv$uNY$, qv$ëlu, DÑfâv$ i, [íqd bnpm, TpfMX$, Apkpd, d Opge, pnpg ÞX$, drz yf, rdtp fd, ró yfp, s gnp p, fpegkudp, v$rnz L$Zp V$L$ p ApsqfL$ rhõspfp, sprdg pxy$ A yíº$q fudp s S> lhp u kp Ap^u u Q shzu A pc R>. Ap qfõkp p v$ fv$ f p rhõspfp dp cpf hfkpv$ y A gv$ A pey R>. sp fps>õ p p A L$ rhõspfp dp ^ m y sp ap Aphu il $ R>. v$rnz L$Zp V$L$ p ApsqfL$ rhõspfp dp s S> lhpap u kp Ap^u y A gv$ A pey R>. sp fps>õ p A rhv$c p L $V$gpL$ rhõspfp dp g f ip L$fi. Ap l gp lhpdp rhcpn L$üy lsy L $ h õv$ qx$õv$bþk p Akf u DÑfpMX$, S>çdy L$píduf A rldpqg âv$ i krls cpfs p A L$ fpäep dp Ap^u-sp ap p Msfp R>. lhpdp rhcpn 70 ql$gp duv$f ârs L$gpL $ sp ap Aphi s hu Q shzu Ål f L$fu R>. 37 Of yl$kp ey lsy. Ap^ âv$ idp hus>mu X$hp u 9 gp L$p p dp s, s gnp pdp Z 3 p dp s ep R>. [íqd bnpmdp hus>mu X$hp u 4 bpml$p krls 12 gp L$p A Æh Nydpìep lsp. Ap D fps qv$ëludp 189 TpX$, 40 pcgp A 31 v$uhpg X$sp v$ O V$ pdp 2 gp L$p p dp s ep p u,kdpqpf dmu füp R> NyS>fpspdp Z ir hpf kps> fps>l$p V$ p dp V$u p gudp ^prd L$ L$pe ¾$ddp v$ O V$ p kå sp 4 gp L$p p dp s ep lsp. cpf h azl$phhp L$pfZ C[Þv$fp Np^u CÞV$f i g A f p V$ u 70 ãgpcv$ S>e yf, Ad skf, gm D X$pehV$ L$fpC R>. S> dp u 9 ãgpcv$ gm Ddp CdfS> ¹ku g [ÞX$N L$fpey R>. kp S> qv$ëludp 24 ãgpcv$ dp X$u DX$u R>. TpX$ X$hp u A hus>mu u kàgpc W$ hp u dpn A f g V²$pqaL$ âcprhs ep R>. qv$ëlu, dyfpv$pbpv$, NprTepbpv$dp 12 u h^y V²$ L$gpL$p ky^u akpe gu flu. qv$ëludp frhhpf kps> 5 hpáep bpv$ gncn 2 L$gpL$ d V²$p k hpap b^ flu lsu. qv$ëlu, rldpqgâv$ i, DÑfpMX$, lqfepzp, Åb A DÑfâv$ i p A L$ rhõspfp dp frhhpf kps> sp ap R>u e gp hfkpv$ L$pfZ gp L$p Nfdudp u fpls dmu lsu. qv$ëludp b p f 39.6 qx$n u sp dp lsy S> hfkpv$ p L$pfZ dpó AX$^p L$gpL$dp S> pfp 14 qx$n u OV$u 25 qx$n u k. ky^u lp Qu Ney lsy. bnpmdp cx$l$p : QyV$Zu tlkpdp 6 p dp s, 30 Opeg yk WÃkhktík fw[rçknkhlkk çkwúk Lktçkh 8/12{kt Ãkku emklke Mkk{u s {{íkk MkhfkhLkk {tºke hçkelÿlkkúk ½ku»ku yuf ¼ksÃk Mk{ÚkofLku ÚkÃÃkz {khe ËeÄe níke. yux w s Lkne íþkt nksh ½ku»kLkk Mk{Úkofkuyu ¼ez ylku Ãkku emku { elku MkwSík fw{kh ËkMk Lkk{Lkk yuf ¼ksÃk Mk{ÚkofLku {ík ykãkðk ËeÄw Lk níkw. yk ½xLkkLkku rðzeþk Mkk{u ykôþk çkkë ½ku»k Ãkh Mkðk WXe hìkk Au. ½ku»k ynª {ík ykãkðk {kxu økþk Lk níkk fu{ fu íkuyku yk rðmíkkhlkk hnuðkþe Ãký LkÚke. suúke íku{lke íþkt nkshelku ELku Ãký Mkðk WXe hìkk Au. íku{s ¼ktøkh SÕ k{kt Ãký nªmkklkk ynuðk Mkk{u ykôþk níkk. ynª r{zeþklku rlkþklk çklkkððk{kt ykôþw níkw.

6 Page: 6 A^pfp u p X$fp, spfp ld ip A^pfpdp S> QdL $ R>. kp fpô²$ ¾$prs ""Tê$Mp '' ApS> p kdedp kpdpþe dpzk u [õ su Ap S> kde R> s [õ f fl hy Ndsy S> u A A V$g S> kde D f L$epf e L$pV$ u gpnsp, Z kde D f Ýep p Ap pfp L$V$pC S>sp lp e R>. L$V$pC S>hp L$fsp OkpC S>hy kpê$ A buå dpv $ Okphy s sp kp u kpê$, Arcdp u bqu p sp y L$s ìe kdæ L$pd L$fhy Å CA. d Ap L$e y s L$e y L$l hp u L$pd u Nqfdp TpMu X$u Åe R>. p sp p p sp p L$pep u hmpz L$fhp u s y dyëe OV$u Åe R>. Apd sd sdpfu Ås iy dp p R>p s ANÐe y u, gp L$p sdpfp hui iy dp R> A ANÐe y R>. Ap Z kp A aºg u S> d Æhhy Å CA aºg kp p sp u M íby Ap R> Z R>sy u L $ dpfu kyn^ L $hu gpnu? aºg pk n ps u. Nfub, Aduf, eyhp, h Ý^ b^p s A L$kfMu S> kyn^ âkfph R>. Ap L$l hpe kdp sp y L$pe ^ hp gp L$p u A L$ gpnrzl$sp lp e R> s d S> Å Csy lp e s p sp y b^p L$fsp L$CL$ AgN Å CA, S> dl $ A d p bngp L$pf b^ys>, Af ipmp L$p g Å Z AgN S> Å CA A ipmp L$p g Å dp JQu au X$p i â p iê$ L$fu rinl$ dp Oy L$e y A V$g A d p ksp p kpdpþe dpzk p ksp p Å X $ b ku il $ lu! Aphp S> gp L$p v$f kp ê$r ep u gc pq låf ê$r ep ky^u u pmu dp Ou lp V$gp dp Mpsp lp e R>. S>epf Nfub qfhpf Mpk f BV$ iyc ÃR>p, rhv$ ind, S>Þdqv$hk iyc ÃR>p 5x2 k.du.250 qa¼k h^pfp p L$p gd f k.du. 100 ê$p QpS> fl i. 122,125, õ V $ p f Q ç b f, l q f l f Q p L $, Q p à g p V $, f p S > L $ p V $ ph ;saurashtrakranti@gmail.com Web: ÅN rs v$h rdîp (bfp X$p) ApMp hj y A ps> pq låf ê$r epdp cfpc Åe R>. Apd Ap Z A Ap Zp AN ZuAp kdp sp rhi cpjzp L$fsp fl R> A âådp rhcpnp rhõspfsp S> Åe R>. Apd Ap b^ps> p s p sp p hpx$pap fq R> A Ap S> hpx$pb^uap dp Æh R>. ìehkprel$ n Ó Z v$f L$ L$pfp bpfudp JQ uq p c v$ lp e R>. fsy L$gp n Ó pnfsp Ap c v$ p X$p hpqpm lp hp u S>gv$u u blpf X$u S>sp lp e R>. kpdpþe dpzk p ksp p kpfu L$p g S>dp p czu il $, kpfu f õv$p fþv$dp p S>du il $. A Å L$p C iyc âkn lp e sp L $V$fu p L $ qv$ ul$p sp W$uL$ fpmu kphs Z Qphu il $ lu? sp iy L$fhp y? îudsp A kõsu lp V$gdp S>C gp L$p Å X $ b ku S>dhp y? A d p ksp p õv $V$k âdpz u ipmp L $ L$p g S>dp czhp lu dp L$ghp p? p sp p ksp p p gá p iyc âkn qaëd A L$V² $k p X$pk lu ep S>hp p? ip dpv $ Ap b^y lu L$fhp y? A ^ hp R> A V$gp dpv $? ^ hp hy s L$p C Ny p R> A kp pó R> kp MQ} il $ R>. s dp kpdpþe dpzk ip hp^p lp e? kpdpþe dpzkp A qaëd A L$V² $i Qphhp p õhà p R>p X$u v$ hp Å CA. A d i sp A gp îuds u îudspc M Qi lu? kymu hy lp e sp L $V$gpL$ õhà p S>sp L$fhp X $ L$pfZ L $ kpdpþe dpzk kpdpþe R>. A kdp sp p AcfMp p fmpea b^ya gp L$p R>p X$u S> b W$p R> A d sp îudspc u bfp bfu L$fhu S> u. kdp sp u Z S>ê$f u. Z fp Æfp V$u u S>ê$f sp Mfu! dpzk sful $ Æhhp p s ll$ rl? A dpv $ Ap Zp só pk L$p C S> ìehõ p R> Mfu? dpzk spfp kp v$e p A yhpv$ R> Cðf dpzk spfp lp hp Zp u v$pv$ R> Cðf! eyhp cps> Üp2p kys>gpd- kyagpd S>mkQe A r c e p A s N s S > S > p N s u 2 g u e p S > p C cps> p k2l$p2 Üp2p kdn N y S > 2 p s c 2 d p k y S > g p d - k y a g p d S>mkQe Arcep p p2c L$2 g R> s AsN s il 2 cps> dym L$dg i rd2pzu p dpn v$i l W$m il 2 eyhp cps> dym v$u X$h, d l p d Ó u Õ h u r k l h p m p, 2 i u m u e p u A p N h p u d p A NyS>2ps v$ i dym X$p. GÐhuS> V $ g, L $ d g i r d 2 p Z u, r s u cp2ýhps>, AS>gub ê pzu, X$p. S> d D pýepe, lg iyl$g, v$ hpn d p L $ X $, a p ë N y c p C D p Ý e p e, X $ p. v$i}spb ipl, ^p2pkæe gpmpcpc k p N W $ u e p, y ó L $ 2 V $ g, r h L $ d ys>p2p, Np sd Np õhpdu, ksuóp i]npmp u D [õ rsdp rh^p kcp- 69 p rhõsp2p dp kys>gpd-kyagpd ep S> p S> S>pN su 2 gu ep S>pC lsu. Ap S> S>pN su 2 gu y õ p il 2 c p S > d y M L $ d g i r d 2 p Z u A L$2pìey lsy. Ap 2 gu p p2c k2v$p2 hëgccpc V$ g u rsdp Mps u C rs>ëgp Qpes Qp L$, epoul$ 2p X$, k2v$p2 N2 d C 2p X$, A õv²$p Qp L$, Adu dpn, L$p V$ Qp Qp L$, ey uhk}v$u 2p X$, ApL$pihpZu Qp L$, yól$2^pd d C 2p X$ C Qv$ i M2 ApTpv$ u rsdp Mps kdp ep lsp. Ap sl $ L$dg i rd2pzu s ds> qv$ X$hA S>Zpìey lsy L $ 2pS>e k2l$p2 Ýhp2p lp ^2pe gp 2pS>eìep u kys>gpd kyagpd S>m Arcep NyS>2ps u S > s p A Z d p h u e A r c N d kp y S> rlsgÿpu Ngy NZpìey R>.Ap S>m kqe Arcep dp Ðep2 i l 2 u S > p A p d p h u e L $ p e d p klcpnu b hp A y2p ^ ¼ep lsp. Ap sl $ NyS>2ps v$ i cps> eyhp dp 2Qp p dym X$p. GÐhuS> V$ g S>Zpìey lsy L $ ApNpdu qv$hkp dp i l 2 u S > p p Z u p b Q p h L $ 2 u kll$p2 Ap A ApNpdu qv$hkp dp 2 p S > e k 2 L $ p 2 p A p S > m k Q e A r c e p u p Z u u d y í L $ g u p AÐep2 u S> As gph A pzu u ql»$ds AÐep2 u kds> Ðep2 pzu u 2ÿpp A v$ i u ky2ÿpp R> A eyhp dp 2Qp Ýhp2p Ap S> S>pN su 2 gu Ýhp2p il 2uS> p dp S>pN su a gpe A S>ê2u R>. Ap S> S>pN su 2 gu eyhp dp 2Qp dym v$u X$h, dlpdóu Õhurkl hpmp, 2 i u muep u p s Ðhdp Adus bp 2uQp, lus i d p ê, k s u ó p N d p 2 p, k h ï h 2 Qp lpz, Ly$gv$u rkl S>pX $S>p, ìep d ìepk, p 2pS>rkl Qp lpz, yh i cv $, L$ui V$ughp, lu2 2phg, A p v $ S > p h u e p, d u s d l s p, 2 h u X $ p N 2, k y u g d p L $ p k Z p, S > e i gpw$uep, us i p V$, ASy> W$pLy$2, ky ug Np l g, S>e2pS>rkl S>pX $S>p, s ds> hp X $ u eyhp cps> u V$ud kam b phhp S>l ds DW$phu lsu. AphsuL$pg L$gL$ ^pd Mps cìe gp L$X$pefp kdõs lqf f ( pm) Npd, S>efpdv$ h fpdpdx$m, bpbpfu Q fu.v²$õv$ p key¼s D ¾$d ep Å pf gp L$X$pefpdp, Aë pb V$ g, MudÆcpC cfhpx$, cs> u fdtv$ L $ p g p h X $ f p X $, L $ p õ ç p à g n rk dp u ApNm dp V$ g ^ rhg S> u kpd lfu f( pm) Npddp Aph g S>e L$gL$ ^pd Mps AphsuL$pg S>e f p d v $ h f p d p d X $ m f p S > L $ p V $ Ü p f p Apep Æs S>e bpbpfu Q fuv$ bg V ² $ k ¹ V $ f p S > L $ p V $ s d S > k d õ s lfu f( pm) Npd p klep N u S>e L$gL$ ^pd dqv$f p gpcp cìe gp L$X$pefp y Apep S> L$fhpdp A p h g y R >. A p g p L $ X $ p e f p d p Aë pb V$ g, s ds> MudÆcpC cfhpx$ S> hp kyâkuù lpõe L$gpL$pf l p õ e u f d T V $ b p g p h i s d S > fpdv$ h uf y kdp^u õ m (fpdv$ hfp f Ï Å ) f p S > õ p d p f h p X $ u f p d v $ h u f p h i S > s d S > Ð e p p Npv$u su A hp fpd cp dk]n shf Adf gu A g.ku.bu. p guk BÞk.dm gu bpsdu p Ap^pf hpmu S>ÁepA f BX$ L$fsp hpx$ua L$pf kp Ly$gv$u d fpdcpb ^p^g, fl.l$pnv$x$u hpmp lps>f lp e S> p guk Å B pku Ne g A L$pfdp b Bkdp b k g l p e s d p p d S > e v $ u rh¾$dcpb ^p^g, fl.l$pnv$x$u s p N g p c p B p Æ c p B S > M h p X $ u e p, f l. h p O p f p, ^ p f u h p m p l p h p y dy e dl dp sful $ ^pfi s ds> s qv$hk fpdv$ h uf p pv$ p v$i A fpdv$ h uf p R>à cp N v$i y Z Apep S> L$fhpdp Aph gy R>. fpdv$ h uf p pv$ p v$i A f p d v $ h u f p R > à c p N v$i p kde khpf 10 hpáep u fpóu p 12 hpáep ky^u p fpmhpdp A p h g R > s d S > k p S > 6 h p Á e dlpâkpv$ fpm g R>. Ðepf bpv$ fpó 8 L$gpL $ ApdrÓs dl dp p y kþdp L$fhpdp Aphi A Ðepf bpv$ fpó 9 hpáe gp L$X$pefp u i{hps pi Ap S>e L$gL$ ^pd Apif kpx$p Qpf u p Q L $ f p X $ p M Q S > e f p d v $ h fpdpdx$m fps>l$p V$ p sp p õh MQ v$f i uhpf s ds> dnmhpf fpdpdx$m fdu fdu Ap S>e L$gL$ ^pd dqv$f b ph g R> s ds> Ap dqv$f y lh L $ip v$ p dpz L$hpX$p Npddp fõsp p L$pdp DL $gpep L $ip v$, L $ip v$ p dpz L$hpX$p Npddp R> p OZp kde u fp X$ kõsp A õv²$uv$ gpcv$ p Npd gp L$p p âî lsp Npd gp L$p u A L$ hms fsy>hps L$fhp R>sp âî p r L$pg sp kf Q cumycpc kp pfp Öpfp fsy>hps p v$p f Qpgy L$fsp A kss d l s u fp X$ fõsp hf ågp L$ p L$pd iê$ L$fhp Apìey R> A Vy$L$ kdedp S> Npd dp õv²$uv$ gpcv$ s ds> AÞe p p dp V$p âî y r fpzl$ L$fu L$pd iê$ L$fpi A hu Mpsfu Ap u lsu. a¼s agp f]n L$pd s ds> âpzârs $p dlp Ðkh y S> L$pe bpl$u R> sp Ap gp L$X$pefp dp u dm gy v$p L$gL$ ^pd dqv$f dp hp fhpdp Aphi. Ap L$pe ¾$ddp dy e Ars u s f u L $ L $ b u V $ d Ó u S > e i c p C f p v $ X $ u e p, f p S > L $ p V $ k k v $ k æ e d p l c p C L y $ X $ p f u e p, f p S > L $ p V $ ^pfpkc¹e Afthv$cpC f epzu, V$L$pfp X$^fu ^pfpkc¹e grgscpc L$N fp, N p d ¹ e ^ p f p k c ¹ e g p M p c p C kpnw$uep, fps>l$p V$ ^pfpkc¹e Np thv$ V $ g, Æ p â d y M X $ u. L $. k M u e p, c p y b b p b f u e p ( d p Æ. ^pfpkc¹e) h Æ p Qpes âdym, X$pepcpC u muep, Æ p dlpdóu cp ycpc dl sp, gp ^ul$p sp. ko hpck Q fd d kymcpc kf^pfp S > e f p d v $ h f p d p d X $ m f p S > L $ p V $ Ü p f p A p e p Æ s S > e b p b p f u Q fuv$ bg V²$õV$ fps>l$p V$ s ds> kdõs lfu f Npd p klep N u S>e L$gL$ ^pd dqv$f p gpcp cìe gp L$X$pefp y Apep S> AphsuL$pg L$fhpdp Apìey R>. Ap âkn AsN s fps> icpc i]npmp, rh ygcpb Qp hv$uep, S> ÞsucpC sf v$p A d ycpc AfS>ZcpC fpw$p X$ krls p ApN hp p kp fpô² ¾$prs u iyc ÃR>p dygpl$ps rg^u lsu. A Ap L$pe ¾$d rhi rhõs s dprlsu Ap u lsu.(3.13) s d S > i l f â d y M B Þ Ö u g c p C f p S > e N y ê k r l s A L $ A N Z u A p D [õ s fl i. S>e fpdv$ h fpdpdx$m S>e bpbpfu Q fuv$ bg V²$k¹V$ s ds> kdõs lfu f ( pm) Npd s f a u ^ d â d u Å l f S > s p f p d v $ h u f p p V $ p v $ i p, fpdv$ h uf p R>à cp N v$i p gpc g hp s ds> dlp âkpv$ g hp s ds> gp L$X$pefp u dp S> dpzhp Å l f S > s p c p h c e y A p d Ó Z A pey R>.s d S>e bpbpfu V²$k¹V$ u epv$udp S>Zphpey R>. r h f N f d p i W $ l p C õ L $ g d p c s h rhûp }Ap A rinl$p y õ lrdg ep Åey 25 hj bpv$ rhûp }Ap A Nyê$S> p p d mp sp Ap v$ u gl fl$u R>hpC S>kv$Z, rhf Nfdp rhfqv$ p pqv$ i W$ lpcõl $gdp c s h rhûp }Ap A rinl$p y õ lrdg ep S>hpdp A p ì e y l s y. A p L $ p e ¾ $ d d p c p f s c f d p u S y > v $ p S y > v $ p õ m p A bnkfp spgyl$p p L$pNv$X$u Npd u HÁgui v$pê p S>Õ p L$X$u px$su Adf gu A g.ku.bu. ÅZhp dm g A L$pfdp Q L$ L$fsp X L$udp u HÁgui v$pê u bp V$g N- 12, ql»$.ê.4200/- u dmu Aph g s ds> hpx$ua s pk L$fsp hpx$ua Aph g Ap fx$u u pr>m p cpn u Z H Á g u i v $ p ê u b p V $ g N - 8 ql»$.ê.2800 u dmu Aphsp HÁgui v $ p ê u L y $ g b p V $ g N - 2 0, q L» $. ê s p. Æ. S >. 01.bu u.8196 ql»$ds ê.50,000 dmu Ly$g ql»$.ê.57,000 p dyøpdpg L$bS> L$fu L$X$pe g b Bkdp rhê^¹^ â p r l b u i ^ p f p s m ^ p f Z k f L$pe hplu L$fu bnkfp p rgk lhpg L$f g R>. A pku Ne g Apfp u Ly$gv$u d fpdcpb ^p^g, fl.l$pnv$x$u h p m p L $ X $ u p X $ h p p g u k Q ¾ $ p Nrsdp L$f g R>. (0.1) i l 2 c p S > b ÿ p u Q Ü p 2 p k s î u k d l p 2 p S > u S>ÞdS>esu AsN s ul$m gu ip cpepóp y cìe õhpns i l 2 c p S > d y M L $ d g i r d 2 p Z u, i l 2 c p S > b ÿ p u Q d p 2 Q p p d y M r g i S > g y p d p N v $ i l W $ m c p S > b ÿ p u Q d p 2 Q p Ü p 2 p i l 2 p g ÿ d u N 2 d C 2 p X $ M p s ÿ p p 2 L $ d ^ ^ p v $ p 2 k r d r s ( h p Z v $ k d p S > ) p k s î u k d l p 2 p S > u d u S > Þ d S > e s u A s N s u L $ m g i p c p e p Ó p y c ì e õ h p N s L $ 2 h p d p A p ì e y l s y. A p s L $ c p S > b ÿ p u Q d p 2 Q p p d l p d Ó u k p d c p C c p g u e p, g g u s h p X $ p g u e p, A 2 h ] v $ c p C k p g L $ u, b p b y c p C l 2 k p X $ p, S >. u. ^ p d Q p, c 2 s L y $ b p h s, 2 h S > u c p C Q p h X $ p, d p S > X $ p X $ u e p, 2 i S > p s u, h u y g d p M g p, 2 d i c p C S > p v $ h, r s u S > 2 u e p, k S > e h p O g p, g ÿ d Z c p C r i e p m, r h i p g 2 d p 2, 2 Þ v $ d ¼ h p Z p, p L$fu L$fsp s ds> ìehkpe L$fsp A L$ rhûp }Ap p sp u i nrzl$ k õ p p s p u â N s u L $ p e v $ n s p Ap gu kõ p NZu FZ QyL$hhp dpv$ DdV$u X$ép lsp. Ap L$pe ¾$ddp L$píduf kflv$, ey u, bfp X$p, cys>, dlpfpô² krls u Sy>v$uSy>v$u S>ÁepA h k s p r h Û p } A p l p B õ L $ g M p s D d V $ u X $ é p l s p A p s p p NyfyS> p y ipg Ap Y$pX$u kþdp L$ey lsy. A p s L $ i p m p p c s h r h Û p } A p A p s p p N y f y S > p p ¼gpk Z cep lsp. 25 hj R>u r h Û p } c p C A p - b l p s d S > NyfyS> p c Np sp A L$ A fp Ap v$ R>hpep lsp. A L$ gp L$p u ApMp dp u lj p Apky Z R>gL$pC Nep lsp. s d p d N y f y S > p A r h Û p } A p A p sp p Sy> p kõdfzp hpnp þep lsp. Ap L$pe ¾$ddp âp rdl$ ipmp u gc D à Q s f d p Ý e r d L $ i p m p p s d p d c s h NyfyS> p A rhûp }Ap A p sp u ânsu dpv$ Ap ipmp p î $ apmp lp hp y S>Zpìey lsy. p L$X$p A hp rhf Nf Npddp ÅZ L $ h rhûp } cpcap -bl p p d mphx$p Åçep lp e s hp dplp g Å hp dþep lsp. Ap sl $ ipmp p rhl$pk dpv$ h rhûp } fd icpc h L$fuep Üpfp ê.25 låf p Q L$ ipmp A Z L$fhpdp Apìep lsp. Ap kõ p p õ p L$ rhfqv$ p pqv$ i W$ A Äe õ h p d u r i h p v $ e p v $ L $ f u s d p d g p L $ p u A p M p c ] Å C N C lsu.(2.22) BÁgui v$pê$ p S>Õ p y L$V]$N L$fsp Bkd TX$ u px$su fps>l$p V$ il f ¾$pBd b pþq fps>l$p V$ sp:14 i l f p p g u k L $ r d í f A y dtkl Nlgp s keyl$s p guk ^ d i X $ p X $ u e p, N u 2 u i c p C, k S > e 2 p W $ p X $, r d g N y S > 2 p s u k l u s p b l p m u k e p d p D [ õ s 2 l e p l s p. y ² y L$rdí f X$u.A k.cv$v$ A.ku. u ¾ $ p B d S > e v $ u t k l k f h e p A â p l u b u i A N A k f L $ p f L $ s p L$pdNufu L$fhp kyq p Ap g s ds> p.bþk A Q.A d.ny$hu dpn v$i l W $ m X $ u. k u. b u. p. õ V $. p p. k b. B Þ k. L $. L $. Å X $ Å, p. l X $. L $ p Þ k r k  ^ f p S > t k l Q X $ p k d p, p. l X $. L $ p Þ k f p S > i c p B b p m p, p. L $ p Þ k r k  ^ f p S > t k l ÅX $Å, p.l$p Þk foyrhftkl hpmp, p. L $ p Þ k. r h f v $ h t k l Å X $ Å, p. L $ p Þ k. X $ p e p c p B b p h m u e p h N f p A p V $ p g ] N d p l s p, s v $ f ç e p k p p p. l X $ L $ p Þ k f p S > i c p B b p m p, p. L $ p Þ k f O r h f t k l h p m p p. L $ p Þ k r k  ^ f p S > t k l Å X $ Å Q p L $ L $ k b p s d u l q L $ L $ s d m g L $ d p ^ p f Q p L $ X $ u u d p f b u f p X $ D f b p X $ g N p h g R > Ð e p v $ u L $ p W $ A p h g y y y M sfdp BÁgui v$pê$ y L$V$]N Qpgy R>. S > u f B X $ L $ f s p A p f p u B d f p N g p L $ c p B b g u Å s dyõgud(d.h.33) ^^p HX$p u f L$X$u fl. S>Ng íhf V $g kp kpev$u i fu. 4 A p k u a A p v $ d c p B k d p p dl$p dp fps>l$p V$ L$X$u px$u s u pk u HÁgui v$pê$ y L$V$]N L$fsp HÁgui v$pê$ u AgN AgN b pþx$ u Ly$g bp V$g N-3420 S> u Ly$g ê$.10,26,00 dl ÞÖ bp g fp S> u ql$.ê$., 0,000 dpê$su L$ç u BL$p NpX$u ql$.ê$.25,000 l u f p l p Þ X $ p õ ë X $ f à g k ql$.ê$.25,000 lufp lp ÞX$p õ ëx$f àgk S> u ql$.ê$.25,000 A L$V$uhp d p V $ f k p e L $ g A p h g S > u q L $. ê $. 3 0, A d L $ g ê $. 1 9, 0 6, p d v $ p d p g k p T X $ u p X $ g A p L $ i u A p N m u s pk p.kb.bþk L $.L $.ÅX $Å pap Qgphu fl g R>.(3.12)

7 Page: 7 b^ hnf p kb^ A V$g rdósp kp fpô²$ ¾$prs AphsuL$pg ir S>ers u DS>hZu: il f p A L$dpÓ hn l dqv$f ir c¼sp DdV$u X$i ir v$ h qfs>hhp Å rh^p p pe R>, L$pmp sg, L$pmy h hn f hõsyap Üpfp S> AQ pe R> (skhuf: v$ h Adf guep) AphsuL$pg ir S>ers R>. cnhp ir v$ ha k e yó R>. A Þepe p v$ hsp NZpe R> Ðepf fps>l$p V$ p Sy>b gu NpX $ Mps Aph g hn l dqv$f ir v$ h p S>eS>eL$pf bp gphp AphsuL$pg c¼sp u cux$ Ådi. S>eyb gu NpX $ kps l ydp Æ dqv$f fps>l$p V$ Mps Aph g h N l dqv$fdp ir dlpfps> y dlðh A R> L $ ir dlpfps> hn ldp Þepe p v$ hsp sful $ Ap mmpe R> A s y dlðh A R> L $ ir u p su p u dp V$u p su Qpgsu lp e sp L$pmp sg, kfõh y s g A Amv$ s p L$pmp L$ X$p y v$p L$fhp u p sudp fpls dm R>. fps>l$p V$dp A L$S> hn l y hpõsyip âdpz y dqv$f R> Al] v$f ir hpf fpó ArNepf hpáep ky^udp pq kps låf dpzkp v$i p Aphsp lp e R>. s ds> ir S>ers s p ir Adpk lp e Ðepf Av$pS> Qpk u kpcw$ låf dpzkp v$i p Aph R>. Apdqv$f Apif Qpk hj yfpï R> A kps l ydp dqv$f kpx$p ÓZkp hfk yfpzp u mp p mdp ânv$ l ydp Æ p hpk R>. l ydp Æ y dqv$f fs>hpmp hms y R> s d dqv$f V²$k¹V$ p âdym v$ hfps>cpc QuMguep S>Zpìey lsy.(2.25) d Ohpm kdps> p 7dp kd lg ep Åep h p X $ h p C T V $ ¼ k A v $ p g s A h p ^ p f p S > L $ p V $ i l f d p A g d u d p h k h p Q f u V $ b g V ² $ k ¹ V $ A d O h p m k d p S > p A p N h p p Ü p f p k d p S > u f 1 v $ u L $ f u A p p k p s d p Ahkp p ^ fps>l$p V$: d m L$p V$X$p uw$ p r hpku Afthv$cpC Np f^ v$pk hkpzu (D.h.78) fuv$p qx$hut d S>f A g.apc.ku s Q s cpc (b L$ Ap a CÞX$uep) s p S>hgscpC p r sp s p dp l gpg dp^hæcpc p V$ (Adf gu) p S>dpC s p õh.fdzul$gpg, õh.^ufs>gpg s p õh.óbl$gpg p p pcpc y sp.13 p Ahkp ey R>. b kï ApS> p kps> 5-30 u 6-30 kp d p dlpv$ h dqv$f, kp ÆÓp Nf pzu p V$pL$p pk kd Z kp kpev$u u bpsy>dp f ep fp X$ Mps fpm g R>. fps>l$p V$: dp Y$ hrzl$ h ózh lf ÞÖcpC p Ð u L$gpb (D.h.61) s õh.dp l gpg h cv$pk AX$pg Å u yóu s p lpqv$ L$ s p Ah u p dpsp y sp.11 p Ahkp ey R>. b kï ApS> p kps> 5 u 6 dp Y$ bp X$}N-5 fps> ys fp Mps fpm g R>. fps>l$p V$: v$fæ NyS>fpsu dãry> L$X$uep oprs p d^yb QphX$p (D.h.75) s õh.ad sgpg dp l gpg QphX$p p Ð u s f icpc p dpsp s p R>p V$pgpg X$pepgpg Qp lpz p b y sp.12 p Ahkp ey R>. b kï sp.18 khpf 9 u 10 klep N ^d Æh kp kpev$u fpm g R>. fps>l$p V$: b ûnóue Cðfgpg R>p V$pgpg bp kduep p yó i g jcpc dlºhp lpg qv$h (D.h.50) s usu cpc (dybc) p p pcpc Aip L$cpC, d ujcpc, i g jcpc R>pV$bpf p b hu y fps>l$p V$ Mps Ahkp ey R>. DW$dÏ ApS> p kps> 5 L$gpL $ iusmp dpsp p dqv$f V $ghpmu kpd Mps fpm g R>. f p S > L $ p V $ : k p u A. u. f k p s d c p C S > V y $ c p C f p Z f p p Ð u L$dmpb (D.h.82) s rh p v$cpc (Æ p Qpes) dl icpc, v$dpb s p rl pb p dpsp s p lfæh cpc sygkucpc pf M (dp fbu) p qv$l$fu s p õh.ad sgpgcpc, L $iycpc p bl y sp.12 p Ahkp ey R>. bß n y b kï ApS> p b p f 4-30 u 6 hp^ ðfu hpx$u kp u u hpmu fpm g R>. kphfly$x$gp: fkp sdcpc d OÆcpC L$pQp (D.h.8 ) y sp.11 iy¾$hpf p fp S> Ahkp e g R>. b kï kp dhpf p fp S> kps> 4 u 6 L$gpL $ r hpkõ p edy p Ly$S>, Np Ly$g Nf, pf M hpx$u, ipdæbp y D h hpx$u kpd, kphfly$x$gp Mps fpm g R>. Adf gu: p pcx$pfuep r hpku lpg Adfgu Np X$ d sx$hpx$ b pûz kymv$ hcpc Ap OhÆcpC (D.h.8f) s Æs ÞÖcppC (Adf gu Nf prgl$p) s p ks>ecpc (S> fg d S>f hx$p v$fphpmp) s p Ar gcpc (Adv$phpv$), Dd icpc (ku.a. Adv$phpv$) p r spæ y sp.11 p fp S> Ahkp e g R>. b kï p fp S> V$ g hpx$u, lufpdp su Qp L$, Adf gu dyl$pd kps> 4 u 6 ky^u fpm g R>. fps>l$p V$dp [õhk L$ u Üpfp N pdþx$ hp V$f qfqps> dpv $ L$fpep Aæepk f p S > L $ p V $ s p 1 4 d e f X $ p. S > d D p Ý e p e A L $ e p v $ u d p S > Z p h p e y R > L $ [ õ h k A S > Þ k u a p f X $ h g d Þ V $ A Þ X $ L $ p. A p f i (SDC) Ü p f p ã Þ X $ X $ L $ k u V $ u r b ë X $ ] N a p f g p L $ p b A Þ X $ ¼ g p C d V $ f r k g u e Þ V $ r k V $ u X $ h g d Þ V $ B B [ Þ X $ e p (CapaCITIES) â p S > L ¹ $ V $ A s N s f p S > L $ p V $ d p ã g X $ d u V $ u N i s p N p D ¹ X $ h p V $ f f u Q p S > d p V $ õ V $ X $ u L $ f h p d p A p h g. f p S > L $ p V $ h p V $ f õ L $ k f u S > d p A p h g. i l f d p h p V $ f gÿdu Nf AX$f pk gÿdu Nf AX$f pk rhõspfdp hfkpv$u pzu f C hp V$f lph k¹v$]n rkõv$d Üpfp S>du dp Dspfhp dpv$ u fsy>hps L$f g R>. S> p L $Qd ÞV$ A qfep 5 u 6 l L$V$f R> S> p Üpfp hprjl$ 3 u 4 rdrge guv$f pzu S>du dp fuqps> L$fhp p p V$ Þkueg R>. k à g p e L $ f h p d p V $ p Z u p p s S > d L $ X $ d A f u T h p e f u L $ k u V $ u d p h ^ p f p L $ f h p A s y S > s L $ f h y s p d v $ p L $ p g y kdyl g y Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy s dp v$f L$ n s ds> kdps> p A p N h p p Å X $ p e p l s p. k d N k p f p ô ² d p u h v $ s u A p A p kdylg dp Å X$pep lsp A rd fg p Z u â Å k y ^ u l p Q p X $ h p S > h p r h r h ^ â e p k p L $ f h p d p A p h g R >. A p d R > s p A d y L $ F s y v $ f ç e p â Å p Z u u s N u p k p d p Agdu dp hk hp Q fuv$ bg V²$õV$ Üpfp Apep S> L$fhpdp Apìey hp V$f pzu u kyrh^p NÆhpX$p p k p d p r S > L $ L $ p e L $ f A d L $ h p Z p s y g k u c p C y f u p X $ h p d p A p h u lsu.ap ANpD kõ p Üpfp A y¾$d f 1, 1, 3 1, 3 f, 1 6, f 1 v$ul$fuap p kdylg p L$fhpdp Apìep s d S > k d p S > D e p N u A L $ r h ^ â h r s A p Z Q p g u f l u R >. A çåeygþk lpg Qpgy R>. das V$uau k hp R> p v$p Y$ hj u b^ R>. das Qp X$p A p V$byL$p rhsfz kdn f p S > L $ p V $ p d O h p m k d p S > p r h õ s p f d p s d S > ì e k d y q L $ s p L$pe ¾$dp, ågx$ X$p i L $ç rhl$gpn A A p bpml$p p sn dlp Ðkh, d u W $ p B r h s f Z D f p s k p d p Æ L $ A L$sp gnsp kdn kp fpô²h¹ep u L $ f h p X $ R >. A p k d õ e p Ý e p g s p f p S > L $ p V $ d l p N f p r g L $ p f C h p V $ f l p h t k ¹ V $ N s p N p D ¹ X $ h p V $ f f u Q p S > Ü p f p p Z u u s N u s p A d y L $ r h õ s p f d p s p ã ë X $ ] N p B õ e y p r f p L $ f Z d p V $ r h r h ^ â e p k p L $ f u f l u R >. f p S > L $ p V $ i l f d p r h r h ^ r h õ s p f p L $ Ä e p Q p d p k p v $ f ç e p ã ë X $ ] N p B õ e y p e R > y L$pe ¾$dp Z L$fhpdp Aph R>. Ap kõ pdp dp fpfubp y s ds> fd icpb Ap Tp p lõs A y¾$d 31 A 3f qv$l$fuap y L$Þepv$p Z L$fph g R>. Ap kpsdp kdylg dp qv$l$fuap L$fuephf kp â d hms V$uhu s p ä u S > A p h p d p A p ì e p l s p. A p kdylg p Apep S>L$p hifpdcpb k p N W $ u e p, b u u c p B k p N W $ u e p, bpbycpb X$pcu, rh ycpb fdpf, v $ h Æ c p B h p O g p, f i f d p f, h i f p d c p B Q p X $ p, â r h Z c p B kpnw$uep, lufpcpb QphX$p, lufpcpb f d p f, A f t h v $ c p B d R > X $ u e p, d p l c p B k p N W $ u e p h N f A A p e p S > L $ p A d O h p m k d p S > p gp L$p DÐkplc f Å X$pep lsp.(0.1) fps>l$p V$ : f il$p j NpX $ dp d p p só Üpfp kukuv$uhu Np W$hhpdp Apìep R>. R>sp gh NpX $ dp â du MuX$pAp rbþv$põs â ddp NmpX $b sõhufdp Å hp dm R>, lpg h L $i p dplp gdp bpml$p afhp dpv$ hpguap Z â du MuX$p u lfl$sp u ifddp dyl$pc Åe R>. gh NpX $ dp só Üpfp bp X $ gnpx$hpdp Apìep R> L $ Ap kukuv$uhu L $d fpdp L $v$ R>p R>sp â du MuX$pAp kukuv$uhu u fhp L$ep hnf p sp p â ddp NmpX $b Å hp dm R>. L$pgphX$ fp X$ AX$f pk L$pgphX$ fp X$ AX$f pk Qp dpkp v$fçep Ap A fuepdp S>dp sy hfkpv$u pzu, fp X$ p X$uhpCX$f pk AX$f pk u b bpsy>a fuqps> h g b phu S>du dp Dspfu il$pe s d R>. Ap AX$f pk pk u b bpsy>a pbgp V$ g hg Qpf bp fh g b phu f C hp V$f fuqps> L$fhp dpv$ u fsy>hps L$f g R>, S> p L $Qd ÞV$ A qfep 12 u 15 l L$V$f R> S> p Üpfp hprj L$ 10 u 20 rdrge guv$f pzu S>du dp fuqps> L$fhp p p V$ Þkueg R>. s h p õ m p i p ^ u s u X $ u V $ C g õ V $ X $ u L $ f h p d p A p h g. A p õ m p AphsuL$pg fps>l$p V$dp dpgzdpµ p dqv$f i íhf S>ers dlp Ðkh fps>l$p V$ Mps dpdpkpl b u S>Áep f ep Npd p fõs AphsuL$pg ir v$ h S>ers Apõ pc f DS>hpi. A p ^ d p Ð k h d p g p L $ d m p a C d L$gpL$pf, gp L$ kprlðel$pf, sygkuv$pk Np X$guep. Ap âkn ApÝep[ÐdL$, ^prd L$ s ds> AQ - S> hv$ L$fu ir v$ h u S>e S>e L$pf bp gphi. Sy> pny$ Sy> p L$p N k krdrs p D âdym v$ rhs>e R> ep u r dïl$ Sy> pny$ sp 14 r X$f gux$fiu kpdpæl$ u dpx$u k hpl$ue s ds> fps>l$ue n Ó dlðh y ep Nv$p Ap pf r h S > e c p C D a A[íh cpc R> ep S y > p N Y $ Æ p L $ p N k k r d r s p D âdym v$ dlðh p v$ r dïl$ L$fhp dp Aphu R>.rhS>ecpC R> ep S > A p N s u r h ^ p k c p Qy V$Zu v$fçep Sy> pny$ Æ p u sdpd b W $ L $ p f A L $ d l Ð h u c y d u L $ p cs>hu L$p N k pv$} p Dd v$hpfp ÆspX$hp A X$u Qp V$u y Å f gnpìey hps u NyS>fps âv$ i L$p N k krdrs p âdym A d u s c p C Ý e p f A p h s p AduscpC p Apv$ i u Sy> pny$ Æ p L $ p N k â d y M s d S > r h k p h v $ f p ^pfpkc¹e lj v$cpc qfbx$uep ÅZ L$sp rhs>ecpc R> ep Sy> pny$ Æ p L$p N k krdrs p D âdym v$ r ey¼s L$fhpdp Apìep lsp. p B õ V $ X $ u s p Ð e p p k d õ e p Å Z h p d p V $ Ð e p p g p L $ p, r h r h ^ Ap S>Þdp Ðkhdp pn íhf dlpv$ h u Apfsu bpv$ v$ffp S> kh ðfv$pkbp y L $ p W $ u e p h p X $ u c e p A p c f V $ c p S > v $ f f p S > A p R >. A p ^dp Ðkh b phhp L $iycpc fpw$p X$, s jpfcpc rhx$uep, lj v$cpc fpw$p X$, fpsy>cpc rhx$uep s p kh c¼ss> p A p ^ d p Ð k h k a m b p h i. ( 2. 4 ) ApL$fp sp u båfp kydkpd fps>l$p V$: fps>l$p V$ krls kdn kp fpô²$dp X$sp ApL$fp sp u gp L$p Óprldpd p L$pfu flep R>. fps>l$p V$ il fdp il fdp b p f p il fdp b p f p kde ApL$fp sp u bqhp dpv $ L$pd rh p blpf lu r L$mhp s ds> blpf r L$msu hms kysfpd h p l fhp, hfuepmu ifbs yól$m dpópdp uhy krls u bpbsp AN il fus> p A yfp ^ L$ep lsp. il fdp dy e båf ^d ÞÖ fp X$ f khpf 11 hpáep u fõspap kydkpd b u Åe R>.Mfuv$u L$fhp dpv $ gp L$p kps> p kde r L$mhp y h^y kv$ L$f R>. A õv²$p Qp L$ AX$f pk A õv²$p Qp L$dp Aph g pl $dp N pd ¹X$ hp V$f fuqps> (bp fh g Üpfp) rkõv$d u fs >Aps L$fhpdp Aph g R>. S> p L $Qd ÞV$ A qfep 8 u 10 l L$V$f R> S> p Üpfp hprj L$ 10 u 12 rdrge guv$f pzu S>du dp fuqps> L$fhp p p V$ Þkueg R>. Ap D fps pgp pk fp uv$ v$uhpg v$yf L$fu Ðep 10 k.du. p Asfpg f hv$}l$g pc dyl$hp Z fs >Aps L$f g R>. S> hfkpv$u pzu p TX$ u r L$pg dpv$ dv$v$ê i. BÞÖâõ Nf AX$f pk BÞÖâõ Nf AX$f pk rhõspfdp hfkpv$u pzu f C hp V$f lph k¹v$]n rkõv$d Üpfp S>du dp Dspfhp dpv$ u fsy>hps L$f g R>, S> p L $Qd ÞV$ A qfep 5 u 6 l L$V$f R>, S> p Üpfp hprj L$ 6 u 8 dugue guv$f pzu S>du dp fuqps> L$fhp p p V$ Þkueg R> ãgx$ duv$un i Aæepk Üpfp AdyL$ rhõspfp dp hfkpv$ v$fduep X$su lpgpl$u vy$fl$fhp i âepk f k u X $ Þ k u e g k p k p e V $ u p A p N h p p u d v $ v $ g h p d p A p h u l s u s p 2 0 q L $ V $ u L $ g g p L $ i d f d p L $ L $ f h p d p A p h u l s u. A p D f p s A p õ m p p V $ p p g p Æ L $ g A g u h i. h p V $ f i X $ b k u s p k b. b k u u õ V $ X $ u AfÆ r L$pg L $ç ep S>hp L$p N k u dpn 10 V$L$p h fp hmsf ep S> p u dyv$s sp. 31 Sy>gpC ky^u gbphhp çey.l$rdí f fs >Aps fps>l$p V$ dlp Nf prgl$p Üpfp A r â g u L $ p V $ A q f e p b B T r d ë L $ s h f p A p L $ p f Z u u Ý^rs Adgu b phhpdp Aphu R>. A L$ rh^ rhknspap lp e lˆ>pfp hp^p AfÆAp Aphu R>. AfÆ p r L$pg dpv$ hp X $hpct V$ ¼k Av$pgs A h p ^ p A f Æ p r L $ p g L $ ç e p S > h p L $ p N k Ü p f p ç e y. L $ r d í f g Musdp fs >Aps L$fpC R>. 10 V$L$p h fp hmsf ep S> p u dyv$s sp. 31 Sy>gpC ky^u gbphhp çey.l$rdí f A yfp ^ L$fpep R>.(0.1) L $ f h p d p A p h u l s u. A p 2 0 g p L $ i d p u 5 g p L $ i i p ^ h p d p A p h u l s u Ä e p ã ë X $ ] N p B õ e y h p f h p f p e R > s p s õ m p f N p D ¹ X $ h p V $ f p f u Q p S > d p V $ p V $ Þ k u e g R >. S > p A d g u L $ f Z Ü p f p A p õ m p f ã ë X $ ] N p B õ e y y r f p L $ f Z s p A p A q f e p y N p D ¹ X $ h p V $ f V $ b g Z D f g p h u i L $ p e s d R >. A p r h õ s p f d p A õ V ² $ p Q p L $, g ÿ d u N f A X $ f p k, B Þ Ö â õ N f A X $ f p k, d r l g p L $ p g S > A X $ f p k p k d p h i p e R >. ( )

8 kys>gpd¹ kyagpd¹dp Np X$g epx $ 1.66 L$fp X$ p MQ DW$phi dy edóua Np dv$p p N pds> p kp kpýep ku^p khpv$ sp. 14: dy edóu rhs>ecpb ê pzua ApS> rhx$uap L$p Þaf[ÞkN dpfas Np X$g spgyl$p p Np dv$p Npd p N pds> p kp ku^p khpv$ kpýep lsp. NpdV$p Npd u kuddp Aph gy pv$u smph JXy$ Dspfhp u L$pdNufu y Z dy edóua r funz L$ey lsy. N pds> p A dy edóu Ap Arcep Qgphhp bv$g Arc v$ pw$hu rh^ epðdl$ ârscphp Apàep lsp. L$g ¼V$f X$p. fplºg NyápA dprlsu Ap u L $ fps>l$p V$ rs> pdp 100 h^y L$pdp Z B Nep R> A 400 u h^y L$pdp Qpg R>. A bpv$ Np dv$p p kf Q S>kpcpB Tp X$pA dy edóu Ap ep S> p gphhp bv$g Arc v$ pw$ìep lsp. Np X$g epx $ p Q fd S>erscpB Y$p g dy edóu rhnsp Ap u L $ ê L$fp X$ p MQ epx $ Üpfp ep S> p AsN s L$fhpdp Aphu füp R>. Np X$g spgyl$p p sdpd 77 Npdp dp L$pdp L$fhpdp Aphu füp R>. Ap h mpa kygsp yf p kf Q v$pdæcpb Np X$rgep, fpzkul$u p kf Q O íepdcpb L$pR>qX$ep, spgyl$p Qpes p âdym X$u. L $. hp fp, X$uX$uAp Ar g fpzphkuep, âps Ar^L$pfu fpeåv$p D [õ s füp lsp.(3.17) il fus> p Ýep fpmå D pmp u kut iê$ sp u kp S> L $fuap båfdp Aphu NC lsu. Ðepf b -Qpf qv$hk l gp S> d p u Apfp Áe ipmp Üpfp L $fu p Np X$pD A h QpZ L$fsp h pfuap Ðep f X$ L$fu lsu. Ns sp.12 ir hpf 390 L$ugp L$pbp CX$ A QpC ut phx$f u L$hpsu L $fu p S > Õ p d p p A p f p Á e A r ^ L $ p f u A p A T X $ u g u ^ p l s p. ANpD Z L$pbp CX$ u L $fu L$hhp p ^^p L$fsp h pfuap fn lp TX$ pep y y ² y lsp. A L $fu p pi L$fpep y Ål f L $ f p e l s Ð e p f k Ó p d p u d m s u dprlsu dys>b L$pbp CX$ eyl$s L $fu TX$ pep bpv$ Apfp Áe Ar^L$pfuAp A s p pi L$ep lp hp p OV$õap V$ ep R>. sp Ap L$pbp CX$ eyl$s L $fu y iy L$fhpdp Apìey s u s pk L$fpsp A r ^ L $ p f u A p u A v $ f p - A v $ f u gx$pca c ô$ Ar^L$pfuAp p cpx$p ap X$u p ep R>. k p f p ô $ ¾ $ p r s u V $ u d Ü p f p i r h p f d p p A p f p Á e A r ^ L $ p f u A p A p A N R > h p d p 8 kp dhpf L$pbp CX$ hpmu L $fu TX$ pep bpv$ s p pi u L$fpsp, k V$]N L$fu fs h pfu Ap u v$ hpe R> : k Óp Aphpsp Np m-np m S>hpbp dþep lsp. A L$ X$p L$V$f Ar^L$pfuA sp Ðep ky^u L$lu v$u^y L $, ""d u Mbf L $ L $fu p pi L$C fus L$fhpdp Aph R>, Ap AN X$p. L$S> fpw$p X$ yr>p.'' peb Apfp Áe Ar^L$pfu X$p. L$S> fpw$p X$ p k L $ L$fhpdp Aphsp s Ap A ap qfkuh L$fhp y V$pþey lsy. lpgdp Ap dyv¹$ kdn il fdp QQp p v$p f iê$ C Nep R>. d p u Apfp Áe V$ud L$pbp CX$ eyl$s L $fu TX$ R> A gp L$p Z L$pbp CX$ hpmu L $fu Mphp dpn v$i Ap R>. só dux$uep kdn TX$ pe g L $fu p ApL$X$p v$ip hu v$ R>. fsy pi L$fpep y L$p C âya A psy u, kp fpô²$ ¾$prs u V$ud gp L$p p Apfp Áe kp Q X$p s p l p h p u i L $ p A l L $ u L $ s k y ^ u l p Q h p d p d Z L $ f u l s u. A s Ar^L$pfuAp u gx$pcdp cpx$p aºv$u Nep l s p L $, A p f p Á e A r ^ L $ p f u A p L $ p b p C X $ u L $ h p s u L $ f u A p T X $ u h pfuap kp k qv$n L$fu h pfuap L$pbp CX$ eyl$s L $fu fs Ap u v$ R>! sp iy al$s v$ MpX$p L$fhp dpv $ S> f X$ p X $ h p d p A p h R >? i y g p L $ p p Apfp Áe u tqsp dpó pv$l$ R>? lsy> ky^u A L$hpf Z L $fu p pi L$fpep p Al hpg dþep u Ðepf çey.l$rdñf c ô$ Ar^L$pfuAp kpd Ngp g i L $ R > u A r ^ L $ p f u A p p k f d p k f yfphi? s Å hy füy. L$pbp CX$ eyl$s L $fu TX$ pe sp h p f u A p v $ X $ L $ f h p d p A p h R >. gp L$p p vy$íd lp e s d rqsfhpdp A p h R > Z i y S > h p b v $ p f Ar^L$pfuAp Aphp c ô$pqpf L$f R> Ðepf s d p kpd L$p C L$pe hplu i L $ L $ d? s h p k h p g Q Q p d p R >. ( ) rhs>e ê pzu p L$pe ¾$ddp L$pmp hphv$p afl$ep M X $s kdps> Üpfp kss Adf gu rs> p p âñp u aqfepv$p gc hpfhpf dpdgsv$pf u gc ku.a d. rhs>ecpc ê pzu ky^u p Aph v$ Óp Apàep R>sp kfl$pf sfa u L$p C S>hpb lu dmsp M X $s kdps> Adf gu rs> p dlpdóu L $s L $ k h p m p A g p W $ u â d y M c f s NS> fp A s d u V$ud TfMuep Mps ku.a d. u kcpdp p sp p â i ¹ p f S y > L $ f s p s d u ^ f L $ X $ L$fhpdp Aphu R>. M X $sp d mp b^pfp p sp u A p Æ r h L $ p h p f u k f L $ p f k p d p sp p rhfp ^ ìel$s L$fu Ap d m b^pfp bp^hp y Qpgy L$ey R>. Aphp A L$ dyv$pap kpd gx $ l] sp gpc Z l ] s p A h u h u d p ep S> pap,v$ L$p p cph, M X $sp p v$ hp dpau, A lpg kmnsp fpsy>gp p p guk spðl$pgul$ M X $s AN Zu u AV$L$pes L$fu c dpqaepap A M X $sp u L$åS> L$f gu S>du p dyl$s L$fhp S> hp dyv$pap gc M X $s kdps> Adf gu qv$d kss kfl$pf kpd gx$su fl i A M X $sp Þepe l] dm sp kfl$pf px$u v$ hp u QudL$u Z Ap u R>. A ApNpdu 1 Sy> u 10 Sy> k y ^ u d p N p d X $ p b ^ p A g p d p NyS>fps Z b^ kp Å X$pC s hu hl$u R>.(2.17) Apfp Áe Ar^L$pfuAp A L$pbp CX$ hpmu L $fu p bpfp bpf hluhv$ L$fu p ep R>? Ar^L$pfuAp u Av$fp -Av$f u gx$pcdp cpx$p aºv$ep : iy L$rdñf Ngp g i? ApS> Z kx $gu L $fu qv$ fhp dp MpC, L$pbp CX$ hpmp L $fu p bp L$k L$ep Nep? ApS>fp S> dp QubÅf rhõspfdp L $fu p h pfuap Ðep d p Üpfp f X$ px$hpdp Aphu lsu S> dp dpó kx $gu L $fuap qv$ fhp dp pmhpdp Aphu lsu. S>epf L$pbp CX$ u L$hpsu L $fu p bp L$k pi L$fhp dpv $ dp L$gpep lp sp, Ðepf A khpg L$pedu füp R> L $, sp lh Ap L$pbp CX$ hpmu L $fuap y L$fpi iy? il fdp S> Apfp Áe kp My Apd Q X$p C fùpp R> L$pb eyl$s L $fu y h QpZ AV$L$phhpdp só r óam Adf gu il fdp A^ fu Nfu A NXy$ fpå S> hp dplp g Å hp dmu fùpp R>. S> Apfp Áe kp My Apd Q X$p C fùpp lp hp R>sp Z azx$ rhcpn u Apmi v$yf su u. il fdp L $fu L$pb u L$phu h Q p Z L $ f h p d p A p h u f ù p y R >. L $ p b p C X $ e y L $ s L $ f u M p h p u A L $ âl$pf p OpsL$ fp N hp u il$espap Å hp dmu flu R>. L $fu D fps L $mp Z L $rdl$g u L$phhpdp Aphu fùpp R>. D pmp p dplp g lp e il fus> p Np gp, ApCõ¾$ud, i fx$u p fk A AÞe W$X$p uzp u dp S> dpzu füp lp e s hp kde s dp D ep Ndp g hpsp bfa u Z QL$pkZu L$fhp u S>êf R>. prgl$p pazx$ rhcpn Âhpfp il fdp il fdp Np gp A i fx$u p fkdp h fpsp bfa u QL$pkZu L$fhp u Z S>êf L$epf e QL$pkZu L$fhpdp Aphsu u sp blºdpmu ch dp rbfps>dp azx$ Ar^L$pfuAp Z iy L$f R> s kdåsy u. i l f u S > p A p f p Á e k p My Apd Q X$p C fùpp lp e A il fdp fp NQpmp apv$u ul$mi sp S>hpbv$pfu L$p u fl i s hp h ^L$ âi¹ D [õ s C fùpp R>.(2.14) L$p N k p S > hpv$ ÅZhp S>hplf QphX$p p fps>l$p V$dp ^pdp d p Z p h v $ f p L $ p N u ^ p f p k æ e Q p h X $ p f p S > L $ p V $ p â c p f u R > AphsuL$pg L$p p f V$fp A lpf gp ^pfpkæep u kp b W$L$ L$fi f p S > L $ p V $ d p L $ p N k n d p S > h p v $ u c r d L $ p L $ p e f s l p h p u h p s S > N Å l f R >. A h p f h p f Ål f L$pe ¾$dp L $, n p L$pe ¾$dp dp Ap S > hpv$ p X$R>pep Å hp dm R>. NyS>fps âv$ i L$p N k âdym u h r e y q L $ s b p v $ A r d s c p C Q p h X $ p A n d p ^ f M d a f a p f L$fhp p kl $sp Ap u v$u^p R> Ðepf d p Z p h v $ f p ^ p f p k æ e A f p S > L $ p V $ p L $ p N k â c p f u S>hplfcpC QphX$pA fps>l$p V$ dp u L$p N k p S > hpv$ p d muep DM X$u pmhp L$hpes Apv$fu R>. S>hplfcpC ApS> ÓZ qv$hk d p V $ f p S > L $ p V $ d p f p L $ p Z L $ f i A S > h p v $ M s d L $ f h p L $ p e L $ f p, lp v¹$ v$pfp p âñ p V$p gp gc âv$ i k y ^ u l p Q p X $ i. A p h s u L $ p g S>hplfcpC QphX$p L$p Nu L$p p f V$fp A f p S > L $ p V $ u Q p f e b W $ L $ p f f p S > e p k p d p L $ f p f ^ p f p k c p p D d v $ h p f f l u Q L $ g p s p A p u k p b W $ L $ L $ f i A v $ f L $ p d u h p s k p c m i, Ðepfbpv$ by^hpf kl$}v$ lpdk Mps S> L$p Nu L$pe L$sp Ap p d u hps k p c m i Å Z h p d m s u r h N s dys>b L$p Nu L$pe L$fp S > hpv$ gc S > h p l f c p C k d n â ñ p p Y $ N g p L$fhp p dyx$dp R>. Ap AN S>hplfcpC yr>sp il f p kl$}v$ lpdk Mps dpzphv$f p L$p Nu ^pfpkæe, fps>l$p V$ il f âcpfu S>hplfcpC QphX$p ApS> u ÓZ qv$hk ky^u sdpd î Zu p lp v¹$ v$pfp -L$pe L$sp Ap knw$ AN dpn v$i Ap i. L$pe L$sp Ap u fs >Aps kpcmi d p p rh nu sp hifpd kpnqw$ep, L$p Nu AN Zu l dpn hkphx$p, il f L$pe L$pfu âdym dl icpc fps> ys, L$p p f V$f O íepdtkl ÅX $Å, rdsyg v$p Np, rdj pv$x$uep krls p lp v¹$ v$pfp ApN hp p D [õ s füp lsp. S > hpv$ p d muep DM X$u pmhp S>hplfcpC by^hpf L$pe L$sp Ap u d u hps kpcmi : V$ pgu b u âv$ i ky^u hps lp QpX$i s Ap A S>Zpìey lsy L $, s Ap al$s â v $ i L $ p N k p V $ p g u s f u L $ u c rdl$pdp R>. L$pe L$sp Ap A fs > L$f g d u hps s Ap âv$ i p AN ZuAp ky^u lp QpX$i, 2019 u Q V$Zu u dnamu u NyZudp L$pL$fp A dpv$u L$ep u Aphu: dp Vy$ L$p cpx$ kðe blpf Aphi L $ R>u s pk p pd cu y kl $gpc S>i : h ^pfpkæe bcpzuep dnamu u Mfuv$u kl.kõ pap L $ A S>ÞkuAp dpfas kfl$pf Mfuv$ L$fhp y ½$u L$f g lsy. M X $sp u dnamu L $ p L $ f p L $ ^ m h N f u s d S > L $ V $ g p Dspfp u R> s u MfpC L$ep R>u S> sp g L$fhpdp Aphsp. A p d N a m u L $ C k õ p L $ L $ÞÖdp u Mfuv$hpdp Aph g R> s p pd sfp u àg V$dp L$p sfzu L$fu v$f L$ b p f v $ p D f p d p r k ç b p g gnpx$hpdp Aphsp. Ap dnamu S> Np X$pD dp dp L$ghp u pe Ðepf Ðep p N p X $ p D d S > f L $ M f u v $ u L $ f p f kõ p p Ar^L$pfuA NyZu u NZsfu hs> rhn f u MpÓu L$ep bpv$ kv$} Ap hpdp Aph g R>. M X $sp pk u Qp Mu dnamu MfuÛp R>u dnamu u NyZudp L$pL$fp A dpv$u L$C fus Aph g R> s u Ncufsp Ar^L$pfuAp A A S>ÞkuAp p dpzkp dpfas dugu cns u Mfuv$udp dp V$p pe L$p cpx$ L$fhpdp Aph g R> A s p pi L$fhp dpv$ ApN gnpx$hpdp Aph R> s hu il$p D [õ s pe R>. Np X$pD d S>f s p S> kõ pa dnamu dp L$gu R> s p S>hpbv$pf lp v$ v$pfp k p d L $ p e v $ k f u L $ p e h p l u h l g u s L $ L $ f h p d p A p h s p A p A r L $ p X $ p b php u kðe ll$ul$s blpf Aph s d R>. s d S> S> L $ÞÖdp u dnamu Mfuv$pe g R> s dp S> M X $sp bpl$u flu Nep R> s p y r h v $ p Z g h p Å C A. S > kõ pap A dnamu u Mfuv$u y L$pd L$f g R> s Ap p V²$L$cpX$p, dsy>fu, L$rdi s p AÞe MQp Ap p bug u fl$d lsy> QyL$hhpdp Aph g u s ds> M X $s p bug u fl$d bpl$u lp e sp hl gusl $ QyL$hhp u kfl$pf ìehõ p L$fhu Å CA. kfl$pf M sdð pv$ u Mfuv$u L$fhp bv$g hph sf u A L$f v$uw$ fl$d ½$u L$fu S> fl$d pe s ku^p M X $s p M p s p d p S > d p p e s h u Ý ^ r s A phhu Å CA fsy A L$ hms L$fhpdp Aph g fs >Aps Ýep g hpdp Aph g u. S>kv$Z p h ^pfpkc¹e c u M p c p C b p c r Z e p A S > Z p ì e R>.(0.1) sx$pdpf s epfu lp e s d L$p N k n A g V $ C N e p R > A k N W $ ds>b s L$fhp u L$hpes lp ^fpc R>. Ðepf L$p N kdp Qpgsp S > hpv$ p A s A p i L $ L $ d? s Å h y f ü y. ( ) "kp fpô²$ ¾$prs' kpýe v$ r L$ Ap lh Al] u Z dmu il$i 1- dp rlscpc- lp [õ V$g Qp L$ funp õv$ ÞX$ 2- Aip L$cpC kp R>pÓp f ëh lp [õ V$g N V$ u kpd 3- Ar gcpc ÅdV$phf Qp L$ Åd Nf fp X$, 4- dl i gmsqfep- e ågukuv$u- kp fw$uephpx$u Qp L$, 5- lj v$ L$LL$X-$ kpnz$hp Qp L$, b L$ õv$p g 6- Q s fpw$p X$ lnpdp ApBõ¾$ud kp fw$uephpx$u Qp L$ 7- S> W$hp uþvy$ fd icpc cr¼s Nf Qp L$, A g. ApC. ku. u bpsy>dp 8- S> W$hp fd i dp^ycpc pnqfl$ b L$ Qp L, Y $bf fp X$, c[¼s Nf kl $g$ 9- L $. A d. Np ^p u A k. V$u. bk õv$ ÞX$, Y $bf fp X$, 10- rls j Ndpfp A k. V$u. b L$ õv$p g 11- fd icpc L$p W$pfuep pl$p v$kpîudpmu lp [õ V$g Qp L$ 12- ArdscpC X$ép Æ p Qpes Qp L, f kl$p j $ 13- dyl $k Qv$ycpC A ÞX$ BL$bpg i M, ql$ip fp Qp L$, 14- azgr>pb Qp L$, kv$f båf 15- Nyê$L $ p V²$ph ëk, gudx$p Qp L$ 16- S>luf L$p çàeyv$f, fps> i QuL$u kpd, kv$f båf 17- bu u cpb hpx$p v$fuep, Qp ^fu lpbõly$g u kpd 18- N ucpc l u ÞeyT A S>Þku, dlpl$pmu dqv$fhpmu i fu 19- rhs>etkl X$u. fdpf, dp dpb lp V$g u kpd SAURASHTRA KRANTI (DAILY EVENING) Editor, Printer Publisher & Owner : GADHAVI ASHOK MULUBHA, Place of Publication : SAURASHTRA KRANTI KARYALAYA 125, STAR CHAMBER, HARIHAR CHOWK, PANCHNATH PLOT, RAJKOT ,ph.No.(0281) Printed at: SAURASHTRA PRINTERY, ATIKA SOUTH ARATI SOC. DHEBAR ROAD RAJKOT GUJARAT.