časopis pro moderní filologii 1 ročník 91 / 2009 ISSN 0862-8459 ÚSTAV PRO JAZYK ČESKÝ AKADEMIE VĚD ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
ČASOPIS PRO MODERNÍ FILOLOGII 1/2009 Redakce: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, v. v. i., Letenská 4, 118 51 Praha 1, Czech Republic, tel. (+420) 225 391 444 http://www.ujc.cas.cz/oddeleni/index.php?page=modfil Hlavní redaktor: Aleš Klégr (Praha) Zástupkyně hlavního redaktora: Michaela Lašťovičková (Praha) Redakční kruh: Světla Čmejrková (Praha), Jan Holeš (Olomouc), Markéta Malá (Praha), Marek Nekula (Regensburg), Jaroslav Peprník (Olomouc), Jaromír Povejšil (Praha), Vladimír Uhlíř (Praha), Ludmila Uhlířová (Praha), Václav Vlasák (Praha), Lenka Vodrážková-Pokorná (Praha), Jaromír Zeman (Brno) Výkonný redaktor: Petr Čermák (Praha) OBSAH CONTENTS Dominika Šrajerová, Automatické vyhledávání termínů a jeho dopad na definici termínu The Impact of Automatic Term Recognition on the Definition of a Term... Jiří Blažek, K transkripci hebrejských konsonantů a vokálů do češtiny Transcription of Hebrew Consonants and Vowels... Mária Čižmárová, O lexikálno-sémantickej konfrontácii v slovanských jazykoch On Lexical-Semantic Contrasting in Slavic Languages... 1 19 20 29 30 36 Rozhledy Martin Šemelík, Několik poznámek k lexikografickému zpracování německých antonym Some Remarks on the Lexicographic Treatment of German Antonyms... Jaromír Kadlec, Jazyková situace a postavení francouzštiny v Alžírsku The Linguistic Situation and Position of French in Algeria... 37 44 45 53 Recenze Anna Reder: Kollokationen in der Wortschatzarbeit (Marek Schmidt)... Naděžda Kudrnáčová: Directed motion at the syntax-semantics interface (Jaroslav Peprník)... Romanica Olomucensia (Jan Holeš)... Kronika 54 55 55 57 58 59 Jarmila Nečesaná Tárnyiková (Libuše Hornová)... Výběr z publikací prof. PhDr. Jarmily Tárnyikové, CSc.... 60 62 62 64
Automatické vyhledávání termínů a jeho dopad na definici termínu Dominika Šrajerová (Praha) The Impact of Automatic Term Recognition on the Definition of a Term The paper presents a new corpus-driven method for automatic term recognition (ATR) based on data-mining techniques. In our research, ATR is seen as a valuable resource for the theory of terminology. The main goal of our approach is not the recognition of terms in given academic disciplines but rather a contribution to the definition of the notion term. The basis for such definition improvement is provided by feature-ranking, which is a built-in function of the data-mining tools and is able to determine the impact of individual statistical and linguistic features of word-forms on the accuracy of the ATR method. One of the basic characteristics of a term, its terminological strength (or termhood) depends on the combination of the most significant features in a given word-form. Key words: term, terminology, automatic term recognition, termhood, data-mining, featureranking Klíčová slova: termín, terminologie, automatické rozpoznávání termínů, termínovost, vytěžování dat, vyhodnocení důležitosti rysů FFUK, Ústav Českého národního korpusu nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Praha 1 dominika.srajerova@ff.cuni.cz
K transkripci hebrejských konsonantů a vokálů do češtiny Jiří Blažek (Praha) Transcription of Hebrew Consonants and Vowels The article deals with the transcription of Hebrew consonants and vowels into the Czech language and offers phonetic transcription as the most useful and phonetically correct system. The system presented in the article is based on the standard phonology of modern Israeli Hebrew. It leaves aside the problem of pronunciation of biblical Hebrew, partly because of lack of space and partly because its pronunciation is artificially reconstructed and therefore does not reflect the contemporary pronunciation of Hebrew as a living and spoken language. The phonetic system presented in the article is compared with other systems already used in Czech literature. Although there are still many things to be discussed, the author thinks that a simple phonetic system should be used as the basic norm for the transcription of Hebrew in popular and scholarly literature. A similar problem of ununified transcription also appears in the transcription of Arabic and other languages written in non-latin alphabets. This topic deserves further serious consideration on the academic level. Key words: Hebrew, transcription, transliteration, consonants, vowels Klíčová slova: hebrejština, transkripce, transliterace, konsonanty, vokály HTF UK, Ústav židovských studií Pacovská 350/4, P.O.BOX 56, 140 21 Praha 4 in_dust_trial@centrum.cz
O lexikálno-sémantickej konfrontácii v slovanských jazykoch Mária Čižmárová (Prešov) On Lexical-Semantic Contrasting in Slavic Languages The author of the paper examines different lexical units in the Slovak and Ukrainian languages. The basis of her research is provided by a Ukrainian-Slovak dictionary and a Slovak-Ukrainian dictionary in the compilation of which the author participated. Differences between the semantic structures of the two languages with such a close genetic relationship reflect differences in the perception of reality and its evaluation captured by the semantics of lexemes of the compared languages. Key words: Ukrainian, lexeme, contrasting, contrastive lexikology, Slovak-Ukrainian dictionary Kľúčové slová: ukrajinský jazyk, lexéma, konfrontácia, lexikálno-sémanticka konfrontácia, slovensko-ukrajinský slovník FF PU v Prešově, Katedra ukrajinistiky IRUS Ul. 17. novembra č. 1, 080 78 Prešov majciz@unipo.cz
ROZHLEDY Několik poznámek k lexikografickému zpracování německých antonym Martin Šemelík (Praha) Some Remarks on the Lexicographic Treatment of German Antonyms The subject matter of the paper is Wolfgang Müller s dictionary of antonyms: Das Gegenwort-Wörterbuch. Ein Kontrastivwörterbuch mit Gebrauchshinweisen. It predominantly focuses on how the dictionary meets the needs of its users. In this regard, the analysis reveals that Wolfgang Müller s dictionary shows considerable weaknesses especially in (a) the coverage of the lexis, (b) the provision of antonyms in the case of polysemous lexemes and (c) the quality of information in the microstructure. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the dictionary includes word-forming elements. As their inclusion in the macrostructure enables users to understand items that are not listed in the dictionary, this fact represents the main advantage of Müller s dictionary. Nonetheless, in terms of price and general value the final product itself can hardly be regarded as a special bargain. Key words: German, lexicography, antonyms, word-forming elements, polysemy Klíčová slova: němčina, lexikografie, antonyma, slovotvorné morfémy, polysémie FFUK, Ústav germánských studií nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38, Praha 1 semelik9@centrum.cz
Jazyková situace a postavení francouzštiny v Alžírsku Jaromír Kadlec (Olomouc) The Linguistic Situation and Position of French in Algeria The paper deals with the linguistic situation and the position of French in Algeria. The policy of arabisation has not been entirely successful in Algeria. The disregard for the language and culture of the inhabitants and the effort to deny the linguistic diversity in the country are the main reasons for its failure. Despite the protests of Islamists, knowledge of French remains an inevitable condition for good integration into the working environment and into Algerian society. Key words: French, Algeria, Francophony Klíčová slova: francouzština, Alžírsko, Frankofonie FFUP, katedra romanistiky Křížkovského 10, 771 80 Olomouc kadlec@ffnw.upol.cz