Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita V.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.1 Reals of the English speaking countries and the Czech Republic Kapitola 20 Australia political system Mgr. Drahomíra Pólová 30.9.2012
Obsah ÚVOD 1 1 AUSTRALIA POLITICAL SYSTEM... 2 1.1 CONSTITUTION... 2 1.2 AUSTRALIA S CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY... 2 1.3 THE GOVERNOR GENERAL AND STATE GOVERNORS... 2 1.4 THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENT... 3 1.5 RELATIONS BETWEEN LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT... 3 1.6 TASK... 4 2 DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA... 5 3 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 6
Úvod Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání), ale lze jej využít i při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Výukový materiál se zabývá politickým systémem Austálie. Vzdělávací materiál zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí. Součástí kapitoly je rovněž kontrolní cvičení. 1
1 Australia political system Australia's system of government is based on the liberal democratic tradition, which includes religious tolerance and freedom of speech and association. It's institutions and practices reflect British and North American models but are uniquely Australian. The Commonwealth of Australia was created on January 1, 1901 - Federation Day - when six former British colonies - now the six States of Australia - agreed to form a union. The Australian Constitution, which took effect on January 1, 1901, lays down the framework for the Australian system of government. 1.1 Constitution The Australian Constitution sets out the rules and responsibilities of government and outlines the powers of its three branches - legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative branch of government contains the parliament - the body with the legislative power to make laws. The executive branch of government administers the laws made by the legislative branch, and the judicial branch of government allows for the establishment of the country's courts of law and the appointment and removal of it judges. The purpose of the courts is to interpret all laws, including the Constitution, making the rule of law supreme. 1.2 Australia s constitutional monarchy Australia is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means it is a country that has a queen or king as its head of state whose powers are limited by a Constitution. Australia's head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. In practice, the Queen is plays no role within the Australian political system. In Australia, the Queen is formally represented by a Governor General whom she appoints on the recommendation of Australia's Prime Minister. The Queen plays no role in the day-to-day duties of the Governor General. 1.3 The Governor General and State Governors Under the Constitution, the Governor-General's powers and duties include summoning, proroguing and dissolving Parliament, assenting to Bills, appointing Ministers, setting up Departments of State and appointing judges. 2
By convention, however, the Governor-General acts only on the advice of Ministers in virtually all matters and the appointee to the office is selected on the advice of the Government. The six State Governors perform similar roles in their States. 1.4 The National Parliament The National Parliament is bicameral, having two chambers: the House of Representatives (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). Both are responsible for national laws, such as: trade, taxation, immigration, citizenship, social security, industrial relations and foreign affairs. Legislation has to be approved by both houses before it can become law. The House of Representatives, initiates most legislation. It currently has 148 elected members, each representing around 80,000 voters. The political party or parties with the most seats in the House of Representatives forms the Government. The Senate is known as the 'house of review'. Proposed legislation is generally considered clause-by-clause and often referred to committees. One of the Senate's original roles was to ensure that laws were fair to all states. Voters therefore elect 12 Senators from each State and two Senators from each of Australia's two Territories. 1.5 Relations between levels of Government The Commonwealth and State Governments co-operate in many areas where States and Territories are formally responsible, such as education, transport, health and law enforcement. Income tax is levied federally, and debate between the levels of governments about access to revenue is a perennial feature of Australian politics. 3
1.6 Task According to the charts try to explain Australian system of government. 4
2 Doporučená literatura 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 5
3 Použitá literatura a zdroje 1. Mgr. Dagmar El-Hmoudová, Angličtina maturitní témata Třebíč 2006. ISBN 978-80- 86873-04-6. 2. Světlana Brendlová, Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Praha FRAUS, 2004. ISBN 80-85784874. 3. Jana Odehnalová, Reading about theenglish-speaking countries Praha PRÁH, 2004. ISBN 80-7252-095-4. 4. Janet Borsbey,Ruth Swan, Crossing cultures, Praha INFOA, 2010. ISBN 978-80- 7240-683-8. 6