Positive trend in numbers of bats wintering in mass hibernacula in Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic)

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Katedra zlgie a eklgie Přírdvědecká fakulta, Masarykva Univerzita v Brně Psitive trend in numbers f bats wintering in mass hibernacula in Mravia and Silesia (Czech Republic)

1 Katedra zlgie a eklgie Přírdvědecká fakulta, Masarykva Univerzita v Brně Psitive trend in numbers f bats wintering in mass hibernacula in Mravia and Silesia (Czech Republic) Zvyšvání pčtu netpýrů zimujících v masvých zimvištích Mravy a Slezska (Česká republika) Zdeněk Řehák & Jiří Gaisler Department f Zlgy and Eclgy Faculty f Science, Masaryk University in Brn

2 INTRODUCTION Winter checks f bats in extensive undergrund spaces are an imprtant methd f mnitring bat ppulatins. Bats gather in such hibernacula frm large area f their summer ccurrence. On the territry f the present Czech Republic, winter census f bats started in 1955 but riginally it invlved nly a few sites. Since then, the number f lcalities was enlarged and winter mnitring f bat numbers has been standardized. AIM T evaluate the trends in numbers f bats as recrded in six mass hibernacula situated n the territry f Mravia r Silesia, which is the E part f the Czech Republic.

3 STUDY SITES 1. Slupsk-ššůvské caves, SŠC (49 25 N, E) a natural limestne cave system in the N part f the Mravian Karst (MK, C Mravia). A cmplicated set f crridrs and dmes in tw streys cnnected by deep chasms. Ttal length ca 7 km, six entrances at the elevatin f m.

4 2. Kateřinská cave, KC (49 21 N, E) a natural limestne cave in the N part f MK with ne entrance at the elevatin f 345 m. Ttal length f crridrs and three large dmes ca 500 m.

5 3. Býčí skála cave, BSC(49 18 N, E) a natural cave in the part f MK with three entrances, a large manmade, a large natural (elevatin m) and a small natural upper windw. Ttal length f the whle system ca 13 km but bats have been checked in its small part nly, the Old Býčí skála incl. Brunina cave.

6 4. Caves f the Říčka valley, CŘV (49 15 N, E) fur natural caves, viz, Ochzská., Netpýrka, Malčina and Pekárna, in the S part f MK. Their entrances are situated at the bttm f a valley. Ttal length f Ochzská cave > 1 km, f each f the remaining caves 100 m.

7 5. Cave f Na Turldu, CT (48 48 N, E) a natural limestne cave in S Mravia at the brder with Austria. A cmplicated system f crridrs and streys with nly small dmes, elevatin m. Ttal length f accessible spaces ca 1100 m.

6. Mines near Malá Mrávka, MMM (50 03 N, 17

halls in several streys cnnected by vertical

8 6. Mines near Malá Mrávka, MMM (50 03 N, E) tw abandned irn re mines in the Jeseníky Mts., N Mravia. Cmplicated systems f galleries and spacius halls in several streys cnnected by vertical shafts at the elevatin f 900 m. Ttal length f standard spaces checked regularly since 1970/71 ca. 600 m, f new spaces discvered in 1993 and checked since 1994 ver 500 m.

9 METHODS Each f the hibernacula was visited nce per winter, usually in January r February. Up t 1980, the census was cupled with marking and recapturing, since 1981 the bats were censused visually withut marking Bth published and unpublished data have been used. Published data surces: SŠC - Zukal et al. (2001, 2003), KC - Řehák et al. (1994), Zukal et al. (2001), BSC - Zima (2001), CŘV - Gaisler & Řehák (2001), CT - Chytil & Gaisler (2001), Gaisler & Chytil (2002), MMM - Gaisler et al. (1993), Řehák & Gaisler (1999, 2001).. Unpublished data surces, mainly after 2000, were assumed frm field prtcls f the authrs and their c-wrkers (Zukal, Kvařík, Chytil, Bartnička). The changes in numbers f bats were assessed using linear regressin analysis.

10 MATERIAL Species / Lcalities Rhinlphus hippsiders R. ferrumequinum Mytis mystacinus M. brandtii M. emarginatus M.nattereri M. bechsteinii M. mytis M. blythii M. daubentnii M. dasycneme Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.l. Eptesicus nilssnii E. sertinus Barbastella barbastellus Plectus auritus P. austriacus SŠC KC BSC CŘV CT MMM N. f species

Slupsk-ššůvské caves, SŠC (1958-2005) 1400 1200 Mytis mytis Rhinlphus hippsiders Other spp.

11 Slupsk-ššůvské caves, SŠC ( ) Mytis mytis Rhinlphus hippsiders Other spp Tw species are dminant in the SŠC, viz, M. mytis (57.0 %) and R. hippsiders (38.1 %). Their numbers increased since 1982 and this trend has been highly significant (M. mytis, r = 0.95, p < 0.001, R. hippsiders r = 0.87, p < 0.001).

Kateřinská cave, KC (1959-2005) 250 200 Mytis mytis Rhinlphus hippsiders Other spp.

12 Kateřinská cave, KC ( ) Mytis mytis Rhinlphus hippsiders Other spp Similar results were btained in the KC where M. mytis prevailed (66.4 %) while R. hippsiders was the secnd mst cmmn species (24.5 %). Since 1983, the increase in their numbers was highly significant (M. mytis, r = 0.79, p < 0.001, R. hippsiders, r = 0.90, p < 0.001).

13 Býčí skála cave, BSC ( ) Other spp. Rhinlphus hippsiders Mytis mytis Bat cmmunity f the BSC is characterized by the high dminance f M. mytis (78.5 %) the increase in numbers f which has been highly significant (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). The secnd numerus R. hippsiders is far less cmmn (14.3 %) and the psitive trend in its numbers has been less significant (r = 0.60, p < 0.01).

Caves f the Říčka valley, CŘV (1957-2005) 300 250 200 150 100 50 Rhinlphus hippsiders Mytis emarginatus Mytis mytis Other spp.

14 Caves f the Říčka valley, CŘV ( ) Rhinlphus hippsiders Mytis emarginatus Mytis mytis Other spp Different situatin was fund in the CŘV. R. hippsiders prevails (50.9 %) while M. mytis cnstitutes nly 30.7 %. Since 1982, bth species increased in numbers significantly (R. hippsiders, r = 0.87, p < 0.001, M. mytis, r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Further characteristic species there is M. emarginatus (10.6 %) the numbers f which als increased significantly (r = 0.69, p < 0.001).

15 After the cave was clsed again in 1975, the number f hibernating bats increased (R. hippsiders, r = 0.95, p < 0.001, M. emarginatus, r = 0.78, p < 0.001) Cave f Na Turldu, CT ( ) Rhinlphus hippsiders Mytis emarginatus Other spp In the CT, the nly dminant species is R. hippsiders (92.2 %), remaining nine species are rare (less than 5 % each), M. emarginatus is mst abundant f them. Cnsiderable decrease in the number f bats in was caused by the destructin f the entrance gate (R. hippsiders, r = 0.95, p < 0.01).

16 Mines near Malá Mrávka, MMM ( ) All species in new spaces All species in standard spaces banding Significant increase in numbers f the whle bat cmmunity has been revealed since 1985 in standard spaces (SS) (r = 0.94 p < 0.001) and since 1994 in new spaces (NS) (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) Bat cmmunity in the MMM shws high species diversity. In six ut f 14 species recrded in standard spaces, the dminance values exceed 5 %: B. barbastellus (53.7 %), M. mytis (15.4 %), E. nilssnii (9.1 %), M. mystacinus/brandtii (8.5 %), M. daubentnii (5.8 %) and P. auritus (5.0 %). Three species dminate new spaces: M. mytis (49.4 %), R. hippsiders (35.3 %) and M. daubentnii (8.3 %).

Mines near Malá Mrávka, standard spaces Mytis mytis M. daubentnii N 100 Changes in numbers f M. mytis 80 60 40 20 0 N 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Changes in numbers f M.

17 Mines near Malá Mrávka, standard spaces Mytis mytis M. daubentnii N 100 Changes in numbers f M. mytis N Changes in numbers f M. daubentnii 1970/ / Eptesicus nilssnii Barbastella barbastellus N 400 Changes in numbers f B. barbastellus / The ppulatin develpment recrded in 7 species, viz, M. mytis (SS: r = 0.85, p < 0.001, NS: r = 0.94, P < 0.001), E. nilssnii (SS: r = 0.93, p < 0.001), M. daubentnii (SS: r = 0.79, p < 0.001), B. barbastellus (SS: r = 0.63, p < 0.01), P. auritus (SS: r = 0.79, p < 0.001), M. mystacinus/brandtii (SS: r = 0.77, p < 0.001) and R. hippsiders (NS: r = 0.90, p < 0.001)

18 CONCLUSION Similarly as in many ther C Eurpean mass hibernacula, significant increase in numbers f bats was recrded during the last decades, after winter marking has been abandned. In sme species, especially M. mytis and R. hippsiders, data btained in winter pssibly reflect a general psitive trend f ppulatin develpment. Acknwledgement The research was supprted by the Grants f Ministry f Educatin, Yuth and Sprts Ns. MSM and MSM and by the Czech Bat Cnservatin Trust. We thank T. Bartnička, J. Chytil, M. Kvařík and J. Zukal fr prviding their unpublished data.

19 Thank yu fr yur attentin Děkuji za pzrnst Dziękuję za uwagę

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