Melting the ash from biomass

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Jarmila Moravcová
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1 Ing. Karla Kryštofová Rožnov pod Radhoštěm 2015

2 Introduction The research was conducted on the ashes of bark mulch, as representatives of biomass. Determining the influence of changes in the chemical composition of ash from biomass at its melting temperature. Selected compounds of this evaluation were - KCl CaO, K 2 HPO 4

3 Biomass - chemical characterization Biomass is generally composed of an organic portion, which is rich in oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds and inorganic parts contained inside the organic structure. Ingredients: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oils, resins and starch. Important properties: moisture content, volatile substances, calorific value, ash content, melting point.

4 Melting temperature When raising the temperature in combustion plants is to change the physical properties of the ash. Melting point is the temperature at which all components are melted ash. According to the same temperature as the deformation of the ash after its complete melting, which may lead to malfunctions of combustion equipment such as watering gaps in grate slag.

5 Measurement fusibility Furnace with a digital display Carbolite for melting samples Inserting the samples to stand furnace

6 Changing the state of ashes Deformation temperature - DT Softening temperature - ST Hemisphere temperature - HT Flow temperature - FT DT C ST C HT C FT C

7 Fusibility of ash - alkali metals Representative for the effect of alkali metals - potassium, a mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) Mass potassium concentration - 1 %, 10 %, 20% Assumption: the melting temperature should be reduced, thanks to the influence of potassium Concentration DT C ST C HT C FT C 1 % % %

Temperature C VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA 1400 Bark mulch with KCl 1350 1300 1250 1200 1150

8 Temperature C VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA 1400 Bark mulch with KCl DT ST HT FT % 1% 10% 20% Contents K FORMY VÝSKYTU BLACK CARBON V OVZDUŠÍ, Ing. MAREK KUCBEL

9 Fusibility of ash alkaline earth elements Representative for the influence of alkaline earth elements - calcium, a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO) The mass concentration of calcium - 1 %, 10 %, 20% Assumption: The melting temperature should increase, thanks to the influence of calcium Concentration DT C ST C HT C FT C 1 % % % >1545

10 Temperature C VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA Bark mulch with CaO DT ST HT FT % 1% 10% 20% Contents Ca

11 Fusibility of ash - Phosphorus Effect of Phosphorus - potassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ) Mass phosphorus concentrations - 1 %, 10 %, 20% Assumption: the melting point of phosphorus dopants depends on the compound which is in a mixture of potassium hydrogen phosphate would increase the temperature Concentration DT C ST C HT C FT C 1 % % %

12 Temperature C VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA 1450 Bark mulch with K 2 HPO DT ST HT FT % 1% 10% 20% Contents P

13 Conclusion The admixture of potassium chloride (KCl): almost not affected melting ash KCl at about 900 C faded into the gas phase The admixture of calcium oxide (CaO): the assumption that the increasing concentration also increases the melting point of ash higher melting temperature reduces the possibility of the combustion device incrusts The admixture of potassium phosphate dibasic (K 2 HPO 4 ): also were the prerequisites that will grow with increasing concentrations of ash melting temperature

14 Temperature C 1550 VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA BÁŇSKÁ TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA OSTRAVA Melting temperatures for each sample % 1% 10% 20% 0% 1% 10% 20% 0% 1% 10% 20% KCl CaO K2HPO4 Admixture

15 Thank you for your attention Melting the ash fom biomass

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