Contents Part-I Chapters Pages 1. fo";-izosæ (Introductory) 3 11 (i) fgunh O;kd`j. ds` ikfjhkf"d` æcn vksj muds` vaxszth ÔikUrj 3 (ii) okd; ds` Hkx (Parts of a sentence) 4 (iii) æcn-hsn (Parts of Speech) 5 (iv) fojke-fpõ (Punctuation Marks) 5 (v) d`kjd` vksj muds` Hsn 6 (Cases and their Kinds) (vi) O;fDrokpd` lozukekí ds` fofhuu Ôi 7 (Different Forms of Personal Pronouns) (vii) viuk/viuh/vius,oa Lo;aokpd` lozuke 8 (Their Forms in English) (viii) lecu okpd`,oa iz'uokpd` lozuke 9 (Relative and Interrogative Pronouns) (ix) d`k vksj muds` [ M 9 (Tenses and Their Divisions) (x) dq`n fdz`;k-foæs".kí (Adverbs) ds` vaaxzsth ÔikUrj 10 (xi) okd;kí ds` izd`kj (Kinds of Sentences) 11 2. Some Primary/Basic Sentence Structures 12 31 dq`n izkfkfed` okd;-fou;kl Auxiliary Verbs lgk;d` fdz`;kvkí d`ks Finite Verbs eq ; fdz`;kvkí ds` Ôi eí iz;ksx d`jrs gq, Sentence Structures okd;- fou;kl (i) Is, Are, Am ls cuus ok s Structures 12 (ii) Was, Were ls cuus ok s Structures 17 (iii) Has, Have, Had ls cuus ok s Structures 21 (iv) Do, Does, Did ls cuus ok s Structures 29
( viii ) 3. Sentence Structures in Different Tenses 32 86 fhuu-fhuu d`k kí esa okd;-fou;kl Three Forms of Verbs 32 36 fdz`;kvkí ds` rhu Ôi Short Forms of the Terms used in this Book 36 36 bl iqlrd` eí iz;qdr dq`n lw( o lads`r (1) Structures in the Present Tense 37 53 (i) Simple Present or Present Indefinite Tense 37 lkeku; orzeku d`k (ii) Present Continuous Tense 41 viw.z ;k tkjh orzeku d`k (iii) Present Perfect Tense 45 iw.z orzeku d`k (iv) Present Perfect Continuous Tense 49 iw.z viw.z orzeku d`k (2) Structures in the Past Tense 53 70 (i) Simple Past or Past Indefinite Tense 53 lkeku; Hwrd`k (ii) Past Continuous Tense 57 viw.z ;k tkjh Hwrd`k (iii) Past Perfect Tense 61 iw.z Hwrd`k (iv) Past Perfect Continuous Tense 66 iw.z viw.z Hwrd`k (3) Structures in the Future Tense 70 86 (i) Simple Future or Future Indefinite Tense 71 lkeku; HfoÆ;d`k (ii) Future Continuous Tense 74 viw.z ;k tkjh HfoÆ;d`k (iii) Future Perfect Tense 78 iw.z HfoÆ;d`k (iv) Future Perfect Continuous Tense 82 iw.z viw.z HfoÆ;d`k 4. Structures of Interrogative Sentences 87 104 iz'uokpd` okd;ksa ds fou;kl (i) Interrogative Sentences Formed with verbs to be 87 ( To be fdz`;kvkí ls cuus ok s iz'uokpd` okd; (ii) Interrogative Sentences Formed with Has / Have / Had 88 (Has / Have / Had ls cuus ok s iz'uokpd` okd;
( ix ) (iii) Interrogative Sentences in Different Tenses 89 fhuu-fhuu d`k kí eí cuus ok s iz'uokpd` okd; (iv) Interrogative Sentences in the Present/Past/Future Indefinite Tenses 90 lkeku; orzeku/hwrd`k /HfoÆ;d`k ds iz'uokpd` okd; (v) Interrogative Sentences in the Present / Past / Future Continuous Tenses 92 viw.z orzeku / Hwrd`k / HfoÆ;d`k ds iz'uokpd` okd; (vi) Interrogative Sentences in the Present/ Past/Future Perfect Tenses 95 iw.z orzeku/hwrd`k /HfoÆ;d`k ds iz'uokpd` okd; (vii) Interrogative Sentences in the Present/Past/Future Perfect Continuous Tense 97 iw.z viw.z orzeku/hwrd`k /HfoÆ;d`k ds iz'uokpd` okd; (viii) Interrogative Sentences Formed with Interrogative Pronouns 100 iz'uokpd` lozuke ls cuus ok s iz'uokpd` okd; (ix) Interrogative Sentences Formed with Interrogative Adverbs 102 iz'uokpd fdz`;k fo'ks". ls cuus ok s iz'uokpd` okd; (x) Double Interrogative Sentences 103 nqgjs iz'uokpd` okd; 5. Structures of Negative Sentences 105 110 ud`kjkred` okd;ksa ds fou;kl (i) Negative Sentences Formed with No / Never 105 ( No / Never ls cuus ok s ud`kjkred` okd; (ii) Negative Sentences Formed with Not 106 ( Not ls cuus ok s ud`kjkred` okd; (iii) Some other Negative Expressions 109 dq`n vu; ud`kjkred in (iv) Short Forms of Some Negative Expressions 110 dq`n ud`kjkred` inkí ds laf{kir Ôi 6. Structures in the Passive Voice 111 122 d`ezokp; eí okd;-fou;kl (i) Passive Structures in Different Tenses 112 fhuu-fhuu d`k kí eí d`ezokp; ds` fou;kl
( x ) (ii) Passive Structures of Interrogative Sentences 117 iz'uokpd` okd;kí d`k d`ezokp; eí fou;kl (iii) Passive Structures of Imperative Sentences 120 vknsækred` okd;kí d`k d`ezokp; eí fou;kl 7. Structures of Sentences in Indirect Narration 123 128 vizr;{k d`fku eí okd;-fou;kl (i) Rules of Connectives 123 lecu -d`kjd` æcn (ii) Changes in Pronouns 124 lozukekí eí ifjorzu (iii) Changes in Tenses 125 d`k [ MkÍ eí ifjorzu (iv) Miscellaneous Changes 126 vu; ifjorzu 8. Structures of Question Tags or Tail Questions 129 132 la Xud` iz'ukí ds` fou;kl 9. Structures of Short Responses or Short Replies 133 138 laf{kir m jkí ds fou;kl 10. Structures of Conditional Sentences 139 142 ærzlwpd` okd;kí ds` fou;kl 11. Structures of Imperative Sentences 143 146 vkkk-izkfkzuk lwpd` okd;kí ds` fou;kl 12. Structures of Optative Sentences 147 148 bpnk] vkæk] vfh k"kcks d` okd;kí ds` fou;kl 13. Structures of Exclamatory Sentences 149 151 fole;cks d` okd;kí ds` fou;kl 14. Structures of Sentences with Introductory There 152 154 ( There ls æqô gksus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 15. Structures of Sentences with Introductory It 155 158 ( It ls æqô gksus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 16. Structures of Sentences Beginning with a Phrase or Clause 159 160 fd`lh Phrase ;k Clause ls æqô gksus ok s okd;kí ds fou;kl 17. Structures of Emphatic or Compelling Sentences 161 164 c nsrs gq, ;k ck ;d`kjh okd;kí ds` fou;kl
( xi ) 18. Structures of Causative Sentences 165 168 izsjd` okd;kí ds` fou;kl 19. Structures of Sentences Beginning with a Negative Expression 169 170 ud`kjkred` in ls vkjeh gksus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 20. Structures of Sentences using Be + going to 171 172 ( Be + going to ds` iz;ksx ls cuus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 21. Structures of Sentences using Be + Infinitive 173 174 (Be + Infinitive ls cuus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 22. Structures of Sentences using Need and Dare 175 179 ( Need vksj Dare ds` iz;ksx ls cuus ok s okd;kí ds` fou;kl 23. Use of Different Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases 180 194 fhuu-fhuu fdz`;k foæs". æcnkí vksj inkí ds` iz;ksx (i) Time-Showing d`k lwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 180 (ii) Place-Showing LFkkulwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 183 (iii) Conditional ærzlwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 187 (iv) Reason/Cause-Showing d`kj.lwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 188 (v) Result-Showing ifj.kelwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 188 (vi) Concession-showing ;»filwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 189 (vii) Correlative Words ikjlifjd`iwjd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 190 (viii) Adverbial Phrases and Conjunctions 192 fdz`;k foæs".,oa lecu lwpd` æcn vksj muds` iz;ksx 24. Passages for Translation into English (1) Solved vuqokfnr Passages 195 199 (2) Passages for Practice 199 205 25. Words and Phrases Relating to Courtesy, Etiquette and Good Manners in Hindi and English 206 210 uezrk] fæævkpkj,oa lnωo;ogkj ls lecfu r æcn,oa okd;kaæ fgunh vksj vaxzsth eí 26. Sentences of Everyday Use Translated from Hindi into English 211 242 fnu-izfrfnu iz;ksx eí vkus ok s okd;kí d`k fgunh ls vaxzsth eí vuqokn Lokxr] fe u,oa fonkbz (211); U;okn,oa d~`rkrk (213); c kbz,oa æqhd`keuk, (213); fo'okl,oa izksrlkgu (215); Lusg,oa izæalk (216); [sn vksj {kek ;kpuk (217); lgkuqhwfr,oa lkurouk (218);
( xii ) æksd` vksj laosnuk (219); HkX;æk h ;k nqhkzx;æk h (220); izkfkzuk (221); fueu(. (222); fueu(.-i( d`h Lohd~`fr (222); fueu(.-i( d`ks Lohd`kj d`jus eí vlefkzrk (223); Lohd~`fr,oa lgefr (224); vlohd~`fr,oa vlgefr (225); vuqefr (225); eukgh (226); vkkk,oa funszæ (228); ukjktxh (230); dz`ks (232); >xmèk (233); Hkstu vksj Hkstu-lEcU h vknrí (234); le; vksj d`k (236); eksle vksj )`rq;sa (237); Hkocks d` æcn,oa okd; (239); dq`n vu; æcn,oa okd;kaæ (240). 27. The Same Hindi Word used in Different Contexts 243 258 fgunh ds`,d` gh æcn d`k fhuu-fhuu lanhksû eí vuqokn d`kvuk (243); nsuk (244); suk (245); NksMÈuk (245); ns[uk (246); p uk (247); xuk (247); d`juk (248); [ks uk (249); j[uk (250); fe±h (250); :i;k/ u (251); kh/œ`k;nk (252); ckr/ckr d`juk (253); d`ke (254); uke (254); cmèk (255); idd`k (256); NksVk (257); iqjkuk/izkphu/mez (258). 28. Idioms eqgkojkí d`k vuqokn 259 263 29. Phrases okd;kaækí d`k vuqokn 264 265 30. Phrases in Pairs tksmèkí eí cus okd;kaæ 266 267 31. Idiomatic Comparisons eqgkojsnkj rq uk;í 268 269 32. Proverbs ksd`ksfdr;kí d`k vuqokn 270 276 33. Formation of Genders f ax ifjorzu 277 279 34. Conversion of Numbers opu eí ikjlifjd` ifjorzu 280 284 35. Degrees of Adjective foæs". d`h rhu Jsf.;k 285 288 36. Appropriate Prepositions (Prepositions ds` lgh iz;ksx 289 307 Part II 1. vaxzsth vksj fgunh ds` okd;-fou;klkí d`k rq ukred` fo' s". 308 312 2. dq`n egroiw.z funszæ 312 3. dq`n vuqokfnr vuqpnsn 313 316 4. v ;kl ds` f, vuqpnsn 316 324