Zvyšování kvality výuky technických oborů Klíčová aktivita II.2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky směřující k rozvoji odborných kompetencí žáků středních škol Téma II.2.2 English and American Life and Institutions Kapitola 21 Life in Great Britain (part 1) Ing. Martin Fišer 15.12.2012
Obsah ÚVOD - ANOTACE... 1 1 LIFE IN GREAT BRITAIN (PART 1)... CHYBA! ZÁLOŽKA NENÍ DEFINOVÁNA.2 1.1 FAMILY... 2 1.2 WHAT DO BRITISH PEOPLE LIKE DOING AT THE WEEKEND?... 2 1.3 WORKING IN BRITAIN... 4 2 POUŽITÁ LITERATURA A ZDROJE... 6
Úvod - anotace Výukový materiál je primárně určen pro žáky 3. a 4. ročníků čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou (39-41-L/01 Autotronik, 33-42-M/01 Nábytkářská a dřevařská výroba, 23-45-M/01 Dopravní prostředky, 36-45-M/01 Technická zařízení budov, 39-41-L/002 Mechanik instalatérských a elektrotechnických zařízení budov) a 2. ročníků nástavbového studia (23-43-L/51 Provozní technika, 64-41-L/51 Podnikání). Materiál lze rovněž v nezměněné podobě využít při výuce nadanějších žáků v nižších ročnících uvedených oborů indidualizaci výuky. V 1. a 2. ročnících čtyřletých oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou a ve všech ročnících oborů zakončených maturitní zkouškou lze využít ty části výukového materiálu zaměřené na rozšíření a procvičení slovní zásoby. V rámci seznámení se s problematikou reálií a života v anglicky mluvících zemí je výukový materiál vhodné použít jako podpůrný a doplňkový studijní materiál v předmětu Anglický jazyk. Jednotlivá témata korespondují s tématickými plány vypracovanými v souladu s ŠVP pro dané obory a vycházejí z požadavků RVP. Jazyková úroveň výukového materiálu je v souladu s požadavky úrovně Intermadiate - B1 (středně pokročilý) Společného evropského referenčního rámce pro jazyky. Témata výukového materiálu korespondují s obsahovou náplní a zaměřením běžně používaných učebnic pro výuku anglického jazyka na středních školách. Výukový materiál je koncipován jako ucelený soubor a lze je tudíž ve výuce i při následném samostudiu používat odděleně. Před použitím výukového materiálu se doporučuje vytisknout jej tak, aby každý žák měl svůj vlastní, jelikož je možno do něj přímo zapisovat a plnit předepsané úkoly. Kapitola zahrnuje souvislý text, jenž je souhrnným představením daného tématu. Následují cvičení zaměřená na kontrolu porozumění textu nebo na další prohloubení, či rozšíření znalostí, jazykových dovedností nebo slovní zásoby. Vypracoval Ing. Martin Fišer 1
1 Life in Great Britain (part 1) 1.1 Family The family in Britain is changing. The typical British family headed by two parents has undergone changes during the twentieth century. In particular there has been a rise in the number of single-person households. By the year 2020, it will probably be that there will be more single people than married people. Fifty years ago this would have been socially unacceptable in Britain. In the past, people got married and stayed married. Divorce was very difficult, expensive and took a long time. Today, people's views on marriage are changing. Many couples, mostly in their twenties or thirties, live together (cohabit) without getting married. In the past, people married before they had children, but now about 40% of children in Britain are born to unmarried (cohabiting) parents. People are generally getting married at a later age now and many women do not want to have children immediately. They prefer to concentrate on their jobs and put off having a baby until late thirties. The number of single-parent families is increasing. This is mainly due to more marriages ending in divorce, but some women are also choosing to have children as lone parents without being married. Family size - On average 2.4 people live as a family in one home Britain. This is smaller than most other European countries. 1 1.2 What do British people like doing at the weekend? The weekends are a time for families in Britain. Parents are not at work having worked a five day week from Monday to Friday. Saturdays are usually a busy time for shopping. Sundays used to be a very special day of the week in Britain. It was the one day of the week for 'worship and rest'. The shops were closed and most people were at home or at church. Popular leisure activities on Sunday used to be going to church and doing odd jobs around the home such as gardening and DIY. Until a few years ago shops were not permitted to open on a Sunday. Sundays today are becoming like any other day other week with shops open. Some families will now spend their time shopping rather than going to church or they will combine the two activities. However the shopping hours on a Sunday are less than on any other day of the week. 1 http://www.anglik.net/britishlife.htm 2
How do people spend their free time? People enjoy various indoor and outdoor activities in Britain. People in Britain spend about 45% of their free time watching television, 24% of their free time socializing, 22-23% on sport and hobbies, and 10% on other activities. Other popular leisure activities are listening to the radio, listening to pre-recorded music, reading, DIY, gardening, eating out and going to the cinema. 2 Television and Radio The most common leisure activity in the UK is watching TV. The average viewing time is 25 hours per person per week. People in Britain listen to an average 16 hours each week. Entertaining The second most popular activity in Britain is visiting or entertaining friends or relations. Adults go out and visit friends at least once a week. Cinema (Movie house) Visiting to the cinema is one of the most popular cultural activity in the UK. Eating out Eating out has grown in popularity. People like going to McDonalds at least once a week. Sometimes they have a pizza delivered to our house. Occasionally they go to a restaurant but it is more expensive. Homes and Gardens The British are known as a nation of gardeners. Most people have a garden on their property. Gardening has been a popular pastime since Roman times. Many people in Britain are proud of their houses and gardens. They want their houses and gardens to look nice. Every town in Britain has one or more DIY (Do it Yourself) centres and garden centres. These are like supermarkets for the home and garden. These places are very popular with British home-owners at the weekends. Shopping and sports Saturday is traditionally the day for shopping and watching sports. Sports and physical recreation have always been popular. Local governments provide cheap sport and leisure facilities such as swimming pools, tennis courts, parks and golf courses. People go to watch other people play sports like football or take part in sports themselves. Pubs (Public Houses) Going to the pub is the most popular leisure activity outside the home. Holidays Two-thirds of all British people have their holidays in July and August, which are the most popular months for holidays. English school children are on holiday from the end of July to the beginning of September. 2 http://www.ukstudentlife.com/britain.htm 3
The traditional British holiday is at the seaside. Children used to watch a Punch and Judy show (puppets) and ride donkeys along a beach. 3 4 1.3 Working in Britain There are about 3.7 million businesses in the UK. About 75% of British jobs are in service industries - hotels, restaurants, travel, shopping, and computer and finances. It is the fastest growing business and employs over twenty million people. The Working Day The usual working day starts at 9am and finishes by 5pm. Most people work a five-day week. The working week is, on average, the longest of any country in Europe. Although there is a law saying that workers do not have to work more than 48 hours a week if they don't want to about 22% of British workers do work more than a 48-hour a week. Paid Holidays British employers must give their workers 24 days paid holiday a year. 5 6 TASK 1 - Complete the text below with the correct form of these words: last, contest, sign, break, split up, break down, work Prenuptial Agreement In many countries couples sometimes 1)... a contract before they get married called a prenuptial agreement which states in writing what will happen to their money and possessions, if the marriage 2).... It isn't surprising that some of these marriages don't 3)... long. Before it has even started, the happy couple are already planning what to do when the marriage doesn't 4).... Moreover, a prenuptial agreement only works if both partners are reasonable. But what happens if one person doesn't want to 5)... and 6)... the 3 http://www.anglik.net/britishlife.htm 4 British Language & Culture 5 http://www.anglik.net/britishlife.htm 6 Britain - Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture 4
divorce? What happens if someone tries to 7)... the contract? Well, what it really means is lots of work and money for the lawyers! TASK 2 Below are some things that most people do every day. Put them in the order you do them. have breakfast... watch TV... put on your shoes... start working... put on slippers... take off pyjamas... wash your hair... go to bed... get dressed... have lunch... turn off the light... get up... wake up... clean shoes... have dinner... have a shower... make your bed... shave... come home... have coffee/tea... catch the bus... go to school... do exercises... take off shoes... brush your hair... put on a coat... visit friends... wash hands... 5
2 Použitá literatura a zdroje British Lifestyle. [citace 27.11.2012]. Dostupné z http://www.anglik.net/britishlife.htm Great Britain. [citace 12.10.2012]. Dostupné z http://www.ukstudentlife.com/britain.htm Kuperard, C. BRITAIN - CULTURE SMART!: the essential guide to customs & culture. Reprinted edition edition, 2006. ISBN-10: 185733311 Lonely Planet, British Language & Culture, Lonely Planet Language & Culture, 2nd edition, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-1864502862 6