Notes on some European species of the genus Crepidotus

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1 C z e c h M y c o l. 57(3-4): , 2005 Notes on some European species of the genus Crepidotus ( Agaricales) Z d e n ě k P o u z a r Nad Královskou oborou 23, Praha 7, Czech Republic Pouzar Z. (2005): Notes on some European species of the genus Crepidotus (Agaricales). - Czech Mycol. 57(3-4): Some European species o f the genus Crepidotus were revised with regard to their taxonomical value. Crepidotus applanatus var. subglobiger sensu Senn-Irlet is described as the new species C. stenocystis Pouzar, C. acerinus Vacek is included in C. mollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Staude, Agaricus zahlbruckneri Beck is confirmed as a synonym o f C. cesatii (Rabenh.) Sacc., C. caspari Velen, is merged with C. lundellii Pilát (a younger synonym) and C. lundellii var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pilát is hence combined as C. caspari var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pouzar. C. sambuci Velen, is considered a dubious name. K ey words: Agaricales, Crepidotus, taxonomy, nomenclature Pouzar Z. (2005): Poznámky k některým evropským druhům rodu Crepidotus (Agaricales). - Czech Mycol. 57(3-4): Některé evropské druhy rodu Crepidotus byly revidovány z taxonomického a nomenklatorického pohledu. C. applanatus var. subglobiger sensu Senn-Irlet je popisován jako nový druh C. stenocystis Pouzar, C. acerinus Vacek je ztotožněn s C. m ollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Staude, Agaricus zahlbruckneri Beck je potvrzen jako synonymum druhu C. cesatii (Rabenh.) Sacc., C. caspari Velen, je ztotožněn s C. lundellii Pilát (mladší synonymum) a pro C. lundellii var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pilát je navržena kombinace C. caspari var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pouzar. C. sambuci Velen, je pokládán za pochybný druh. INTRODUCTION During the preparation of a key to the identification of the species of the genus Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude of the Czech Republic (Pouzar 2005) some taxonomic problems appeared and a solution was proposed. A part of these results is published here. The collection of the Mycological Department of the National Museum in Prague (PRM) and partly also the collection of the Department of Botany of Charles University in Prague (PRC) was the main source of the material, together with a new collecting made in autumn 2004 in Prague. Particularly useful was the material collected in the Šumava Mountains and perfectly dried by J. Holec (preserved in PRM). 299

2 Czech M yc o l. 57(3^1): ,2005 M a t e r ia l a n d m e t h o d s The spore ornamentation is described from material mounted in Melzer s reagent. Herbarium specimens are those of the Mycological Department of the National Museum in Prague (PRM) and the Department of Botany of Charles University in Prague (PRC). R e s u l t s a n d d is c u s s io n Crepidotus stenocystis Pouzar spec. nov. Figs. 4-7 Diagnosis latina: Carposomata in inventute cum stipite brevi, laterali, maturitate pileus (0,5-) 1-3 cm latus cum margine primo involute, consinstentia carposomatum molliter subceracea; superficies pilei hygrophana, alba vel griseo- alba usque lutea vel ochraceo-lutea, glabra vel leviter pubescens. Lamellae sparsae, usque 3 mm latae, primo albidae, postea griseo-brunneae, nonnumquam tinctu roseolo. Sporae (5-)6-7,5(-8) pm, globosae, ad apiculum abrupte contractae, luteo-umbrinae. Basidia x 8-10 pm, basim 3-4 pm lata, breviter clavata, cum sterigmatibus quatuoribus 6,5 x 2 pm. Cheilocystidia pm longa, in parte distante 6-8 pm lata et in parte inferiore 8-12,5 pm lata, lageniformia seu cylindrica ex parte majore haud clavata (prorsus singulariter clavata), tenuiter tunicata, hyalina, glabra. Pleurocystidia absunt. Pileocystidia (25-)35-70 pm longa, 5-7 pm (raro 9,5-11 pm) lata in parte distale, 5-11 pm lata in parte inferiore, prorsus singulariter clavata, hyalina, raro cum tinctu leviter brunneolo, pariete haud incressata. Omnes hyphae fibulatae. Holotypus: Bohemia, montes Šumava, ap. ostio rivuli Slatinný potok prope Modrava, ad truncum iacentem: Picea abies, 1. X. 1994, leg. Z. Pouzar, in herbario Musei Nationalis Pragae asservatur (PRM ). Detailed description in English: see Senn-Irlet (1995), p. 41 (as C. applanatus var. subglobiger Singer). S p ecim en s s tu d ie d (all from Bohemia; western part of the Czech Republic): montes Šumava, mons Smrčina prope Nová Pec, in colie situ sept.-or., silva mixta, 1130 m s. m., Abies alba: ad truncum iacentem, 25. IX. 1997, leg. J. Holec, PRM Šumava, Plechý, prope Nová Pec, 0,5 km sept-occid. ab culmine, 1330 m s. m., Picetum, ad truncum putridum Piceae abietis, 26. Vlil. 1996, leg. J. Holec, PRM Šumava, Žlebský kopec, mer.-occid. versus České Žleby, 1000 m s. m., silva mixta, Abies alba: ad truncum putridum, 13. IX. 1999, leg. J. Holec, PRM Šumava, ap. ostio Slatinný potok prope Modrava, ad truncum iacentem Piceae abietis, cca 1000 m s. m., 1. X. 1994, leg. Z. Pouzar, PRM , holotypus. - Šumava, Povydří, inter Horní Hrádky et Rokyta, 1,3 km sept.-occid. versus Antýgl, Picea abies, ad truncum iacentem 17. IX. 1998, leg. J. Holec, PRM Šumava, in valle rivi Vydra inter Čeňkova Pila et Rejštejn, in codice: Picea abies, 5. DC 1970, leg. M. Svrček (1945/70), PRM Český les, area tuta Bystřice ap. Pec pr. Domažlice, cca 730 m s. m., Picea abies: ad codicem, 27. IX 1989, leg. Z. Pouzar, PRM Brdy, prope domům,amerika ap. Strašice, Abies alba: in codice, 23. IX 1925, leg. K. Kavina, PRM

3 p o u z a r Z.: N o t e s o n som e E u r o p e a n s p e c ie s o f t h e g e n u s Cr e p id o t u s v- c 3hI sm I H H n i EiSB H H IH t l i Figs Crepidotus applanatus, cheilocystidia (Bohemia, Šumava, Ždanidla, Fagus sylvatica, 9. VII. 1998, leg. J. Holec, PRM ). Fig. 4. Crepidotus stenocystis, cheilocystidium (Bohemia, Šumava, inter Horní Hrádky et Rokyta, Picea abies, 17. IX. 1998, leg. J. Holec, PRM ). c: cheilocystidia. Scale bars = 10 Jim. Photographed by Jan Holec. 301

4 Czech Myc o l. 57(3-4 ): , 2005 i % V I f ' /; ^ ^ V * * Figs Crepidotus stenocystis, cheilocystidia (Bohemia, Šumava, inter Horní Hrádky et Rokyta, Picea abies, 17. IX. 1998, leg. J. Holec, PRM ). Scale bars = 10 im. Photographed by Jan Holec. 302

5 p o u z a r z.: N o t e s o n som e E u r o p e a n s p e c ie s o f t h e g e n u s Cr e p i d o t u s Notes: Crepidotus stenocystis is closely related to Crepidotus applanatus (Pers.) P. Kumm., but differs not only in anatomical characters, but also ecologically. The principal difference is in the shape of the cheilocystidia, which are mostly attenuated in their upper half (Figs. 4-7), whereas in C. applanatus most of them are broadened towards the end (Figs. 1-3), here being mostly capitate. The same relates to the cystidia present in some parts of the pileus cuticle. C. stenocystis occurs solely on wood of Picea and Abies in the Czech Republic (in other countries also on Pinus), especially on prostrate trunks and on stumps. It is so far known in the Czech Republic only from the mountains and has not been collected at lower altitudes. Nevertheless it is known in the Netherlands from a low altitude and it is probable that its occurrence is rather dependent on humid climatic conditions. This fungus is well described with a delineation of its microscopic structures by Senn-Irlet (1995) on p. 39 and 41, where it is named C. applanatus var. subglobiger Singer. This name, however, cannot be applied to our fungus. In the original description (Singer 1973) its cheilocystidia are characterised as clavate ventricose and with a slight constriction between the upper and lower ventricosity..., whereas in our fungus they are narrower in their upper part and broadened in their basal part. Moreover, C. applanatus var. subglobiger was described according to material from Mexico where it was collected on wood of oak. Therefore it can be concluded that our European fungus is different from the Mexican one. As our material from Bohemian mountains displayed a fairly high level of stability in the character of the cystidia, it appears that it represents rather a separate species than a mere variety. Crepidotus acerinus Vacek, Studia Bot. Čechoslovaca 10: 132, Holotype: Bohemia, Karlštejn, ad truncum (Acer pseudoplatanus) inter muscos, 30. VI. 1945, leg. V. Vacek, PRM The type specimen of Crepidotus acerinus Vacek agrees microscopically well with Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff: Fr.) Staude. Spores are entirely smooth, clamps on hyphal septa absent and a gelatinous layer is present. Carpophores are smaller than usual, but such a form rarely occurs in Central Bohemia. C. acerinus is certainly not C. calolepis (Fr.) P. Karst., as the surface of the pileus lacks brownish scales. Hence C. acerinus is a synonym of C. mollis. A garicus zahlbruckneri Beck, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien 39: 613, Holotype: Austria, NO, Sonntagsberg, IX. 1888, leg. A. Zahlbruckner (herb. Beck 964), PRM (depon. ut Claudopus zahlbruckneri). The holotype is quite a typical Crepidotus cesatii (Rabenh.) Sacc. Especially important is the form of the spores, which are mostly subglobose (up to 7.2 pm wide). The identity of this fungus was already indicated by Pilát (1948a, 1948b). 303

6 CZECH M yc o l. 57 (3-4 ): , 2005 Crepidotus caspari Velenovský, Mykologia, Praha, 3: 70, Holotype: Praha, Petřín, ad terram in horto publico, XI. 1925, leg. Antonin Kašpar 0, PRM The type specimen represents an average form of Crepidotus lundellii Pilát 1935, a fungus which is rather common in Prague and its close vicinity. The cheilocystidia of the type specimen are broadly lageniform, clamps on the hyphal septa are richly present and the spores are 8-9 x 5-6 pm, ellipsoidal or amygdaliform in side view, irregularly and faintly rugulose. The name Crepidotus caspari Velen, should be used as the correct name for C. lundellii Pilát, as this is the oldest name for this rather common fungus. C. caspari is not related to C. autochthonus J. E. Lange, as has been supposed so far (Pilát 1948a, 1948b). C. autochthonus is characterised by an entirely glabrous spore-wall. Crepidotus caspari var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pouzar comb. nov. Basionym: Crepidotus versutus var. subglobisporus Pilát, Sborník Nár. Musea v Praze, vol. 2 B, no. 3: 74, Syn.: Crepidotus lundellii var. subglobisporus (Pilát) Pilát, Atlas champ. Europe 6: 50, This is a rare fungus described originally from Ukraine (Transcarpathian region) known now also from Slovakia (Dobroč virgin forest, PRM ). Spores of this variety are distinctly shorter (in the original diagnosis x 4.5 pm) than in the typical Crepidotus caspari - hence shortly ellipsoidal. Crepidotus versutus (Peck) Sacc., under which Pilát originally placed his var. subglobisporus, is a completely different species, characteristic i.e. by the absence of clamps. Crepidotus sambuci Velenovský, České houby 4-5: 919, Holotype: Bohemia, Slivenec, X. 1921, leg. J. Velenovský, PRC (bottle no. 117). The type is preserved in conservation liquid (alcohol + formaldehyde) and a study of the anatomy of the carpophores is rather difficult, as all their parts are hard due to the influence of the preservation liquid. The spores are completely glabrous, without any ornamentation, which is rather surprising; it cannot be excluded that the ornamentation has been destroyed by the liquid. For the time being Crepidotus sambuci should be considered an unidentifiable species due to the bad state of the holotype. Interpretations of C. sambuci in literature were commented by Senn-Irlet (1995, p. 59, 73). * The epithet caspari" is derived from the latinised form o f the personal name Kašpar (= Casparus). The name was dedicated by J. Velenovský to Antonín Kašpar ( ), a school principal in 304 Prague, who contributed some collections to Velenovský s study o f fungi (Cejp, Věda Porodní 20: 95, 1940).

7 P o u z a r Z.: N o t e s o n s o m e E u r o p e a n s p e c ie s o f t h e g e n u s Crepidotus R e f e r e n c e s PILÁT A. (1948a): Evropské druhy trepkovitek Crepidotus Fr. - In: Pilát A., ed., Atlas hub evropských 6: 1-78, tab PILÂT A. (1948b): Monographie des espèces européennes du genre Crepidotus Fr. - In: Pilát A., éd., Atlas des champignons de l Europe 6: 1-78, tab POUZAR Z. (2005): Klíč k určování našich trepkovitek (Crepidotus) a poznámky k nim. [A key to our species of the genus Crepidotus and notes to them], - Mykol. Listy 93: 1-9. SENN-lRLET B. (1995): The genus Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude in Europe. - Persoonia 16: SINGER R. (1973): The genera Marasmietlus, Crepidotus and Simocybe in the Neotropics. - Beih. Nova Hedwigia44: