Time to Practise. Velká sbírka cvičení z anglické gramatiky. Slovesné jevy. Sarah Peters Tomáš Gráf

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1 Time to Practise Velká sbírka cvičení z anglické gramatiky Sarah Peters Tomáš Gráf 1 Slovesné jevy

2 12. Modální slovesa Úroveň A can (1 7); must (8 12); have to (13 15); could a may ve zdvořilostních otázkách (16); vyjadřování nabídek a návrhů pomocí shall (17 18) Úroveň B opisy be able to, be allowed to a have to v různých časech (19 28); podmiňovací could s přítomným infinitivem (29 30); should s přítomným infinitivem (31 34); should v kombinaci s opisy modálních sloves (35) Úroveň C can před see, hear, smell, taste, feel (36 37); vyjadřování možnosti v přítomnosti a budoucnosti pomocí may/might (38 43); vyjadřování jistoty pomocí must/can t (44 47); vyjadřování pravděpodobnosti pomocí should (48); vyjadřování možnosti, jistoty a pravděpodobnosti: smíšené příklady (49); volba mezi must a have to (50); be supposed to a should (51); had better (52 53); would rather + infinitiv (54)*; volba mezi would rather a had better (55 56) Úroveň D vyjadřování možnosti a jistoty v minulosti prostřednictvím may/might, must, can t s minulým infinitivem (57 60); could a needn t s minulým infinitivem (61 62); should s minulým infinitivem (63 64); smíšené příklady užití modálních sloves s minulým infinitivem (65 67); volba mezi could a be able to (68); volba mezi didn t have to do a needn t have done (69); ought to s přítomným a minulým infinitivem (70 71); won t work, wouldn t work (72 74) Úroveň E vyjadřování jistoty pomocí will: přítomný infinitiv (75), minulý infinitiv (76); přípustkové věty s may/might (77); should nahrazující konjunktiv (78); should ve významu snad (79) * Poznámka. Užití would rather v souvětích s dvěma podměty viz 17. kapitola Podmiňovací způsob, konjunktiv a příbuzné jevy. Úroveň A 1. Sestavte oznamovací věty s can bez užití stažených tvarů. a) I help them f) she not stay here k) they not decide b) Anna choose g) Ben not ski at all l) I phone you later c) we ask reception h) you try it m) he not use it d) they start tomorrow i) Dad come with us n) that happen anytime e) he not answer that j) that not be easy o) we not leave today Ve kterých z utvořených vět by se dal užít stažený tvar? CD2/22 2. Poslouchejte a opakujte věty tak, že užijete stažený tvar. Vzor: (nahrávka: I cannot come.) > I can t come. a) John cannot speak French. f) She cannot sleep. b) I cannot open it. g) They cannot find it. c) We cannot start yet. h) Rob cannot drink wine. d) She cannot show anyone. i) Mr Jones cannot see you now. e) I cannot watch that. j) We cannot sit here. 3. Yes, they can. No, they can t. Odpovězte krátce na dotazy pod jednotlivými obrázky. a) Can John swim? b) Can Rita cook? c) Can Clive tell jokes? d) Can Gary and Gloria dance? 180 can (1 3)

3 12. Modal verbs Level A can (1 7); must (8 12); have to (13 15); could and may in polite questions (16); expressing suggestions and offers using shall (17 18) Level B periphrastic be able to, be allowed to and have to in various tenses (19 28); conditional could with present infinitive (29 30); should with present infinitive (31 34); should combined with suppletive forms of modal verbs (35) Level C can before see, hear, smell, taste and feel (36 37); expressing possibility in the present and future using may/might (38 43); expressing certainty using must/can t (44 47); expressing likelihood using should (48); expressing possibility, certainty and likelihood: miscellaneous examples (49); choosing between must and have to (50); be supposed to and should (51); had better (52 53); would rather + infinitive (54)*; choosing between would rather and had better (55 56) Level D expressing possibility and certainty using may/might, must and can t with perfect infinitive (57 60); could and needn t with perfect infinitive (61 62); should with perfect infinitive (63 64); miscellaneous examples using modal verbs with perfect infinitive (65 67); choosing between could and be able to (68); choosing between didn t have to do and needn t have done (69); ought to with present and perfect infinitive (70 71); won t work, wouldn t work (72 74) Level E expressing certainty using will: present infinitive (75), perfect infinitive (76); clauses of concession using may/might (77); should in place of subjunctive (78); should in the sense of snad (79) * Note. For practice in using would rather in sentences with two subjects see 17. Conditional, subjunctive and related structures. Level A 1. Form declarative sentences with can without using contracted forms. a) I can help them. f) She cannot stay here. k) They cannot decide. b) Anna can choose. g) Ben cannot ski at all. l) I can phone you later. c) We can ask at reception. h) You can try it. m) He cannot use it. d) They can start tomorrow. i) Dad can come with us. n) That can happen anytime. e) He cannot answer that. j) That cannot be easy. o) We cannot leave today. In which of your sentences might contracted forms be used? Stažený tvar by se dal užít ve všech záporných větách, tj.: e) He can t answer that.; f) She can t stay here.; g) Ben can t ski at all.; j) That can t be easy.; k) They can t decide.; m) He can t use it.; o) We can t leave today. 2. Listen and repeat using contracted forms. a) John can t speak French. f) She can t sleep. b) I can t open it. g) They can t find it. c) We can t start yet. h) Rob can t drink wine. d) She can t show anyone. i) Mr Jones can t see you now. e) I can t watch that. j) We can t sit here. 3. Yes, they can. No, they can t. Give short replies to the questions below the pictures. a) Can John swim? ~ No, he can t. b) Can Rita cook? ~ Yes, she can. c) Can Clive tell jokes? ~ No, he can t. d) Can Gary and Gloria dance? ~ Yes, they can. can (1 3) 181

4 12. Modální slovesa CD2/23 4. Poslouchejte otázky a odpovídejte krátce podle daných nápovědí. Vzor: a) (nahrávka: Can we start now?) > No, you can t. a) no b) yes c) yes d) no e) yes f) no g) yes h) yes i) no j) no a) Can we start now? f) Can your parents come too? b) Can Susan play tennis? g) Can I speak to Adam, please? c) Can you imagine that? h) Can we sit down? d) Can you hear me? i) Can you remember that? e) Can Tom speak Italian? j) Can your wife drive? 5. Tvořte otázky s can. a) you wait here please e) Joe play the guitar i) you smell it b) I help with that f) we meet outside j) I bring a friend c) you teach me that g) you be quiet k) Helen speak Czech d) we park here h) anyone explain that l) they see us 6. Doplňte can, nebo can t a jedno z uvedených sloves. Užijte každé sloveso jen jednou. begin buy decide enjoy give pay refuse sell show sit sleep use a) You fresh fruit and vegetables much more cheaply at the market. b) If I drink coffee in the evening I at night. c) Yes, you in euro if you want to. d) I think it s an offer we. e) I m afraid we you your money back without a receipt. f) If everyone s ready the meeting. g) You here if it s more comfortable. h) But I it to you if I haven t got it with me. i) I which one suits me best. j) But we it. It s not ours. k) She says you it if you re very careful with it. l) Sshh! I this music when you re making all that noise. 7. Sloveso can. Přeložte. a) Ale tomu nemůžeme věřit. h) Můžete si vzpomenout, co se stalo? b) Nemohu uvěřit svým očím. i) Můžeš mi slíbit jednu věc? c) Ona umí maďarsky. j) Jak tohle můžete poslouchat? d) Můžeme se sejít po škole. k) Nemůžeš něco navrhnout ty? e) Můžeš mě probudit v šest? l) Víc než tohle nemůžeme očekávat. f) Ten den nemohu zapomenout. m) Nemůžeš se trochu víc snažit? g) Můžu mít na sobě džíny? n) Nemůžeš mi alespoň dát její ovou adresu? 8. Co podle vás říkají tito lidé? Napište ke každému obrázku větu s must. a) d) e) c) b) 182 can (4 7); must (8)

5 12. Modal verbs 4. Listen to the questions and give short replies using the given cues. a) No, you can t. f) No, they can t. b) Yes, she can. g) Yes, you can. c) Yes, I can. h) Yes, you can. d) No, I can t. i) No, I can t. e) Yes, he can. j) No, she can t. 5. Form questions with can. a) Can you wait here, please? e) Can Joe play the guitar? i) Can you smell it? b) Can I help with that? f) Can we meet outside? j) Can I bring a friend? c) Can you teach me that? g) Can you be quiet? k) Can Helen speak Czech? d) Can we park here? h) Can anyone explain that? l) Can they see us? 6. Insert can or can t and one of the given verbs. a) You can buy fresh fruit and vegetables much more cheaply at the market. b) If I drink coffee in the evening I can t sleep at night. c) Yes, you can pay in euro if you want to. d) I think it s an offer we can t refuse. e) I m afraid we can t give you your money back without a receipt. f) If everyone s ready the meeting can begin. g) You can sit here if it s more comfortable. h) But I can t show it to you if I haven t got it with me. i) I can t decide which one suits me best. j) But we can t sell it. It s not ours. k) She says you can use it if you re very careful with it. l) Sshh! I can t enjoy this music when you re making all that noise. 7. The verb can. Translate. a) But we can t believe that. h) Can you remember what happened? b) I can t believe my eyes. i) Can you promise me one thing? c) She can speak Hungarian. j) How can you listen to that/this? d) We can meet after school. k) Can t you suggest something? e) Can you wake me (up) at six? l) We can t expect (any) more than that/this. f) I can t forget that day. m) Can t you try a little harder/try a bit harder? g) Can I wear jeans? n) Can t you at least give me her address? 8. What do you think these people are saying? Write a sentence with must for each picture. např./e.g.: a) I must hurry (up)/must go/must run. b) I must go to the dentist/must go and see the dentist. c) I must go and wash my hands/must wash my hands. d) I must do the washing up/must do some washing up/must wash these dishes/must wash up. e) I must come back tomorrow/must come tomorrow. can (4 7); must (8) 183

6 12. Modální slovesa 9. Přeložte. Užijte must. a) To si musím pamatovat. g) Musíme pozvat Whiteovy. b) Musíme ho najít. A rychle. h) Ale musíš se to snažit pochopit. c) Musíte také přijít. i) Musíme se zase brzo sejít. d) Musíme se rozhodnout dnes. j) Pojď sem, Bobe. Tohle ti musím ukázat. e) Musíš to před nimi schovat. k) Ano. Vypadá to opravdu zajímavě. Musím si to někdy přečíst. f) Musíme se někoho zeptat. l) Kim má v pátek narozeniny. Musím jí poslat přání. 10. Co nám přikazují tyto značky? Tvořte věty začínající You must not c) d) e) a) b) f) CD2/ You mustn t Poslouchejte a měňte podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: Don t smoke here.) > You mustn t smoke here. a) Don t tell lies. f) Don t bring animals in here. b) Don t talk in the library. g) Don t run on wet floors. c) Don t walk on the grass. h) Don t believe everybody. d) Don t park in this street. i) Don t talk to strangers. e) Don t drink and drive. j) Don t worry so much. 12. Must a mustn t. Přeložte. a) Musíš být hodná holka. f) Tohle prostě musíš zkusit. b) Nesmíš se smát. g) Nesmějí si ničeho všimnout. c) Tohle musíš slyšet! h) Doktor říká, že musí zůstat v posteli. [ona] d) Tohle se už nesmí stát. i) Nesmějí nás slyšet. e) Nesmíš se dívat. j) Vím, že nesmím odmítnout. CD2/ Must a have to. Poslouchejte a měňte podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: I must go now.) > I have to go now. a) I must phone the surgery. e) I must speak to James. b) She must leave early in the morning. f) She must eat more meat. c) You must open the parcel here. g) We must finish at three today. d) You must take these tablets twice a day, Mrs Smith. h) I must think about it first. 14. Have to, has to. Přeložte. a) Nemusíš nic říkat. g) Musíte mi kouřit v kanceláři? b) Ale nemusí být tak netrpělivá. h) Musí opravdu vědět všechno? [oni] c) Ne. Nemusíš jim ukázat svůj [cestovní] pas. i) Musí to být dnes? d) Dnes nemusím nic dělat. j) V kolik tam musíme být? e) Nemusíte souhlasit, když nechcete. k) Proč tam musím být i já? f) Ne. Nemusíme zaplatit hned. l) Proč musí o víkendu vždy pršet? 15. Doplňte nejvhodnější výraz. a) You talk during the lecture. A. must B. can C. mustn t D. don t have to b) But it rain tomorrow. I m playing golf. A. can B. must C. mustn t D. doesn t have to 184 must (9 12); have to (13 15)

7 12. Modal verbs 9. Translate. Use must. a) I must remember that. g) We must invite the Whites. b) We must find him. And fast/quickly. h) But you must try and understand/try to understand. c) You must come too. i) We must meet again soon. d) We must decide today. j) Come here, Bob. I must show you this. e) You must hide it from them. k) Yes. It looks really interesting. I must read it some time. f) We must ask someone/somebody. l) It s Kim s birthday on Friday. I must send her a card. 10. What do these signs tell us? Write sentences beginning You must not a) You must not smoke here. b) You must not use your mobile telephone (in) here. c) You must not drive/go (too) fast here. d) You must not drink (in) here/bring drinks (in) here. e) You must not forget. f) You must not stop (your car) here./cars must not stop here. 11. You mustn t Listen and alter, as in the example. a) You mustn t tell lies. f) You mustn t bring animals in here. b) You mustn t talk in the library. g) You mustn t run on wet floors. c) You mustn t walk on the grass. h) You mustn t believe everybody. d) You mustn t park in this street. i) You mustn t talk to strangers. e) You mustn t drink and drive. j) You mustn t worry so much. 12. Must and mustn t. Translate. a) You must be a good girl. f) You simply must try this/it. b) You mustn t laugh. g) They mustn t notice anything. c) You must hear this! h) The doctor says she must stay in bed. d) That/This mustn t happen again. i) They mustn t hear us. e) You mustn t look/watch. j) I know I mustn t refuse. 13. Must and have to. Listen and alter, as in the example. a) I have to phone the surgery. e) I have to speak to James. b) She has to leave early in the morning. f) She has to eat more meat. c) You have to open the parcel here. g) We have to finish at three today. d) You have to take these tablets twice a day, Mrs Smith. h) I have to think about it first. 14. Have to, has to. Translate. a) You don t have to say anything. g) Do you have to smoke in my office? b) But she doesn t have to be so impatient. h) Do they really have to know everything? c) No. You don t have to show them your passport. i) Does it have to be today? d) I don t have to do anything today. j) What time do we have to be there? e) You don t have to agree if you don t want to. k) Why do I have to be there too/be there as well? f) No. We don t have to pay straight away. l) Why does it always have to rain at the weekend? 15. Insert the most suitable expression. a) C. mustn t b) C. mustn t must (9 12); have to (13 15) 185

8 12. Modální slovesa c) I don t know why I do this when I m so busy with other things. A. don t have to B. can t C. can D. have to d) There are no buses for another hour. ~ Never mind. We walk. A. can B. must C. mustn t D. can t e) You look for yours. I ll lend you mine. A. can t B. don t have to C. mustn t D. must f) Listen! I tell you something important. A. can B. must C. can t D. mustn t g) How does she stay so slim? ~ Perhaps she cook. A. must B. can t C. don t have to D. has to h) be quiet for a while? I m trying to listen to the news. A. Can you B. Must you C. Do you have to D. Mustn t you i) You be patient with her. She s only a child. A. can B. can t C. don t have to D. must j) do that every morning? ~ No, fortunately not. A. Can you B. Do you have to C. Can t you D. Mustn t you 16. Přeložte zdvořilostní žádosti. 16. I. Užijte could. a) Mohl byste pomoct? f) Mohl byste mi ukázat, jak se to dělá? b) Mohl byste tohle zopakovat, prosím? g) Mohla byste odpovědět na všechny mé otázky? c) Mohla byste to říct pomaleji? h) Mohl bys mě přijít navštívit? d) Prosím vás, mohl byste počkat venku? i) Mohl byste to vysvětlit ještě jednou? e) Mohla byste požádat pana Wellse? j) Mohla bych dostat šálek kávy, prosím? 16. II. Nyní užijte formální may. k) Smím se posadit, prosím vás? n) Smím se zeptat proč? l) Smím vám o tom psát? o) Smím něco navrhnout? m) Smím otevřít toto okno? p) Smím položit jednu otázku? CD2/ Shall. Poslouchejte návrhy a měňte je podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: Let s do it now.) > Shall we do it now? a) Let s wait a while. f) Let s invite Stephen and Becky. b) Let s watch something. g) Let s talk about it later. c) I ll show you. h) I ll go with you if you like. d) Let s go to the theatre. i) Let s meet on Saturday afternoon. e) I ll try something different. j) I ll spell that for you. 18. Přeložte věty pomocí shall. a) Mám vám pomoct? k) Mám vám poslat kopii? b) Mám upéct koláč? l) Mám jim nabídnout něco k jídlu? c) Mám jim zavolat? m) Necháme to tady? d) Mám něco říct? n) Co jim zahrajeme? e) Mám udělat kávu? o) V kolik začneme? f) Mám si to napsat do diáře? p) Kam si sedneme? g) Co mám dělat? q) Zaplatíme a půjdeme, ne? h) Koho se mám zeptat? r) Půjdeme hledat něco lepšího, ne? i) Kam to mám dát? s) Zůstaneme dnes večer doma, ne? j) Kdy to mám vrátit? t) Zapomeňme na to, ne? 186 could a may ve zdvořilostních otázkách (16); vyjadřování nabídek a návrhů pomocí shall (17 18)

9 12. Modal verbs c) D. have to d) A. can e) B. don t have to f) B. must g) B. can t h) A. Can you i) D. must j) B. Do you have to 16. Translate these polite requests. 16. I. Use could. a) Could you help? f) Could you show me how to do it (how it s done)? b) Could you repeat that, please? g) Could you answer all (of) my questions? c) Could you say it more slowly? h) Could you come and see/visit me? d) Could you wait outside, please? i) Could you explain it (once) again? e) Could you ask Mr Wells? j) Could I have a cup of coffee, please? 16. II. Now use the formal may. k) May I have a seat/take a seat/sit down, please? n) May I ask why? l) May I write to you about it? o) May I suggest something? m) May I open this window? p) May I ask one question? 17. Shall. Listen to the suggestions and alter them, as in the example. a) Shall we wait a while? f) Shall we invite Stephen and Becky? b) Shall we watch something? g) Shall we talk about it later? c) Shall I show you? h) Shall I go with you? d) Shall we go to the theatre? i) Shall we meet on Saturday afternoon? e) Shall I try something different? j) Shall I spell that for you? 18. Translate the sentences using shall. a) Shall I help you? k) Shall I send you a copy? b) Shall I bake a cake? l) Shall I offer them something to eat? c) Shall I phone/ring/call them? m) Shall we leave it here? d) Shall I say something? n) What shall we play (for/to) them? e) Shall I make (some) coffee? o) What time shall we start/begin? f) Shall I write it (down) in my diary? p) Where shall we sit? g) What shall I do? q) Shall we pay and go? h) Who(m) shall I ask? r) Shall we go and look for something better? i) Where shall I put it? s) Shall we stay at home tonight/stay in tonight? j) When shall I bring it back/shall I return it? t) Shall we forget (about) it? could and may in polite questions (16); expressing suggestions and offers using shall (17 18) 187

10 12. Modální slovesa Úroveň B 19. Tvořte věty s be able to v budoucím čase s will: a) he explain everything d) I not get up morning b) they meet her boyfriend at last e) you carry it? c) he not exercise several weeks f) they eat all that? v minulém čase: g) luckily I guess the answer j) she not answer my question h) we stay with friends k) they leave on time? i) they not wait that long l) you feel anything? v předpřítomném čase: m) I try it several times p) he never forget her n) she see him every day this week q) they find out the truth? o) we not contact him yet r) you book anything yet? CD2/ Opis be able to. Poslouchejte a přeformulujte podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: I spoke to everyone.) > I was able to speak to everyone. (nahrávka: Have you contacted them yet?) > Have you been able to contact them yet? a) He didn t hear it. f) He hasn t slept much in the last few days. b) Will you find their house? g) You won t get there by seven. c) We ve kept our promise. h) Did they park the car nearby? d) They ll finish soon. i) Have you looked at Tim s yet? e) I studied in peace all weekend. j) Will you describe it to her? 21. Tvořte věty s be allowed to v budoucím čase: a) I sure we go with them d) I not stay out late tonight b) she says we all use it e) I sign it for you? c) he not have visitors f) when you use the car? v minulém čase: g) we eat as much wanted j) we not touch anything h) he do it himself k) you choose the colour? i) I not listen l) you take photographs? v předpřítomném čase: m) she always wear what wants p) she never use his computer n) we often leave school early q) you not ever drink alcohol? o) I not do this before r) he always speak his parents like that? CD2/ Opis be allowed to. Poslouchejte a přeformulujte podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: We didn t ask.) > We weren t allowed to ask. a) He ll borrow it next time. b) I drank whatever I wanted. c) She didn t cross the road on her own. d) No, the children won t play in your study. e) Did you drive his company car? f) Will they choose for themselves? g) We ve been staying up late since the holidays started. h) She hasn t been smoking at the new flat. 188 opisy be able to a be allowed to v různých časech (19 22)

11 12. Modal verbs Level B 19. Form sentences with be able to in the future with will: a) He ll be able to explain everything. d) I won t be able to get up in the morning. b) They ll be able to meet her boyfriend at last. e) Will you be able to carry it? c) He won t be able to exercise for several weeks. f) Will they be able to eat all that? in the past: g) Luckily I was able to guess the answer. j) She wasn t able to answer my question. h) We were able to stay with (some) friends. k) Were they able to leave on time? i) They weren t able to wait that long. l) Were you able to feel anything? in the present perfect: m) I ve been able to try it several times. p) He s never been able to forget her. n) She s been able to see him every day this week. q) Have they been able to find out the truth? o) We haven t been able to contact him yet. r) Have you been able to book anything yet? 20. The periphrastic be able to. Listen and reformulate, as in the example. a) He wasn t able to hear it. f) He hasn t been able to sleep much in the last few days. b) Will you be able to find their house? g) You won t be able to get there by seven. c) We ve been able to keep our promise. h) Were they able to park the car nearby? d) They ll be able to finish soon. i) Have you been able to look at Tim s yet? e) I was able to study in peace all weekend. j) Will you be able to describe it to her? 21. Form sentences with be allowed to in the future with will: a) I m sure we ll be allowed to go with them. d) I won t be allowed to stay out late tonight. b) She says we ll all be allowed to use it. e) Will I be allowed to sign it for you? c) He won t be allowed to have visitors. f) When will you be allowed to use the car? in the past: g) We were allowed to eat as much as we wanted. j) We weren t allowed to touch anything. h) He was allowed to do it himself. k) Were you allowed to choose the colour? i) I wasn t allowed to listen. l) Were you allowed to take photographs? in the present perfect: m) She s always been allowed to wear what she wants. p) She s never been allowed to use his computer. n) We ve often been allowed to leave school early. q) Haven t you ever been allowed to drink alcohol? o) I haven t been allowed to do this before. r) Has he always been allowed to speak to his parents like that? 22. The periphrastic be allowed to. Listen and reformulate, as in the example. a) He ll be allowed to borrow it next time. b) I was allowed to drink whatever I wanted. c) She wasn t allowed to cross the road on her own. d) No, the children won t be allowed to play in your study. e) Were you allowed to drive his company car? f) Will they be allowed to choose for themselves? g) We ve been allowed to stay up late since the holidays started. h) She hasn t been allowed to smoke at the new flat. periphrastic be able to and be allowed to in various tenses (19 22) 189

12 12. Modální slovesa 23. Tvořte věty s have to v budoucím čase s will: a) you read it carefully d) he not change his job after all b) she rest a lot more e) we walk? c) I not cook all week f) and you give up drink coffee? v minulém čase: g) she say it in German j) I not spend much h) I wear gloves k) they rush? i) he not ask me twice l) you show your ID? v předpřítomném čase: m) I explain it so many times p) we never answer such silly questions n) we change all our plans q) you ever drive on left? o) I never wait that long r) you not ever take antibiotics? CD2/ Opis have to. Poslouchejte a přeformulujte podle vzoru. Vzor: (nahrávka: We didn t ask.) > We didn t have to ask. a) We bought a new one. f) That will be a job for Dad. b) We ll paint it again. g) We didn t change our phone number. c) I ve been very patient. h) Did you work at the weekend? d) We won t spend too much time on it. i) Have you ever given first aid? e) He s never worried about that. j) Alice will take care of that. 25. Které české věty nejlépe odpovídají uvedeným anglickým větám? a) She can say that. A. To nesměla říct. b) She had to say that. B. To směla říct. c) She has to say that. C. To by mohla říct. d) She wasn t able to say that. D. To se jí podařilo říct. e) She could say that. E. To může říct. f) She ll be able to say that. F. Tohle nebude muset říct. g) She didn t have to say that. G. To bude moci říct. h) She wasn t allowed to say that. H. Musela to říct. i) She ll have to say that. I. To říct nemusí. j) She won t be allowed to say that. J. To nebude moci říct. k) She mustn t say that. K. To nedovedla říct. l) She won t be able to say that. L. Musí to říct. m) She was allowed to say that. M. Tohle nebude smět říct. n) She was able to say that. N. Bude to muset říct. o) She won t have to say that. O. To nesmí říct. p) She needn t say that. P. To říct nemusela. CD2/ Poslouchejte a vyjádřete opisem. Uveďte všechna možná řešení. Vzor: (nahrávka: I can) > I m able to a) she must g) I couldn t b) we can h) they may c) he mustn t i) we could d) she can j) I must e) I needn t k) it may not f) he can t l) they mustn t 190 opisy be able to, be allowed to a have to v různých časech (23 26)

13 12. Modal verbs 23. Form sentences with have to in the future with will: a) You ll have to read it carefully. d) He won t have to change his job after all. b) She ll have to rest a lot more. e) Will we have to walk? c) I won t have to cook all week. f) And will you have to give up drinking coffee? in the past: g) She had to say it in German. j) I didn t have to spend much. h) I had to wear gloves. k) Did they have to rush? i) He didn t have to ask me twice. l) Did you have to show your ID? in the present perfect: m) I ve had to explain it so many times. p) We ve never had to answer such silly questions. n) We ve had to change all our plans. q) Have you ever had to drive on the left? o) I ve never had to wait that long. r) Haven t you ever had to take antibiotics? 24. The periphrastic have to. Listen and reformulate as in the example. a) We had to buy a new one. f) That will have to be a job for Dad. b) We ll have to paint it again. g) We didn t have to change our phone number. c) I ve had to be very patient. h) Did you have to work at the weekend? d) We won t have to spend too much time on it. i) Have you ever had to give first aid? e) He s never had to worry about that. j) Alice will have to take care of that. 25. Which Czech sentence best corresponds to each English sentence? a) She can say that. E. To může říct. b) She had to say that. H. Musela to říct. c) She has to say that. L. Musí to říct. d) She wasn t able to say that. K. To nedovedla říct. e) She could say that. C. To by mohla říct. f) She ll be able to say that. G. To bude moci říct. g) She didn t have to say that. P. To říct nemusela. h) She wasn t allowed to say that. A. To nesměla říct. i) She ll have to say that. N. Bude to muset říct. j) She won t be allowed to say that. M. Tohle nebude smět říct. k) She mustn t say that. O. To nesmí říct. l) She won t be able to say that. J. To nebude moci říct. m) She was allowed to say that. B. To směla říct. n) She was able to say that. D. To se jí podařilo říct. o) She won t have to say that. F. Tohle nebude muset říct. p) She needn t say that. I. To říct nemusí. 26. Listen and express using periphrastic forms. Give all possible answers. a) she has to (she s got to) g) I wasn t able to, I wasn t allowed to b) we re able to, we re allowed to h) they re allowed to c) he s not allowed to i) we were able to, we were allowed to d) she s able to, she s allowed to j) I have to (I ve got to) e) I don t have to (I haven t got to) k) it s not allowed to f) he s not able to, he s not allowed to l) they re not allowed to periphrastic be able to, be allowed to and have to in various tenses (23 26) 191

14 12. Modální slovesa 27. Vyberte nejvhodnější variantu. a) You don t have to / must continue. I know what you re going to say. b) You needn t / must accept that. There will never be a better offer. c) You needn t / have to add any other ingredients. Just warm it up. d) You mustn t / don t have to admit that you were wrong. But couldn t you at least say you re sorry? e) I know she s the boss, but you mustn t / don t have to agree with her. f) As a parent you needn t / mustn t allow such behaviour. It s simply wrong. g) When the teacher asks you a question you must / mustn t always try to answer. h) But if you re taking these tablets you must / needn t avoid drinking. It could be dangerous. i) You must / needn t worry. Everything will be alright. j) You needn t / not have to go to the library. I can lend you mine. k) You mustn t / needn t say a word to anyone. This is between you and me. l) Yes, we ll have to / must invite the Browns as well. m) You don t have to / mustn t cook. I ll be happy with something cold. n) We mustn t / must be late, or they won t let us in. o) I really must / don t have to try and drink less coffee. Five cups a day is too much. 28. Přeložte. Užívejte opisné tvary modálních sloves. a) Nesměl se hýbat. b) Musel jsem zavřít oči. c) Co jim budeš muset říct? d) Nepodařilo se mi zamluvit stůl. e) Brzy budeme muset skončit. f) Jak dlouho už umíš řídit? g) Ještě jsem se jich nemohl zeptat. h) Proč musel prodat svou sbírku? i) Bude nám moct někdo poradit? j) Ale tak mladá ses vdávat nemusela. k) Nebudu se tam moct dostat před šestou hodinou. l) Proč nesměla tancovat s Mattem? m) Musel jsi někdy zavolat na policii? n) Nemohli tu situaci změnit. o) Nikdy jsem nemusel pracovat tak tvrdě jako teď. p) Nebudou tam smět nic postavit. q) Bez jejich instrukcí jsme nemohli začít. r) Budu muset odmítnout, i když to nabídnou. s) Celou dobu jsem ho musel držet za ruku. t) Budeme si tam smět vzít psa? u) Nikdy jsem ho nedokázala milovat tolik, jako on miluje mě. v) Jak dlouho už smíš užívat auto rodičů? w) Museli jste si od nich někdy něco objednat? x) Směl své rodině telefonovat jen jednou za měsíc. y) Nikdy jsem se žádným klukem chodit nesměla. Toto je poprvé. z) Nebudu moct upéct Samovi koláč, když nemám vajíčka. 29. Ve kterých větách se užívá could(n t) jako tvar minulého času? a) Perhaps you could take them to a concert or a jazz club. b) We all did what we could. c) Could you say that again? I didn t hear you. d) Marge couldn t hide the smile on her face, although she tried very hard. e) I m not surprised they couldn t do anything to help. 192 opisy be able to, be allowed to a have to v různých časech (27 28); podmiňovací could s přítomným infinitivem (29)

15 12. Modal verbs 27. Choose the most suitable option. a) You don t have to continue. I know what you re going to say. b) You must accept that. There will never be a better offer. c) You needn t add any other ingredients. Just warm it up. d) You don t have to admit that you were wrong. But couldn t you at least say you re sorry? e) I know she s the boss, but you don t have to agree with her. f) As a parent you mustn t allow such behaviour. It s simply wrong. g) When the teacher asks you a question you must always try to answer. h) But if you re taking these tablets you must avoid drinking. It could be dangerous. i) You needn t worry. Everything will be alright. j) You needn t go to the library. I can lend you mine. k) You mustn t say a word to anyone. This is between you and me. l) Yes, we ll have to invite the Browns as well. m) You don t have to cook. I ll be happy with something cold. n) We mustn t be late, or they won t let us in. o) I really must try and drink less coffee. Five cups a day is too much. 28. Translate. Use the periphrastic forms of modal verbs. a) He wasn t allowed to move. b) I had to close my eyes. c) What will you have to tell them/have to say to them? d) I wasn t able to book/reserve a table. e) We ll have to finish/stop soon. f) How long have you been able to drive? g) I haven t been able to ask them yet. h) Why did he have to sell his collection? i) Will anyone/someone be able to advise us? j) But you didn t have to get married/didn t have to marry so/that young. k) I won t be able to get there before six o clock. l) Why wasn t she allowed to dance with Matt? m) Have you ever had to phone the police? n) They weren t able to change the situation. o) I ve never had to work as hard as now. p) They won t be allowed to build anything there. q) We weren t able to begin without their instructions. r) I ll have to refuse, even if they offer (it). s) I had to hold his hand all the time/hold his hand the whole time. t) Will we be allowed to take the/our dog (there)? u) I ve never been able to love/i was never able to love him as much as he loves me. v) How long have you been allowed to use your parents car? w) Have you ever had to order anything from them? x) He was allowed to phone/ring/call his family only once a month./he was only allowed to phone/ring/call his family once a month. y) I ve never been allowed to go out with a boy before. This is the first time. z) I won t be able to bake Sam a cake if I haven t got (any) eggs. 29. In which sentences is could(n t) used as a past form? ve větách/in sentences: b), d), e), h), j) periphrastic be able to, be allowed to and have to in various tenses (27 28); conditional could with present infinitive (29) 193

16 12. Modální slovesa f) I feel we could wait a few more days, but what do you think? g) Could you try to find it, please? h) She couldn t wait for their last holiday to end. i) Could I lift that for you? j) What a long walk! I could hardly feel my feet. 30. Přeložte věty s podmiňovacím could. a) Mohlo by se to stát znovu. f) Mohl bys mi to zazpívat? b) Mohl bys být aktivnější. g) Mohlo by to být důležité? c) Mohli bychom pěstovat rajčata. h) Kam bychom mohli pověsit tenhle obraz? d) Jednoduše by to mohlo stát víc. i) Nemohlo by to být překvapení? e) Nemohlo by to být lepší. j) Cožpak bys nemohl chvíli sedět v klidu? 31. Tvořte věty s should. kladné: záporné: tázací: a) they be sorry f) it not matter k) why I stop? b) we believe him g) they not mind that l) what we do? c) you relax more h) you not encourage him m) who we ask? d) we wrap the presents i) you not kiss animals n) I tell him? e) you think first j) we not need that much time o) you not wait a while? 32. What should they do? Vymyslete vhodné komentáře k obrázkům. Užijte should(n t). a) c) b) d) e) 33. Poslouchejte a tvořte k větám z nahrávky komentáře. Vybírejte si z daných údajů a užívejte should. Vzor: a) (nahrávka: I ve got an awful headache.) > D. You should go and lie down, then. A. you apologize B. you not have a beer C. you not turn around D. you go and lie down E. you try them on F. you go and see a doctor G. you not listen J. you explain it to her again H. you not tell anyone K. you hurry up I. you go and see her L. you take your umbrella with you CD2/31 a) I ve got an awful headache. g) I don t know if they ll fit me. b) I ve had this sore throat for weeks. h) My best friend s in hospital. c) It s going to rain. i) Someone s following me. d) I m going to be late. j) I know a secret. e) Barbara just doesn t understand the problem. k) Liza and Bob are having an argument. f) I was rude to them. l) I m driving home tonight. 194 podmiňovací could s přítomným infinitivem (30); should s přítomným infinitivem (31 33)

17 12. Modal verbs 30. Translate these sentences with conditional could. a) It could happen again. f) Could you sing it to/for me? b) You could be more active. g) Could it be important? c) We could grow tomatoes. h) Where could we hang this picture (up)? d) It could easily cost more. i) Couldn t it be a surprise? e) It couldn t be better. j) Couldn t you sit still for a while? 31. Form sentences with should. positive: negative: interrogative: a) They should be sorry. f) It shouldn t matter. k) Why should I stop? b) We should believe him. g) They shouldn t mind that. l) What should we do? c) You should relax more. h) You shouldn t encourage him. m) Who should we ask? d) We should wrap the presents. i) You shouldn t kiss animals. n) Should I tell him? e) You should think first. j) We shouldn t need that much time. o) Shouldn t you wait a while? 32. What should they do? Provide a suitable commentary for each picture using should(n t). např./e.g.: a) He should drive more slowly./he should slow down./he shouldn t go so fast. b) He should eat less./he should try eating less./he shouldn t eat so much. c) He should give up smoking./he shouldn t smoke so much. d) She should go to bed./she should sleep more. e) He should tidy up./he should do some tidying up./he should tidy (up) his room. 33. Listen and comment on the sentences you hear using the given information and should. a) D. You should go and lie down, then. g) E. You should try them on, then. b) F. You should go and see a doctor, then. h) I. You should go and see her, then. c) L. You should take your umbrella with you, then. i) C. You shouldn t turn around, then. d) K. You should hurry up, then. j) H. You shouldn t tell anyone, then. e) J. You should explain it to her again, then. k) G. You shouldn t listen, then. f) A. You should apologize, then. l) B. You shouldn t have a beer, then. conditional could with present infinitive (30); should with present infinitive (31 33) 195

18 12. Modální slovesa 34. Přeložte. Užívejte should. a) Měl by sis to jednou provždy zapamatovat. b) Neměl bys tu stát. Je to nebezpečné. c) Kde bychom měli bydlet? Ve městě, nebo na venkově? d) Měl by ses obléknout. Přicházejí už první hosté. e) Kolik bychom mu měli půjčit? f) Měli bychom to něčím zakrýt. Je tu hodně prašno. g) Měli bychom brzy očekávat změnu? h) Měl bys na něj být pyšný. Je moc statečný. i) Neměli bychom se bát. Není to tak strašné. j) Mám jim věřit, nebo ne? k) Neměli bychom začít později než v pět hodin. l) Měl bys ten film doporučit Ronovi. Hrozně by se mu líbil. m) Mami, co bych měl nakreslit tátovi k narozeninám? n) Měl by ses o sebe více starat. Tvé zdraví je to nejdůležitější. o) Kdo by to měl vědět lépe než Tom? p) Neměl bys šeptat. Není to slušné. q) Proč bych se měl učit, když si myslím, že je to nuda? r) Podle mě by to alespoň dva týdny nemělo zmizet. s) Na kolikátou mám připravit večeři? t) Čím mám umýt okna? u) Neměl by ses domnívat, že každý chce dělat to samé, co ty. v) Neměl bys tak dlouho sedět u počítače. Není to dobré na oči. w) Kolik bych tam měl dát soli? x) Neměla by ta barva být trochu tmavší? y) Měl by sis zlepšit angličtinu a pak se můžeš ucházet o lepší místo. z) Neměl bys tu smlouvu podepisovat, jestli sis ji pečlivě nepřečetl. 35. Přeložte věty s should a opisnými tvary modálních sloves. a) Pan Spark by se na to měl být schopen podívat zítra. b) Měli by si smět pozvat, koho chtějí. c) Ten text bys měl dokázat bez problémů přeložit. d) Měl bys dokázat to docela jednoduše opravit, budeš-li se řídit návodem. e) Nikomu by nemělo být dovoleno, aby ho viděl, když je takhle nemocen. f) Studenti by neměli smět kouřit uvnitř budovy školy. g) Měli bychom si smět přečíst všechny informace, než se rozhodneme. h) Neměli bychom muset čekat déle než pár minut. i) Proč by se někdo měl smět takhle chovat? j) Proč bys měl muset měnit své plány, když oni nechtějí změnit své? Úroveň C 36. Doplňte can( t), nebo could(n t) a věty přeložte do češtiny. a) Did you really put wine in this sauce? I taste it. b) You don t have to hide. I see you anyway. c) All that we see was fog. d) Quiet! I hear a thing. e) I understand a word of his last lecture. you? f) I ve already taken two tablets but I feel anything yet. 196 should s přítomným infinitivem (34); should v kombinaci s opisy modálních sloves (35); can před see, hear, smell, taste, feel (36)

19 12. Modal verbs 34. Translate using should. a) You should remember that/it once and for all. b) You shouldn t stand here. It s dangerous. c) Where should we live? In the town/city or in the country? d) You should get dressed. The first guests are arriving. e) How much should we lend him? f) We should cover it (up) with something. It s very dusty (in) here. g) Should we expect a change soon? h) You should be proud of him. He s very brave. i) We shouldn t worry/shouldn t be afraid. It s not that terrible. j) Should I believe them or not? k) We shouldn t begin/start (any) later than five o clock. l) You should recommend the film to Ron. He d love it. m) Mummy, what should I draw for Daddy s birthday/should I draw Daddy for his birthday? n) You should look after yourself more/should take better care of yourself. Your health is the most important thing. o) Who should know (that) better than Tom? p) You shouldn t whisper. It s not polite. q) Why should I study when/if I think it s boring? r) In my opinion, it shouldn t disappear for at least two weeks. s) What time should I get (the) dinner/tea/supper (ready) for?/what time should I prepare dinner/tea/supper for? t) What should I clean the windows with? u) You shouldn t assume that everyone wants to do the same (thing) as you. v) You shouldn t sit at the computer for so long. It s not good for the/your eyes. w) How much salt should I put in/should I add? x) Shouldn t the colour be a little darker/a bit darker/a little bit darker? y) You should improve your English and then you can apply for a better job. z) You shouldn t sign the contract if you haven t read it carefully. 35. Translate the sentences using should and the periphrastic forms of modal verbs. a) Mr Spark should be able to (have a) look at it tomorrow. b) They should be allowed to invite who(m)/who(m)ever they like. c) You should be able to translate the text without any problems. d) You should be able to repair/mend/fix it quite easily if you follow the instructions. e) Nobody should be allowed to see him when he s this/that ill. f) Students shouldn t be allowed to smoke inside the school building. g) We should be allowed to read all the information before we decide. h) We shouldn t have to wait (for) more/longer than a few minutes. i) Why should anyone be allowed to behave like that? j) Why should you have to change your plans if/when they don t want to change theirs? Level C 36. Insert can( t) or could(n t) and translate the sentences into Czech. a) Did you really put wine in this sauce? I can t taste it. (např.: Opravdu jsi do téhle omáčky dala víno? Já ho (totiž) necítím.) b) You don t have to hide. I can see you anyway. (např.: Nemusíš se schovávat. Já tě stejně vidím.) c) All that we could see was fog. (např.: Viděli jsme jenom mlhu./byla vidět jenom mlha.) d) Quiet! I can t hear a thing. (např.: Ticho! Vůbec nic neslyším.) e) I couldn t understand a word of his last lecture. Could you? (např.: Z jeho poslední přednášky jsem nerozuměl ani slovu. Co ty?) f) I ve already taken two tablets but I can t feel anything yet. (např.: Vzal jsem si už dvě tablety, ale ještě nic necítím.) should with present infinitive (34); should combined with periphrastic forms (35); can before see, hear, smell, taste and feel (36) 197

20 12. Modální slovesa g) you hear that noise? I wonder what it is. h) I don t know what else was in it. All I taste was garlic. 37. Přeložte. V každé větě užijte tvar modálního slovesa can. a) Byla taková tma, že jsem vůbec nic neviděl. b) Mohl byste mluvit, prosím, hlasitěji? Moc dobře vás neslyšíme. c) Ze svého okna vidím Pražský hrad. d) To je zvláštní. Použila jsem spoustu bylinek, ale vůbec je tam necítím. e) Žádnou bolest jsem necítil. f) Poslouchej. Slyšíš v dálce to moře? g) Neměli bychom ten sýr už vyhodit? Je cítit až z koupelny. h) Snažil se nám něco říct, ale neslyšel jsem co. 38. Sestavte do česko-anglických dvojic dle významu. ano (možná) ne (nejspíše) ano (určitě) ano (nejspíše) ne (určitě) ne (možná) must can t should might shouldn t might not 39. Přeformulujte věty tak, že užijete may/might. Vzor: Perhaps he s at home. > He might be/may be at home. a) Perhaps she s right. g) It s possible that she s unemployed. b) Perhaps it s not too late. h) Maybe he doesn t remember us. c) Perhaps they know best. i) But it s possible that they don t own it. d) Perhaps it doesn t matter. j) It s possible that he simply doesn t care. e) Perhaps you disagree. k) Maybe she doesn t mean it like that. f) Perhaps they don t realize. l) Maybe it doesn t worry them. CD2/ Poslouchejte a přeformulujte věty tak, že užijete might. Vzor: (nahrávka: Perhaps he s at home.) > He might be at home. a) Perhaps I m wrong. f) Perhaps they re in a hurry. b) Maybe she s asleep. g) Maybe the price doesn t include food. c) Perhaps it s not important. h) Perhaps she doesn t understand why. d) Perhaps he s afraid of me. i) Maybe he doesn t recognize you. e) Maybe he s got another cold. j) Maybe that doesn t seem strange to you. 41. Které z těchto vět odkazují na budoucnost (F) a které na přítomnost (P)? Které věty mohou odkazovat jak na budoucnost, tak na přítomnost (FP)? Věty přeložte do češtiny. a) I might not accept their offer. F P FP b) She might believe you. F P FP c) I might borrow it from you. F P FP d) He might bring his holiday photos with him. F P FP e) They might charge you for the service. F P FP f) They might enjoy it. F P FP g) We might fly. F P FP h) I might forget. F P FP i) They might have another one. F P FP j) She might not live there any more. F P FP k) He might not like jazz. F P FP l) You might be surprised. F P FP 198 can před see, hear, smell, taste, feel (37); vyjadřování možnosti v přítomnosti a budoucnosti pomocí may/might (38 41)

21 12. Modal verbs g) Can you hear that noise? I wonder what it is. (např.: Slyšíš ten zvuk? To by mě zajímalo, co to je.) h) I don t know what else was in it. All I could taste was garlic. (např.: Nevím, co v tom ještě bylo. Já jsem cítil jenom česnek.) 37. Translate. Use a form of the modal verb can in each sentence. a) It was so dark (that) I couldn t see anything (at all). b) Could you speak up, please? We can t hear you very well. c) I can see Prague Castle from my window. d) That s strange. I used lots of/used plenty of herbs but I can t taste them at all. e) I couldn t feel any pain. f) Listen. Can you hear the sea in the distance? g) Shouldn t we throw that cheese away?/throw away that cheese? You can smell it from the bathroom. h) He was trying to tell us something/trying to say something to us, but I couldn t hear what. 38. Pair Czech and English expressions of similar meaning. ano (možná) = might; ne (nejspíše) = shouldn t; ano (určitě) = must; ano (nejspíše) = should; ne (určitě) = can t; ne (možná) = might not 39. Rewrite the sentences using may/might. a) She may be/might be right. g) She may be/might be unemployed. b) It may not be/might not be too late. h) He may not remember/might not remember us. c) They may know/might know best. i) But they may not own/might not own it. d) It may not matter/might not matter. j) He may simply not care/might simply not care. e) You may disagree/might disagree. k) She may not mean/might not mean it like that. f) They may not realize/might not realize. l) It may not worry/might not worry them. 40. Listen and reformulate using might. a) I might be wrong. f) They might be in a hurry. b) She might be asleep. g) The price might not include food. c) It might not be important. h) She might not understand why. d) He might be afraid of me. i) He might not recognize you. e) He might have another cold. j) That might not seem strange to you. 41. Which of these sentences refer to the future (F) and which to the present (P)? Which might refer to either (FP)? Translate the sentences into Czech. a) I might not accept their offer. (F) Možná že jejich nabídku nepřijmu. b) She might believe you. (FP) Možná že ti věří/bude věřit. c) I might borrow it from you. (F) Možná si to od tebe půjčím. d) He might bring his holiday photos with him. (F) Možná s sebou přinese své fotky z dovolené. e) They might charge you for the service. (F) Možná ti za tu službu něco naúčtují. f) They might enjoy it. (FP) Možná je to baví/bude bavit. g) We might fly. (F) Možná poletíme. h) I might forget. (F) Možná že na to zapomenu. i) They might have another one. (FP) Možná mají/budou mít další. j) She might not live there any more. (FP) Možná tam už nebydlí/už nebude bydlet. k) He might not like jazz. (P) Možná nemá rád jazz. l) You might be surprised. (FP) Možná jsi/budeš překvapen. can before see, hear, smell, taste and feel (37); expressing possibility in the present and future using may/might (38 41) 199

22 12. Modální slovesa 42. Tvořte věty s might be + -ing a přeložte je do češtiny. a) she not expect it f) he miss you b) he feel lonely g) they wait us c) they follow him h) they have their lunch d) she hide something from us i) she not plan anything e) it not rain more j) we do something wrong 43. Přeložte. Užívejte might. a) Třeba je to nebezpečné. n) Ale možná se to už nikdy nestane. b) Možná mají zavřeno. o) Možná ti to řekne sama. c) Třeba si nedělá legraci. p) Možná máš nízký tlak. d) Možná budeš mít víc štěstí příště. q) Možná o tom napíšu panu prezidentovi. e) Vezmi si s sebou svetr. Později může být zima. r) Třeba si na to vzpomenu později. f) Možná že se nesmějí tobě. s) Dominiku by ta výstava možná zajímala. g) Možná to nebude tak jednoduché, jak si myslíš. t) Třeba mají zrovna přestávku. h) Paul možná umí trochu rusky. Zeptám se ho. u) Možná už tě nikdy neuvidím. i) Becky možná bude znát odpověď. v) Radši bys mu měl zavolat. Třeba to hledá. j) Třeba se ti to jen zdá. w) Třeba se ti podaří přesvědčit ji. k) Možná radši počkají. x) Ale možná se vdávat ještě nechce. l) Tento nápoj možná obsahuje alkohol. y) Možná budeme muset stát frontu. m) Teď mu nevolej. Možná řídí. z) Možná budou muset začít znova. 44. Přeformulujte věty tak, že užijete must/can t. Vzor: Surely he s at home. > He must be at home. a) Surely you know what to do. f) Surely you don t believe that story. b) Surely it s somewhere here. g) Surely he doesn t earn enough for that. c) I m sure he s sorry now. h) Surely it doesn t matter to her that much. d) But surely it costs more than that. i) But surely he isn t that silly. e) Surely you feel something. j) Surely you don t really mean that. CD2/ Poslouchejte a přeformulujte věty tak, že užijete must, nebo can t. Vzor: (nahrávka: Surely he s home by now.) > He must be home by now. a) Surely it s not that expensive. f) I doubt they know about it yet. b) Surely she s not his mother. g) Surely he speaks at least a bit of English. c) Surely there s a quicker way than this. h) Ow! I bet that hurts. d) I m sure it s at least six o clock. i) I bet she worries about him a lot. e) I doubt these are John s keys. j) But surely you don t weigh that much. 46. Utvořte větu s uvedeným modálním slovesem a be + -ing. Pak věty přeložte do češtiny. a) she avoid me [must] f) he not miss her that much [can t] b) it not freeze [can t] g) it not rain again [can t] c) you joke [must] h) you imagine it [must] d) she not go out with David [can t] i) she expect an answer [must] e) they finish soon [must] j) he have great time [must] 47. Přeložte. Užijte must a can t. a) To určitě není jeho nápad. b) To musí být úžasný zážitek. c) Určitě je mu mezi padesáti a šedesáti. d) Ale to snad nemyslíš vážně. 200 vyjadřování možnosti v přítomnosti a budoucnosti pomocí may/might (42 43); vyjadřování jistoty pomocí must/can t (44 47)