h k
p i = 1,..., p n
C C = s max p i=1 s i s max s i p s i = 1 n i (y k ȳ), n i 1 n i i y k k bary i i k=1 s i = y 1 y. x i i = 1,,, p G p G p = x p x, s x s G p = x x p. s h k
h h h i = 1 p 1 ȳ i ȳ (ȳi ȳ ). pj i=1 k k k i = s i p p i=1 s i. s i i h k h k s r = p i=1 (n i 1)s i p i=1 (n i 1) s L = s d s r n, s d = 1 p 1 p n i (ȳi ȳ ) i=1 [ p n = 1 ] p i=1 n i n i p 1 p i=1 i=1 n. i s r s l s R = s r + s L,
r r =, 8s r, s r = sr R s R = s R R =, 8s R, X X x x s x = x i, s = 1, 483 x i x, i = 1,..., p x s φ = 1, 5 s x i x φ x i < x φ, xi = x + φ x i > x + φ, x s x i x = p i=1 x i p, s = 1, 134 p (xi x ). p 1 u X i=1 u X = 1, 5 s p.
(4 p ) H H = x D = x (H), ( p+1 ) H = ( p+1 +1) x H = x p+1 H. x = x D + x H. R L = x H x D u X = R L t L;,95 (p), t L;,95 (p) (1 α) T L p z ζ z z i = x i x s. ζ ζ i = x i x, u i + ux u i i U k k = ζ z ζ z z z = z 3 3 z
z ζ z ζ ζ z = z = z = 3 z = z =
z = z = z = z = z = 3 z = z = 3 z =
u X x s V X u X x s V X
5 Sample standard deviation 4 3 1 1398 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 85 8 [N/mm ] 75 7 65 1398 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344
85 8 [N/mm ] 75 7 65 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 1.5 k [-] 1.5 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344
.5 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 Average values and sample standard deviations 85 8 [N/mm ] 75 7 65 6 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 z-score = z-score = 3
Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 85 8 [N/mm ] 75 7 65 6 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 z-score = z-score = 3 3 5 15 1 5 65 7 75 8 85 [N/mm ]
1 8 z-score -score 6 z-score / -score 4 - -4 141 1411 14 149 1379 1385 139 148 1381 133 144 1396 141 1343 134 134 1384 138 1341 1371 135 1344 ζ
z ζ z ζ
u X x s V X u X x s V X 3 3 3 3
5 Sample standard deviation 15 1 5 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 149 138 1381 1369 Sample standard deviation 15 1 5 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 149 138 1381 1369
48 [kg/m 3 ] 46 44 4 4 38 36 34 3 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381 1369 46 44 4 [kg/m 3 ] 4 38 36 34 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381
1.5 k [-] 1.5 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381 1 h [-] -1-1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381
Average values and sample standard deviations 43 4 41 [kg/m 3 ] 4 39 38 37 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381 z-score = z-score = 3 55 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 5 z-score = z-score = 3 [kg/m 3 ] 45 4 35 3 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381
35 3 5 15 1 5 36 37 38 39 4 41 4 43 44 [kg/m 3 ] 4 3 z-score / -score 1-1 - -3-4 1384 1385 135 1343 1396 148 1371 134 149 139 14 1341 134 141 1344 144 133 138 1381 z-score -score ζ
z ζ z ζ
u X x s V X u X x s V X
5 Sample standard deviation 4 3 1 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138 1367 4.5 Sample standard deviation 4 3.5 3.5 1.5 1.5 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138 1367
15 1 [mm] 5-5 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138 1367 15 [mm] 1 5-5 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138
1.5 k [-] 1.5 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138.5 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138
Average values and sample standard deviations 15 [mm] 1 5 z-score = z-score = 3 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 15 [mm] 1 5-5 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 z-score = z-score = 3 1344 1396 149 1389 138
3 5 15 1 5-5 5 1 15 5 [mm] 5 z-score / -score -5-1 135 141 14 139 134 1343 1341 134 136 143 1385 135 1344 1396 149 1389 138 z-score -score ζ
z ζ z ζ
u X u X 1. 1.1 1 [-].9.8.7 145 139 141
1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5 145 139 141 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 1.3 1. 1.1 1 [-].9.8.7.6 z-score = z-score = 3 145 139 141
3.5 1.5 1.5.4.5.6.7.8.9 1 1.1 1. 1.3 1.4 [mm] 3 1 z-score / -score -1 - -3-4 145 139 z-score -score 141 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
7 Sample standard deviation 6 5 4 3 1 141 136 139 1319 15 [g/m ] 1 5-5 141 136 139 1319
1.5 k [-] 1.5 141 136 139 1319 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-141 136 139 1319
Average values and sample standard deviations 5 15 [g/m ] 1 5-5 z-score = z-score = 3 141 136 139 1319 5 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 15 [g/m ] 1 5-5 z-score = z-score = 3 141 136 139 1319
18 16 14 1 1 8 6 4-1 -5 5 1 15 5 3 [g/m ] 8 6 z-score -score z-score / -score 4 - -4 141 136 139 1319 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
1 Sample standard deviation 1 8 6 4 136 141 139 1319 5 4 3 [g/m ] 1-1 136 141 139 1319
1.5 k [-] 1.5 136 141 139 1319 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-136 141 139 1319
Average values and sample standard deviations 6 5 z-score = z-score = 3 4 [g/m ] 3 1 136 141 139 1319 6 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 5 z-score = z-score = 3 4 [g/m ] 3 1 136 141 139 1319
18 16 14 1 1 8 6 4 - -1 1 3 4 5 6 [g/m ] 6 5 z-score -score 4 z-score / -score 3 1-1 - -3 136 141 139 1319 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
Sample standard deviation 15 1 5 136 141 1319 139 16 Sample standard deviation 14 1 1 8 6 4 136 141 1319 139
8 7 6 5 [g/m ] 4 3 1-1 136 141 139 1319 1.5 k [-] 1.5 136 141 139 1319
1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-136 141 139 1319 Average values and sample standard deviations 9 8 7 z-score = z-score = 3 [g/m ] 6 5 4 3 1 136 141 139 1319
Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 1 8 z-score = z-score = 3 6 [g/m ] 4-136 141 139 1319 18 16 14 1 1 8 6 4-4 - 4 6 8 1 [g/m ]
6 5 z-score -score 4 z-score / -score 3 1-1 - -3 136 141 139 1319 ζ z ζ z ζ
u X x s V X u X x s V X 3 Sample standard deviation 5 15 1 5 136 141 1319 139
Sample standard deviation 15 1 5 136 141 1319 139 1 1 8 [g/m ] 6 4-136 141 1319 139
1.5 k [-] 1.5 136 141 1319 139 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5-136 141 1319 139
Average values and sample standard deviations 14 1 1 z-score = z-score = 3 [g/m ] 8 6 4 136 141 1319 139 14 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 1 1 z-score = z-score = 3 8 [g/m ] 6 4-136 141 1319 139
18 16 14 1 1 8 6 4-4 - 4 6 8 1 1 14 16 [g/m ] z-score / -score 6 5 4 3 1-1 - -3 136 141 z-score -score 1319 139 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
Sample standard deviation 15 1 5 1386 141 134 1 8 6 [g/m ] 4-1386 141 134
1.5 k [-] 1.5 1386 141 134 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5 1386 141 134
Average values and sample standard deviations 1 1 z-score = z-score = 3 8 [g/m ] 6 4 1386 141 134 14 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 1 1 z-score = z-score = 3 [g/m ] 8 6 4 1386 141 134
14 1 1 8 6 4-1 -5 5 1 15 [g/m ] 8 7 6 z-score -score 5 z-score / -score 4 3 1-1 - -3 1386 141 134 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
Sample standard deviation 3 5 15 1 5 1386 141 134 5 15 [g/m ] 1 5-5 -1 1386 141 134
1.5 k [-] 1.5 1386 141 134 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5 1386 141 134
Average values and sample standard deviations 3 5 z-score = z-score = 3 [g/m ] 15 1 5 1386 141 134 3 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 5 z-score = z-score = 3 [g/m ] 15 1 5 1386 141 134
15 1 5 - -1 1 3 4 [g/m ] 1 1 z-score -score 8 6 4-1386 141 z-score / -score 134 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
8 Sample standard deviation 7 6 5 4 3 1 141 1386 134 5 4 3 [g/m ] 1-1 - 141 1386 134
1.5 k [-] 1.5 141 1386 134 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5 141 1386 134
Average values and sample standard deviations 6 5 z-score = z-score = 3 4 [g/m ] 3 1 141 1386 134 6 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 5 z-score = z-score = 3 4 [g/m ] 3 1 141 1386 134
15 1 5-6 -4-4 6 8 [g/m ] 1 1 z-score -score 8 6 4-141 1386 z-score / -score 134 ζ
z ζ z ζ u X x s V X u X x s V X
Sample standard deviation 16 14 1 1 8 6 4 1386 141 134 1 8 [g/m ] 6 4 - -4 1386 141 134
1.5 k [-] 1.5 1386 141 134 1.5 1.5 h [-] -.5-1 -1.5 1386 141 134
Average values and sample standard deviations 1 1 z-score = z-score = 3 8 [g/m ] 6 4 1386 141 134 1 Average values and extended uncertainty of measurement 1 z-score = z-score = 3 8 [g/m ] 6 4 1386 141 134
15 1 5-1 -5 5 1 15 [g/m ] 1 1 z-score -score 8 6 4-1386 141 z-score / -score 134 ζ
z ζ z ζ