Poverty and Social Exclusion in Urban Area Marek Mikulec Faculty of Social Studies University of Ostrava YAC Kuopio 10. 10. 2012
Introduction Poverty Social exclusion Content Separation and segregation Citadel and ghetto Research Literature
Introduction At the beginning of the second year of my Ph.D. Study Aims of this presentation: Briefly introduce situation in the Czech Republic Introduce research
Poverty Materially deprivation Poverty line set up how numerous will be a group of the poor Measuring poverty The poverty line: 60 % of median of equalised income Coefficients: 1,00 for the first adult household member 0,50 for the second and each additional adult household member 0,30 for each child (Zelený 2002)
Current situation Poverty 9 % people below poverty line (News Release Eurostat) Next 10-20 % of population close to the poverty line Poverty line: 111 953 CZK (= 4 496 EUR)/year 9 329 CZK (= 374 EUR)/month (ČSÚ 2011) Minimum wage (since 1.1.2007): 8 000 CZK (= 321 EUR)/month (MPSV 2010) (1 EUR = 24, 9 CZK)
Social exclusion Social exclusion is defined as a process, in which the society is significantly polarized. It is a process of separation of individuals and social collectivities from the society, which deprives them of rights and obligations that are associated with membership. (Mareš, 2006) To be inside or outside (Baum 2004; Mareš 2006)
Social exclusion Multidimensional character Bhalla, Lapeyre (1997: 418-420) distinguished three basic dimension of social exclusion: Economic exclusion Social exclusion Political exclusion
Separation and segregation Voluntary and involuntary separation of the groups of inhabitants in the space. (Temelová, Sýkora 2005) Separation citadels (gated communities) (Marcuse 1997) Spatial segregation is one of the fundamental and visible manifestations of social exclusion. (Burjanek 1997)
Ghetto Ghetto as a place of disorder and deprivation? Form of social organization (Whyte 1993) Alienating from the values of mainstream society (Dahrendorf 1995)
Research Research question: How people living in the excluded locality (in the city of Ostrava, the Czech Rep.) create and accept social order? Qualitative research Interpretative framework Blumer (1969) exploration and inspection exploration: processing literature, relevant researches; starting the field research; creating ties in the locality; collecting information about locality from Police, documents, archives, district, etc.
Locality Source: Google Maps
Locality in 1949 Source: NIKM (2009)
Locality in 2009 Source: NIKM (2009)
Locality approximately 280 people lives there flats are lower category houses that are located there, are the remains of a mining colony population mostly Roma high rate of a long term unemployment on the official job market (KC Zárubek http://www.vzajemnesouziti.estranky.cz/clanky/kczarubek.html)
Locality Source: Google Maps
First visit in the locality 3.4.2012 First night in my flat 19.9.2012 Rent: 2 900 CZK / 116 EUR (reduced) Energy: 800 CZK / 32 EUR Health insurance (compulsory): 1 080 CZK / 43 EUR Public transport: 430 CZK / 17 EUR Money for food, sport, culture: 1 200 CZK / 48 EUR
My house Source: Google Street View
Room Source: own photo
Kitchen Source: own photo
Literature Baum, D. 2004. The process of social exclusion as a specific process of urbanised modern welfare states. Challenges to a changing social policy. TiSSA Plenum 2004 and PreConference of the PhD-Network: "Access for all. Capabilities, Diversity, and Social Exclusion" August 19 - August 24 in St. Petersburg, Russia. Bhalla, A., Lapeyre, F. 1997. Social Exclusion: Towards an Analytical and Operational Framework. Development and Change, 28:413-433. Blumer, H. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Berkley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Burjanek, A. 1997. Segregace Sociologický časopis 33 (4): 423-434. ČSÚ. 2010. Statistická ročenka České republiky 2011. Příjmy a výdaje obyvatelstva. Sociální zabezpečení. Mezinárodní srovnání [Online]. 23. 11. 2010 [Quoted: 25.6.2012]. http://www.czso.cz/csu/2011edicniplan.nsf/publ/0001-11- 2010
Dahrendorf, R. 1995. Report on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion in a Free Society. London: Commission on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion. KC Zárubek. [Online]. [Quoted: 15. 8. 2012]. http://www.vzajemnesouziti.estranky.cz/clanky/kczarubek.html Marcuse, P. (1997): The enclave, the citadel, and the ghetto. What has changed in the postfordist U.S. city. Urban Affairs Review 33 (2), pp. 228-265. Mareš, P. 2006. Faktory sociálního vyloučení. Praha: VÚSP výzkumné centrum Brno. MPSV (Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs) 2010. [Online] 10.7.2010 [Quoted: 20. 6. 2012] http://www.mpsv.cz/cs/871 News release Eurostat. [Online]. [Quoted: 11. 4. 2012]. 21/2012; 8. 2. 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Temelová, J., Sýkora, L. 2005. Segregace: definice, příčiny, důsledky, řešení. In Sýkora, L., Temelová, J. 2005. Prevence prostorové segregace. Praha: UK, MMR. Whyte, W. F. 1993 (1943). Street corner society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zelený, M. 2002. Příjmová chudoba. Pp. 9-29. In Sirovátka, T., Mareš, P., Večerník, J., Zelený, M. 2002. Monitorování chudoby v České republice. Úvodní studie. Praha: VÚPSV, [Online]. [Quoted: 11. 11. 2011]. http://praha.vupsv.cz/fulltext/sirchu.pdf Source of maps: Google Maps Google Street View NIKM. (2009): Národní inventarizace kontaminovaných míst. [Online]. [Quoted: 30. 9. 2012] http://kontaminace.cenia.cz/
Thank you for your attention Marek.Mikulec@osu.cz