UHLÍKATÉ ČÁSTICE V OVZDUŠÍ MORAVSKO- SLEZSKÉHO KRAJE CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES IN THE AIR MORAVIAN-SILESIAN REGION Ing. MAREK KUCBEL Ing. Barbora SÝKOROVÁ, prof. Ing. Helena RACLAVSKÁ, CSc.
Aim of this work The aim of this work is determination potential sources of pollution at selected localities in the Moravian-Silesian Region based on information found on the distribution of OC, EC in PM 10 from emission sources and air pollution.
Definitions of Terms - The atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in an urban environment consists of 20 % 50 % carbonaceous particles. - Carbonaceous particles is usually divided in two fractions, elemental carbon (EC, sometimes referred to as black carbon) and organic carbon (OC). Figure 1. Carbonaceous particles from fossil fuel combustions
Definitions of Terms - EC is a primary pollutant formed in incomplete combustion processes whereas OC is a complex mixture of many groups of compounds originating from primary sources and secondary formation processes (formed by the condensation of compounds produced in the atmosphere by photooxidation of volatile organic precursors).
Effect of EC and OC to environment and human health - The presence of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere affects the radiation balance and the Earth's climate, as well as human health from regional to a global extent. - EC, which absorbs solar radiation, OC is capable of partially absorbing solar radiation, but also of dissipating it
Thermal-optical analysis - TOA has been widely used for the determination of OC and EC in atmospheric aerosol samples. - The carbonaceous species are thermally desorbed firstly in an inert atmosphere (He) and then in an oxidizing atmosphere (mixture of He and O 2 ). - Ideally, OC desorbs in the inert atmosphere while EC combusts in the oxidizing atmosphere at high temperature. Figure 2. OC/EC analyzer
Sampling site
Average emission of OC and PM 10
Air pollution of OC, EC, PM 10 in selected localities
Air pollution of OC, EC in selected localities Sampling site Ostrava Radvanice EC/PM 10 OC/PM 10 OM/PM 10 [%] [%] [%] 4.9 30.4 42.6 Třinec 3.5 35.7 50.0 6:1 10:1 6:1 Třinec Oldřichovice 4.6 21.8 30.5
Conclusion - It was found that OC is dominant form in PM 10 (selected localities in MSR) with a higher content of the secondary organic carbon (SOC) - The highest concentration of PM 10, OC and EC were measured in Ostrava-Radvanice. - Values of organic matter were in a range of 30.5-50.0% (average 41%). - OC in PM 10 from emission sources showed that the average contribution OC was 19 % from metallurgy and 28 % from the power and heating plants.
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