Ing. Pavlína Voláková, Ph.D.

Transkript

1

2 Editor: Ing. Antonín Machálek, CSc. Ing. Pavlína Voláková, Ph.D. Graphic layout: Ing. Daniel Vejchar Translation: Ing. Tomáš Šturc Výzkumný ústav zemědělské techniky, v.v.i. Praha 2013 ISBN 2

3 Content Introduction..4 Identification Data...5 Management of Institute....6 Organization Chart..8 Scope of Institute 10 Scientific and Research Activity Division of Technological Systems for Productive Agriculture Division of Energy and Logistics of Technological Systems and Biomass Utilization for Non-Food Purposes.. 24 Division of Economy of Agricultural Technological Systems...27 Division of Ecology of Agricultural Technological Systems International Cooperation Deliveries (Results) Solutions for Results unfiled into RIV

4 Introductory word Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, allow me to submit you the Activity Report of the Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. (RIAE, p.r.i.) for the year The world economy is found in the complicated situation and it has also an impact on the spheres of science and research. In spite of it, we have achieved in 2012 very good results in research activity well-founded by obtaining of several patents, Award of the Minister of Agriculture for the best results in research the Briquetting and Pelleting Prize 2012 awarded in Slovakia. In regard to the economic situation, we have achieved the positive result. We have set the targets in the area of revenues from other, commercial activity and these targets have been exceeded. At the present time our research institute is exposed to the considerable changes of external effects (for example a new evaluation method of results achieved by research organizations) and as well as we must face up to the competitiveness among the research institutions. Our reaction to these changes is focussing on high-quality exercisable results of research activity and greater extension of original aiming at agricultural technologies to the areas relating to them, as are power supply, ecology and mechanical engineering. In the future it will be for us decisive, how we will manage to establish contacts with entrepreneurial subjects and cooperate with them both in the area of research and innovations and also in the sphere of services. We must strive for easier penetration of results of our research work into the practice. The concrete steps have been already taken and this process will continue in the next years (greater integration into the international projects etc.). We must await in future the changes in the area of science and research in the Czech Republic. The future method of science result evaluation and manner of the funding linked with it, will be aimed at higher financial support for institutions with excellent results and, on the contrary, lower allocation of financial means for institutions with results of worse quality. In order to defend its name and the position on market, the RIAE, p.r.i. must belong to the first group. It stands to reason, that a new attitude of our institution to the activities and assertion in the area of research and innovations will be applied step by step, because this change cannot be carried out from day to day. I am convinced, that the RIAE research workers can achieve very 4

5 good results, which is certainly a positive fact. Our institute will be successfull on condition of joint effort of all employees. In conclusion, I would like to wish all employees of the Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering many accomplishments in their work and achievement of such great results of their work, which stand very well in comparison with competitors. Marek Světlík, Ph.D. Director 5

6 Identification Data Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. was established according to the Act No Coll. on public research institutions by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic with effect from 1 January The Deed of Establishment RIAE, p.r.i., reference number 22972/ from 23 June 2006 is on view in register of public research organizations conducted by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports ( At the same time the Founder constituted (according to 15, letter i) mentioned law the pentamerous Supervisory Board of the Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. and there were appointed its members. Three members of Supervisory Board are employees of the Ministry of Agriculture and two members are employees of the RIAE, p.r.i. In this way there is ensured the absolute majority for founder representatives. The activity of Supervisory Board is governed by rules of procedure, which is the internal provision of the RIAE, p.r.i. and is approved by the Founder. RIAE, p.r.i. observes in its activity by properly approved internal provisions specifled in 20 of Law No. 341/2005 Coll. Identification data: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. Drnovská Praha 6 Ruzyně / Prague 6 Ruzyně Česká republika / Czech Republic Identification No.: Tax Identification No.: Legal From: Founder: CZ Public Research Institution Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic Deed of Establishment: Ref. No / from 23 June 2006 with effect from Contact data Tel.: ; Fax: Internet vuzt@vuzt.cz ID Data Box: py5fcj 6

7 Management of Institute Director do Ing. Zdeněk Pastorek, CSc., prof. h. c. Tel.: nebo od Ing. Marek Světlík, PhD. Tel.: nebo Deputy Director for Research Ing. Otakar Syrový, CSc. Tel.: , Tel.: Economic Deputy Director Mgr. Vojtěch Smejkal Tel.: , Tel.: Scientific Secretary Ing. Antonín Machálek, CSc. Tel.: nebo

8 Board of Institution to Ing. Zdeněk Pastorek, CSc., prof. h. c. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Chairman Ing. Petr Plíva, CSc. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Vice-chairman Prof. Ing. Radoslav Adamovský, DrSc. (ČZU Praha) - Member Mgr. Jan Lipavský, CSc. (VÚRV, v.v.i.) - Member Ing. Jaroslav Kára, CSc. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Member from Ing. Petr Plíva, CSc. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Chairman Ing. Antonín Machálek, CSc. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Vice-chairman Ing. Michaela Budňáková (MZe) - Member Bc. Milan Herout (VÚZT, v.v.i.) - Member Ing. Radek Chmelík (Hájek, a.s.) - Member Supervisory Board Ing. Milan Podsedníček, CSc. (MZe) Chairman doc. Ing. Antonín Jelínek, CSc. (VÚZT, v.v.i) - Vice-chairman doc. Ing. Vlastimil Altman, Ph.D. (ČZU v Praze) - Member Ing. Kamil Bílek (MZe) Member Ing. Jiří Souček, Ph.D. (VÚZT, v.v.i.) Member 8

9 Organization Chart 9

10 Scope of Institute Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, v.v.i. has more than 60-year history. It was established in 1951 by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. It changed the legal form to p.r.i. (public research institutions) in year 2007 as a result of the transformation of research institutes. In the course of its activities the Research Institute has created many inventions and patents. Main Activity Main Activities of the RIAE Scope of main activity is basic and applied research and development in the spheres of agricultural engineering, technology, energy industry and building and also in boundary scientific disciplines of animated and lifeless nature, which are relating to these branches. It means especially agricultural, technical, economic and environmental sciences. Research and development are also aimed at solution of problems in agriculture, rural areas and municipal sphere including: participation in international and national centres of research and development; scientific, professional and pedagogic cooperation; verification and transfer of research and development results into practice, advisory activities and implementation of new technologies; expert activities in the field of technical and technological legal protection. Division of Technological Systems for Production Agriculture Research of technological systems for soil tillage, fertilization, establishment and treatment of crop covers. Evaluation of machine operation monitoring by means of GPS and effect of operational factors on machine use. Determination of conditions for effective utilization of machines within processes of energy saving and ecologically friendly care of soil and crop covers. Optimization, modernization and testing of technological processes and machine equipment from viewpoint of maintenance of high quality and competitiveness of crop production final products with application of environmental requirements, reduction of energy consumption and decrease of investment and operational costs in working conditions. Utilization of technical systems for creation of optimal conditions for animals life and their production (Welfare). Systems of automated management and data collection in livestock production. Division of Energy and Logistics of Technological Systems and Biomass Utilization for Non-Food Purposes 10

11 Effective utilization of conventional and renewable sources of energy. Combustion of biomass samples in laboratory combustion devices, emission monitoring, analysis of flue gases. Optimization of biomass combustion process. Detection of ash composition originating from biomass, recommendation for another utilization. Biomass boiler houses, combustion of straw and wood kinds of biomass. Optimization of technological equipment and supply with suitable biomass. Testing production of briquettes and pellets, preparation of raw materials and pressing, monitoring of qualitative physical and mechanical characteristics, as are density, abrasion, shattering. Oil pressing in laboratory, monitoring of physical and chemical properties, recommendation of suitability for esterification and production of motor fuels. Utilization of additives for increase of biogas production and stabilization of anaerobic process. Analysis of produced gas composition. Treatment of biogas for quality of natural gas. Utilization for drive of motor vehicles and injection into natural gas network. Design of device for using in biogas plant. Agricultural transport and manipulation means, monitoring of efficiency and tractive parameters of mobile energy means. Emissive parameters of engines. Testing of new technological processes, operations, engines, pilot equipment and experimental plants. Division of Economy of Agricultural Technological Systems Research of the utilization and replacement of agricultural machinery technical support of production, machinery demand, investment support and recovery of investments. Agricultural production technology and economy recommended technological systems, economy of machine and production line operations, production input demand, technology impact on production economy, AGROTEKIS computer software application. Transfer of new research results into practice information and expert systems aimed at practice and consulting activities. Division of Ecology Agricultural Technological Systems Research of problems relating to the effect of agricultural activity on the environment atmospheric burden by emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases, odours and dust. Proposals and verification of new technologies applying in agriculture the elements of nanotechnologies as well as technologies suitable for sustainable husbandry in landscape. Advisory activity for the spheres of air pollution, Best Available Technique (BAT), BDW processing and improvement of agricultural activity in cultural landscape. Authorized measurements of gas and odour emissions IPPC (certificate). 11

12 The additional activity advisory service in area of agriculture production advisory service in area ofenergy industry testing, measurements, analysis and controls organization ofspecial courses, trainings and other educational events including tutor activities editorial and publishing activities bookbinding and finai elaboration ofbooks and other printed matters authorized emission testing measurement of odours survey sampling activily of authorized experts in branches of building, engineering and agriculture agrotechnical and zootechnicai requirements for agricultural equipment. Address Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. Drnovská 507, P.O.Box Praha 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic Phone: vuzt@vuzt.cz 12

13 Scientific and Research Activity Main activity of institute was ensured by solution of research purpose, projects of the Ministry of Agriculture and projects from other government departments. Research Project Provider: MZE - Ministry of Agriculture (MZe) Ident. kód Ident. Code Název Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To MZE Research of effective utilization of technological systems for sustainable farming and natural resources utilization under specific conditions of the Czech agriculture. Ing. Zdeněk Pastorek, CSc., prof. h. c

14 to Ing. Marek Světlík, Ph.D. from Research Projects of the National Agency for Agricultural Research of the Ministry of Agriculture of the CR Provider: Ministry of Agriculture (MZe) Ident. kód Ident. Code Název Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To QH81200 Optimization of water regime in landscape and increasing of its retention ability through application of compost from biologically degradable waste on arable land and permanent grassland. Ing. Petr Plíva, CSc (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) QH82191 Optimization of batching and placement of organic matter into soil with aim to limit the surface water runoff during intensive rainfall. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. Pavel Kovaříček, CSc QH82283 Study on interaction between water, soil and environment from the point of view of manure management in sustainable agriculture. (Coordinator: VÚRV, v.v.i.) doc. Ing. Jiří Vegricht, CSc QI101A184 Potato growing technology - new environmental friendly procedures (ways). (Coordinator: VÚB, s.r.o. Havl. Brod) Ing. Václav Mayer, CSc QI101C246 Phytomass utilization from perennial grasses coners and landscape maintence. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. David Andert, CSc QI111B107 Research on grape seed biologically active compounds extraction and utilization in order to improve a farm animal metabolism as a base for a proposal for the best available technique (BAT). Ing. Martin Dědina, Ph.D (Coordinator: VÚRV, v.v.i.) 14

15 QI91C199 Optimization of farm vermicomposting technology. (Coordinator: ČZU Praha) Ing. Petr Plíva, CSc QI92A143 Research of suitable varieties and new method of oilseed flax processing for non-food and energy utilization. Ing. Jiří Souček, Ph.D (Coordinator: Agritec Plant Research s.r.o.) QJ Agronomic measures to a reduction of water erosion on arable land with utilization of organic matter ploughdown. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. Pavel Kovaříček, CSc QJ Research of dairy farming systems in terms of optimizing microclimate and energy-economic demands. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) doc. Ing. Antonín Jelínek, CSc Projects from Other Government Departments Provider: Technology Agency of the Czech Republic Ident. Kód Ident. Code Název projektu Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To TA Developement of new technology and machine equipment for large-scale heating briquette from agricultural phytomass production (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. David Andert, CSc TA Process of very fast heat dissotiation of biomass. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. Petr Hutla, CSc TA Soil conservation technologies, energy-saving storage, potato tuber and foliage use in relation to reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and environmental protection. Ing. Václav Mayer, CSc (Coordinator: VÚB Havlíčkův Brod, s.r.o.) TA Elimination of some gas pollutants by their combustion on a heated wire. (Coordinator: ILD cz. s.r.o.) Ing. Petr Hutla, CSc

16 TD Expert system for support of decision-making about using pesticides for improvement of economics of production and quality of environment. (Coordinator: VÚRV, v.v.i.) Ing. Zdeněk Abrham, CSc TD Expert system for evaluation of technology and economics of production and use of biofuels. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. David Andert, CSc Provider: Ministry of Interior (MV) Ident. kód Ident. Code Název Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To VG Determination of the minimum energy demands to maintain basic funcions of agriculture in situation of crisis and analysis of the possibilities ensuring is own energy sector. (Coordinator: VÚZT, v.v.i.) Ing. Zdeněk Pastorek, CSc., prof. h. c. to Ing. Otakar Syrový, CSc from Poskytovatel: Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu (MPO) Provider: Ministry of Industry and Trade (MPO) Ident. kód Ident. Code Název Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To FR-TI2/365 Research of technology enabling material and energy utilization of non-recyclable plastic, cellulose and other similar wastes (MEVO). (Coordinator: PolyComp, a.s.) Ing. Petr Jevič, CSc., prof. h. c Provider: ESF, Ministry of Education Youth and Sports- Education for Competitiveness 16

17 Ident. kód Ident. Code Název Title Řešitel Author Od From Do To CZ.1.07/3.2.09/ Sustainability of Landscape Management. (Realization team: Ing. Květuše Hejátková ZERA, doc. RNDr. Jana Kotovicová, Ph.D. - Mendelova univerzita, Ing. Jan Dvorský, doc. Ing. Antonín Jelínek, CSc. - VÚZT,v.v.i., Bc. Hana Zábranská EAV) doc. Ing. Antonín Jelínek, CSc Specialized Divisions 1.10 Division of Technological Systems for Productive Agriculture Head of Division doc. Ing. Jiří Vegricht, CSc.,tel.: jiri.vegricht@vuzt.cz Scope of activity Material and energy intensity of variantly solved systems of soil management and farm animal breeding and their optimalization by application of targeted research results and new technological systems Increase of farm products quality and to safety by utilization of sensor systems, actuating devices and automatic data collection. Utilization these systems for the control of production process in real time, control of production process qua on critical points and processing of documentation related to the course of production process Relationship among technological systems farm animal breeding and their effect on product environment, welfare, health state and performance Influence of modern technological systems and production technologies destined for productive and also ecological husbandry on the environment Reaction of farm animals on variantly solved systems of their breeding and their parameters. Adaptation of technological systems to requirements and needs of bred animals with utilization of results of performed research work Landscape management under conditions of sustainable development 17

18 Land care in conditions of multifunctional agriculture (development of productive, nonproductive, ecological, social, cultural and recreational functions), adaptation of technological systems Ecologically and economically accept management on soils threatened by erosion Care of soil and crop covers with the aim to reduce a risk of pesticide residues occurrence foodstuffs and feeding stuffs Soil management with favourable impact on landscape in rural areas Care of aesthetic aspects of landscape in conditions of intensive agricultural production Formation of quiet zones in intensively utilized agricultural landscape Selected results of division research activity in 2012 Agronomic Measures for Decrease of Water Erosion on Arable Land with Utilization of Organic Matter Incorporation Solver: Ing. Pavel Kovaříček, CSc. The project is aimed at monitoring of hydrophysical properties of soil, methods of antierosion soil protection during the cultivation of maize on steep land, evaluation of organic matter quality and chemical and biological parameters of soil in semi-practice conditions. After start of works relating to project solution there were selected in determined localities Malonty, Svárov, Ruzyně and Velešovice the plots destined for planned experiments with graded doses of incorporated compost. Furthermore, there was unified the methodology for monitoring of soil properties in all experimental variants. On the experiments in Malonty there is used the compost produced on temporary areas from farmyard manure, slurry and grass material originating from maintenance of meadows and landscape. On two selected plots there were established the experiments destined for monitoring of compost effect on structure and physical properties of soil. There will be monitored water infiltration into the soil in crop stands sown along the contour lines. The continuous monitoring of production economy on the plots and additional costs linked to antierosion measures in crop production will create a background for setting of normative indicators. On the locality of Svárov there is monitored effect of incorporated compost on water erosion in technology of soil cultivation with ploughing and without ploughing. On the fields there is light soil with occurrence of soil skeleton 50 up to up to 100 mm in topsoil. On the field with ploughing there is sown a crop in the direction of maximum slope, in case of minimalization in angle from10 up to 20 to the line of maximum slope. In Ruzyně there is the plot experiment with control plot and three compost rates, it means 10, 20 and 30 t.ha -1, every variant in 6 repetitions. On the experiment in Velešovice there will be monitored water erosion in stand of maize and maize sown in freezig out intercrop, Both variants in two levels of compost rates and control parcel without compost application. 18

19 Installed collector and ombrometer destined for monitoring of share of surface water runoff originating from rainfalls on experimental plot Optimalization of Dosage and Incorporation of Organic Matter into the Soil Aimed at Reduction of Surface Water Runoff During the Intensive Rainfalls Solver: Ing. Pavel Kovaříček, CSc. The simple erosion of soil in natural environment continues slowly without distinctive harmful impacts on landscape. However, this process is accelerated by unsuitable farming without adaptation to the soil conditions and steep land. It is not easy to determine the best method, how protect the soil in concrete production conditions from water erosion. It cannot be only one measure, but it is necessary to use quite a number of interactive measures. The reasonable soil loosening is the most effective adjustment of ratio between macropores and capillaries in soil. It improves the infiltration of water into the cultivated soil. Effect of this operation lasts only for a short period, it means 2 up to 3 months. The intensive cultivation can disturb soil aggregates and deteriorate soil structure. The excessive loose soil represents a risk of soil humidity loss and leads to faster mineralization and loss of organic matter, formation of silty and compact soils and as well as it can deteriorate the conditions for germinative activity of seeds and growth of crops. Therefore, in soil protective technologies the soil cultivation is reduced to the level of optimal formation of structure for grown crops. The infiltration of water into the soil is influenced by structure of topsoil. The condition for maintenance or even improvement of soil structure is sufficient supply of organic matter into the soil. The leaving of post-harvest residues on surface or in upper shallow layer of soil facilitates fast gravitational infiltration of water into the soil and represents the basic requirement in soil protective technologies. The changeovers of organic matter in soil into humus have a positive effect on formation of soil aggregates and their water stability, and as well as resistance against undesirable compaction. These changes in soil have a long-term character. The improvement of soil structure gives a prerequisite for enhancement of water retention in soil and decrease of soil washing away from topsoil. The benefit is represented by decrease of water erosion and protection of land resources. 19

20 Comparison of share of surface water runoff in amount of simulated rainfall 87 mm for the period of duration 60 minutes in crop stand aside the tracks and on compacted soil in the tracks of agricultural machinery Note: heavy loam soil, maize stand, height of stand 0,3 up to 0,5 m, slope 3,1. The results presented in this article have been obtained during the solution of research project NAZV QH The research of the system of rational movement of heavy-duty agricultural machinery over the land aimed at the reduction of technogenic soil compaction and increase of water accumulation in soil Solver: Ing. Pavel Kovaříček,CSc. Solution of sub-stage in 2012 has taken up the results from previous years. There were evaluated the rate of surface water runoff and water infiltration into the soil on light and heavy soils under simulated rainfalls with intensity of 88 mm.h -1. There were also evaluated the variants with different foregoing actuation of travelling mechanism on soil. On the fig. 1 we can see the different course of surface water runoff on sandy soil in crop stand and in track inter-rows under artificial irrigation by sprinkling with use of rain simulator. After thirty minutes of sprinkling, the runoff in track inter-row was 14,6 mm of water, it makes 30 % from the sum of rainfalls, for 60 minutes it was already 45 % of the sum of rainfalls. In the crop stand, aside of machine tracks, the surface runoff for 30 minutes was only 3 mm of water and for the time of 60 minut it was 16 mm from the sum of 88 mm, it is 18 % of the sum of rainfalls. The results show, that during the long intensive rain on compacted sandy soil, it can outflow up to a half of rainfall sum, in crop stand aside the traffic lanes only 1/5. 20

21 Fig. 1 Cumulative runoff of water at rain simulation (87,8 mm.h -1 ) on sandy soil On the plot with sandy-clay soil there was measured the surface water runoff at simulated rainfall with the same parameters. In track inter-row there was the cumulative surface runoff after 30 minutes of sprinkling 9 mm, in crop stand aside the tracks the runoff was minimal (fig. 2). After 60 minutes the cumulative surface runoff has increased in track on 30 %, aside the track on 7 % of rainfall sum. The washing away of soil during the surface water runoff was in the tracks moderately enhanced. Fig. 2 Cumulative water runoff at simulation of rainfall (87,8 mm.h -1 ) on sandy-clay soil Conclusion The results of mesurements of surface water runoff and water infiltration into the soil show the considerably different take up of water by soil in the places of passages on land and in places without passages. If these passages are concentrated into the limited tracks, the land without passages can take up water from intensive rainfalls better, than in a system, which 21

22 allows machines to run at random over the land. In the conditions of pilot-plant experiment, the area, that was completely without the tracks, represents two thirds of field area. Research of system of rational movement of heavy-duty agricultural machinery over the land aimed at reduction of technogenic soil compaction and increase of water accumulation in soil - Evaluation of the effect of Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) on physical properties of soil ( ) Solver: prof. Ing. Josef Hůla, CSc. In 2012 the evaluation of the effect of controlled traffic farming (CTF) on basic physical properties of soil and on indicators of soil cultivation quality has continued. In pilot-plant experiment, which was established in spring 2010, there was realized the system of Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) on the plot with acreage 10 ha over the period of three years. Measurements and evaluation of soil properties have confirmed the considerable effect of land passages on soil properties and on indicators of soil cultivation quality. After the harvest of winter wheat there was carried out stubble ploughing, in autumn ( ) then medium tillage by means of combined tiller. In the graph on fig. 1 There is shown the quantity of clod fractions in traffic lanes at concentration of passages into the permanent traffic lanes aside of wheel tracks and on control variant with random passages. The determination of clod quantity in topsoil up to the depth of 200 mm was carried out immediately after soil tillage made by the tiller SIMBA SLD600. From the graph it is obvious, that quantity of large clods (over 100 mm), which are an indicator of worsened quality of soil cultivation, it was high in case of all variants except for part of plot without tracks of travelling mechanisms. In this context the important argument is the fact, that, the area without tracks of travelling mechanisms represents on the experimental plot with acreage of 10 ha two thirds of total plot area. The module of machine working width is 6 m. In the graph on fig. 2 there are the results of measurements of clod resistance against disintegration after autumn soil cultivation there was measured the shear strenght of soil by vane probe TerraTest. The measured values of shear strenght of soil show the differences in clod disintegration after tillage. It leads also to different energy intensity of subsequent presowing preparation of soil in case, that it would be grown on given plot winter cereal. The results of evaluation of soil properties on experimental plot have extended the knowledge from previous years and confirmed the benefit of control traffic farming for soil protection against undesirable compaction as well as for quality of soil cultivation. In the conditions of pilot plant experiment and at selected minimalization technology of soil cultivation and used machinery wasn t recorded any unfavourable effect of soil cultivation operations, when the passages during the soil loosening were carried out in direction of all the other passages. 22

23 Fig. 1 Fraction of clods in topsoil after loosening by combined tiller SIMBA SLD600 up to the depth of 200 mm ( ) Fig. 2 Shear strenght of clods measured by vane probe TerraTest ( ) 1.20 Division of Energy and Logistics of Technological Systems and Biomass 23

24 Utilization for Non-food Purposes Head of Division Ing. Jaroslav Kára, CSc.,tel.: Scope of activity Production and utilization of biogas, processing of biologically degradable waste Reduction of gas production originating from agriculture taking a share in greenhouse effect Utilization of biomass and waste materials as renewable source of energy - biogas plants in agriculture Utilization of biogas for electric energy production and integration of biogas plants into rural energy systems Co-fermentation of energy plants in mixture with biologically degradable waste Technology for sustainable waste management in agricultural enterprises Production and utilization of organic and organo-mineral manures on the basis of farmyard manure and biologically degradable waste Decentralized alternative sources of fuels and energy Integration of energy sources for biomass in rural energy systems CZT systems Systems of individual heating Utilization of biomass for material and energy purposes, technology and economy Non-Food utilization of agricultural production Effective production and utilization of renewable sources of energy originating from agriculture Utilization of biomass for electric energy production and its integration into rural energy systems Environmental technology in agriculture (heating, ventilation, air condition, illumination) Control and optimalization of energy and technological processes Illuminative systems in structures of agricultural production Transport, handling, storage and technologies used in agriculture Mobile energy means and machinery, transport and handling machines and facilities 24

25 Optimalization of logistic chains, transport tasks on various levels oř agri-( Determination of normative fuel on for individual operations, crops an Optimalization of energy needs of agricultural enterprises, working operations and final products (wood chips, briquettes, pellets) Production and utilization of biofuels Production and utilization of fuels manufactured of biomass, fuels or the first and second generation Production and utilization of solid fuels of biomass (wood chips, briquettes, pellets) Production and utilization of thermically gasified fuels produced of biomass Selected results of division research activity in 2012 Optimization of environmentally friendly methods of processing and conversion of biomass Solver: Ing. Jaroslav Kára, CSc. The objective of working activities was realization of laboratory and semi-practice measurements of real parameters of biogas production for various energy crops combined with livestock production, eventually another by-products of agricultural and food production. Laboratory and as well as operational measurements and their evaluation with regard to production and quality of biogas including other recommendations to an increase of its production and improvement of biogas plant activity have been realized in laboratories of the Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i. (RIAE, p.r.i.) and at biogas plant Petrovice ZD Krásná Hora a.s. Description The basic intention related to construction of Petrovice biogas plant was utilization of grass stands, which are available in this agricultural enterprise. During the initial stage of operation there were used cattle slurry, maize silage and grass haylage. In most cases it was maize silage. The original plan to use mainly grass silage couldn t be realized, because it wasn t possible to achieve in this way full output of cogeneration unit. Therefore it was tested various other combinations of substrates. In laboratory conditions there were mixed various compounds of substrates and the best of them with optimal properties there were used in biogas plant in operation. The operative monitoring of quantity and composition of substrate and subsequent biogas composition and electricity output in the form of supplies into grid was carried out during the initial stage of biogas plant operation in 2010 and then in the course of operation in the years 2011 and We have recorded some selected parameters into diagrams in initial stage in 2010 and then at the time of stabilization of biogas plant operation in

26 Results of measurements of Petrovice biogas plant energy parameters In diagram on the figure 4.1 with data concerning electricity production in cogeneration unit we can see, that this production has risen very quickly from October 2010 up to December 2010, namely from 180 MWh up to almost 600 MWh, afterwards it fluctuates between 570 and 620 MWh. In the time of biogas plant decommission owing to its repair in June 2011 this production has dropped up to 500 MWh. In diagram of electricity supply into the grid this value has risen very quickly in period from October 2010 up to December 2010 from 170 MWh up to 550 MWh, afterwards it fluctuates at interval MWh. In the time of biogas plant decommission owing to its repair in June 2011 this value has dropped to 460 MWh. In diagram on the figure 4.1 with data related to electricity take-off from the grid, the value has dropped very quickly from October 2010 up to December 2010 from 90 MWh up to 0 MWh, afterwards it fluctuates in this range all along the operation. In the time of biogas plant decommission the value In the time of biogas plant decommission the value has risen during the repair in June 2011 to 10 MWh. Dosing of substrates for the whole operation period The selected values of substrates, it means maize silage, grass haylage, spent grains, maize grain and ensiled green wheat, have been averaged into one data for every month, it means from October 2010 up to March On the basis of quantity of particular substrates, the resulting values of substrates dosing in tonnes per every month and per the same period were brought in the diagram (see diagram on the figure 4.2). Fig. 4. 1: Production of electric energy in cogeneration unit and supplies to the grid 26

27 Fig. 4. 2: Dosing of substrates for the whole period of operation Parallel laboratory and operational experiments have shown, that it is possible to increase the biogas production and as well as its methane concentration by using of different composition of substrate and biologically active preparations. It is real to use the substrates, which have otherwise very questionable possibility of application (see for example an used haylage, which wasn t suitable for feeding and in a biogas plant there was rather ballast than a valuable raw material). This option enables to supply a biogas plant entirely from own sources, without purchase of spent grains and maize grains and with period of recoverability 10 years Division of Economy of Agricultural Technological Systems Head of Division Ing. Zdeněk Abrham, CSc.,tel.: zdenek.abrham@vuzt.cz Scope of activity Research of technical and economic conditions of machinery utilization in agriculture utilization normative of operational and investment costs of agricultural machinery 27

28 normative of technical and economic parameters of recommended sets for technical provision of agricultural production evaluation of state and innovation of technical equipment in agriculture evaluation of machinery necessity in agricultural enterprise Research of technological, economic and energetic conditions of production systems in agricultural enterprise recommended technological processes in crop growing, input evaluation, production and general economic profitability of a crop rational systems of reserve and productive fertilization selection of suitable material inputs under minimalization of costs evaluation of production purpose of agricultural enterprise, effect of fix and variable costs, influence of subsidies Research of technological and economic conditions of material and energetic utilization of agricultural biomass recommended technological processes in growing of non-food crops recommended systems of material and energetic utilization of production economic and energetic effectiveness of biofuels Transfer of new research results into practice and consultancy creation of internet advisory systems (sets of normative on the RIAE, p.r.i. website) creation of expert systems as the support of decision making process in agricultural practice freely available on the RIAE, p.r.i. website modeling and calculation of operational costs of machines and sets, technology and economy of crop cultivation, technology and economy of production and utilization of biofuels etc Division of Ecology of Agricultural Technological Systems Head of Division doc. Ing. Antonín Jelínek, CSc.,tel.: antonin.jelinek@vuzt.cz Scope of activity Research of problems relating to the effect of agricultural activity on the environment - atmospheric burden by emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases, odours and dust 28

29 Proposals and verification of new technologies applying in agriculture the element of nanotechnologies as well as technologies suitable for sustainable husbandry In landscape Verification of methods serving to an utilization of suitable agricultural machinery for renewal of historic countryside and processing of biologically degradable waste originating from agricultural activity, or maintenance of countryside Direct application of outputs resulting from solution of particular problems originated in process of formation laws, decrees of government or departmental ordinances Advisory activity for the spheres of air polution, Best Available Technique (BAT), Biologically Degradable Waste processing and improvement of agricultural activity In cultural landscape Authorized measurement of gas and odour emissions (certificate) Employees of division are Competent pw sod' (CP) within the Act on integrated prevention (IPPC) Selected results of division research activity in 2012 Verification of Composting Methods in Designed Composters Solver: Ing. Petr Plíva, CSc. Municipal and household composting represent a possibility to reduce quantity of waste and at the same time save money expended on payments for waste disposal. The process of composting of biologically degradable municipal waste originating from households is supported by legislative commitments of the Czech Republic related to a reduction of waste accumulation on landfills and this legislation takes also into account the cooperation with municipalities and general public. From above mentioned reasons there were tackled, designed and tested several new types of composters within the stage No. 10 of research purpose Research of Effective Utilization of Technological Systems for Sustainable Farming and Use of Natural Resources in Specific Conditions of Czech Agriculture. The designs of composters were proposed in order to remove partially or entirely imperfections of offered devices. Especially, it was necessary to optimize course of composting process in composters and reduce work difficulty during their operation (it is necessary to achieve sufficient aeration of processed materials by their turning). 1/ Modular composter (composite composter) 29

30 Modular composter (fig. 1) was developed and functional specimen produced in cooperation with company PREFA KOMPOZITY, a.s., Brno pursuant to the Framework Agreement on Cooperation. Fig. 1: Modular composter (left two-modular composter, right - visualization of basic module of composter) Design of composter: Composter consists of the following elements (fig. 2): 1/ corner stems - thermoset composite U- profile (50 50 mm) ; 2/ longitudinal (connecting) stems - thermoset composite U - profile (50 50 mm); 3/ side elements - grates from polyester resin enforced by linear glass roving, dimension of meshes (30 30 mm), height 38 (25, 14) mm - according to production residues the particular sides of composter can have different size of grates with different number of meshes and various kinds of colouring; 4/ special connecting elements - silon peg, rubber connection. fig. 2: Elements of modular composter 30

31 Composter material: Thermoset composite (polyester resin enforced by glass fibre) high thermal resistance (it doesn t change its form), high solidity (stable design); resistance against ultraviolet radiation; chemical resistance (it resists in aggresive ambient); colour stability. Parameters of fundamental module: Length: 1025 mm Width: 930 mm Height: 880 mm Volume: 0,85 m 3 Newness of device: Modular composter reminds of simple folder, which can be assembled even by less skilful user. The filling and discharge of composter is very simple thanks to demountable lateral sides. The composter is designed in such a way, that number of modules can be adapted to wishes and demands of a purchaser. These modules can be added in future to the basic set and thus enlarge the volume of current composter (variable system). It is also possible to add to a composter other supplements (for example cover and sensing head of temperature). It can be manufactured in various colour versions. Another indisputable advantage of modular composter is its long-term working life and also permanency of form and the fact, that it is manufactured mainly from waste material originating from company PREFA KOMPOZITY, a.s., Brno. No other composter on Czech market can offer at the present time these above mentioned properties and on this account this composter is exceptional. The modular composter is destined both for larger gardens and for municipal composting. 2/ Drum device for control of composting (drum composter) Functional specimen: On the basis of results of experimental testing, carried out with first functional specimen of drum composter, there was designed a new construction of this device (fig. 3). Design of composter: Drum device for controlled composting consists of rotary drum embedded on solid frame with proper electric propulsion. The components of this solid frame are supporting wheels, one of them is driven. The jacket of rotary drum is formed by several closely attached rectangular parts (laminae) in such a way, that among them there is a gap ensuring the effect of sieving during the rotation of drum. One part is hinged and serves to the filling of rotary drum. The compost is withdrawed under sloping trough. Material of composter: Frame of device steel profiles; Faces and jacket of drum, sloping trough rustless steel; Additional elements - plastic, rubber. Parameters of drum: Length: mm Diameter: 900 mm Volume: 0,75 m 3 31

32 Fig. 3: Drum device for control of composting (drum composter) Newness of device: In case of currently produced drum composters it is possible to gain a compost only after finished fermentation of the whole volume of material. This disadvantage can be eliminated by means of drum device for controlled composting, which consists of rotary drum equipped by jacket, which is formed by closely attached laminae in such a way, that among them there is a gap ensuring the effect of sieving during the rotation of this drum. The design of this device enables feedback control of composting process by means of suitable interferences carried out automatically, without necessary presence of device handling staff. Drum composter is destined both for larger gardens and for municipal composting. Verification of functionality: time flow of experiment - from September 3, 2012 up to December 3, 2012; raw material composition of attle quantity of particular raw materials in the first drum composter attle, which was realized on September 3, 2012 : grass material - 2 voluminal parts = total 0,66 m ,36 kg leaves - 1 voluminal part = total 0,33 m ,48 kg 32

33 total processed quantity = 0,99 m ,84 kg ~ 313,0 kg Preparation and course of experiment raw materials destined for processing were not mixed up before insertion into drum and mixing was carried out only in proper device. In the course of the whole monitored period there were not realized a dampening of drum content. Composting process was influenced as well as by climatic conditions in spot, where the drum composter was placed. During the experiment the raw materials were added and compost was taken off. There were recorded the times of drum rotation. Results of experiment in the course of monitored period there was produced (sieved) totally 0,3 m 3 of compost, which qualitative characteristics are mentioned on fig. 4. On the basis of these characteristics it is possible to state, that they correspond to requirements for attributes of quality according to the standard ČSN Industrial composts. At termination of experiment on December 3, 2012, the quantity of 0,36 m 3 processed materials remained in drum. Fig. 4: Photocopy of test record 3/ Multifunctional composting device composter in box version Functional specimen: Functional specimen of composter in box version was produced and its functionality will be verified in 2013 (fig. 5). Design of composter : Composter consists of the following elements : 33

34 1/ fixed supporting construction composite profile (50 50)mm of square cross section; 2/ movable supporting construction -composite profile(50 50)mm of square cross section; 3/ perforated side wall grates from polyester resin, dimension of meshes (45 45)mm; 4/ sieve perforated steel sheet, dimension of meshes (12 12) mm; 5/ wall support bar steel of square cross section. Material of composter: Combination of thermoset composite and constructional steel. Parameters of device: Length: mm Width: mm Height: mm Volume: 1,375 m 3 Newness of device: The construction of current garden composters doesn t ensure sufficient aeration of processed raw materials. In the majority of cases it is necessary to transfer manually the composted materials to neighbouring area and afterwards return them again into composter. There is not solved the issue of ready compost sieving and as a rule it is necessary to sieve compost over external screen. The mentioned shortages eliminates multifunctional composting device composter in box version. Its construction enables formation of area for shuffle of processed material and compost sieving. Fig. 5: Multifunctional composting device composter in box version 34

35 International Cooperation Membership in International Organizations The RIAE, p.r.i. representatives are members of the following organizations : European Association for Potato Research (EAPR), ESSC (European Society for Soil Conservation), ISTRO (International Soil and Tillage Research Organisation). The RIAE, p.r.i. is an active member of the ENGAGE (Association of European Institutes of Agricultural Engineering). This association is included into the EurAgEng as a regional association of agricultural graduates for Europe within the CIGR. Our institute is also a member of Association of Agricultural Engineering Institutes of Central and Eastern Europe (CEEAgEng). The representative of institute (Ing. M. Dědina, Ph.D.) is a member of two working groups: Technical Working Group for Intensive Livestock Farming (Integration Pollution Prevention and Control /IPPC/ sphere) Czech representative for branch of agriculture under gestion of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic and Technical Working Group for Ammonia Abatement in the Frame of UNC (ensuring of application and principle of the Götöborg Protocoll - CLTRP- IPPC sphere) Czech representative for the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech republic under gestion of the Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic. International Cooperation, Conferences, Agreements on Cooperation There were concluded agreements on cooperation with two Slovak partners: Faculty of Mechanization of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra The content of cooperation is common measuring work in sheep breeding with the aim to consider the technical parameters of stables and breeder conditions in a selected agricultural cooperative, measurement of air conditioning parameters of pigsty and examination of technical possibilities of sheep breeding stables for measurement of emissions. There was installed a measuring device for long-term monitoring of microclimatic parameters in pigsties and there was launched data collection. Agrovaria Export-import, limited liability company, Štúrovo direct cooperation in the sphere of applied research, mainly at processing of biologically degradable waste and reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. The content of cooperation: 35