XI-12 ENET CZ.1.05/2.1.00/

XI-12 ENET CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0069 1

Property of the Alternative Fuels Helena Raclavská Dagmar Juchelková, Ondřej Zajonc VŠB TU Ostrava XI-12 2

Presentation Everything was told yesterday (or not?) Overview of the CZ, energy structure Biomass potential and why we will use the biomass recovery Pilot tests Test on the real units Small particels Summary XI-12 3

About the Czech Reublic XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 4

Ostrava November 12 5

November 12 WPFF Paris 6 Vítkovice

About VSB-Technical University Ostrava www.vsb.cz, over 160 years tradition Over 50 years experience of the Institute of Energy utilization XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 7

New center ENET

Situation Problem 2 Solver 1 Problem 2 Solver 1 Solver 1 Solver Problem 1 Problem 3 Problem 1 Problem 3 Cca from 2000 Time 9

IEA Recommendation TWh 6000 Imports 5000 Other Solar 4000 Wind Biomass+CCS 3000 Biomass and waste Hydro 2000 Nuclear Natural gas+ccs 1000 Natural gas Oil Coal+CCS 0 2007 Baseline 2050 BLUE Map 2050 BLUE High Nuclear 2050 BLUE High Ren 2050 Coal Mix of energy sources for decarbonization

Energy structure CZ 2030 Low Carbon Sources 60% 53% Solid fuels 30% 39% 37% Nuclear 5% 5% 17% 7% 21% 15% 11% RES Gas Fuels 2005 2030 (SEK) 2030 (AKT.SEK) Fossil Sources

100 80 Consumption and Production Nucl. Dukovany 5 Nucl. Temelín 3,4 60 New Coal Sources 40 Existing Heat and electr. Units (mostly Coal) Gas and RES 20 Existing Nuclear 0 Water Electr. 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Biomass recovery Highest potential for the CZ from all RES CO 2 balance Inorganic carbon (IC) Organic carbon (TOC) XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 13

Potential The total estimation of energy biomass potential (Action Plan) 168 226 PJ (excluding fuel wood for households estimated about 17 PJ) relevant to agricultural area of 680 Tha of arable soil 440 thousand ha of grass vegetation XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 14

most exploitable material in the CZ both directly cultivated and waste biomass from agricultural production and food processing industry, including municipal green vegetation, submontane grass, biodegradable waste (biologically degradable MSW), water sewage sludge and compost XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 15

Reality I. Bioproducts separation from the landfiels Compost Utilization for agriculture (or not?) Utilization for combustion Energy consumption for the whole proces XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 16

PILOT TESTS XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 17

XI-12 18

Regulátor teploty Reaktor Kondenzace Hmotnostní regulátor průtoku Vzorek Analýza plynů Dusík Elektrický ohřívač Křemenná vata XI-12 19

20

Nach der Hydrolyse der Energiegrases Nach der Hydrolyse der Mais 21

Nach der Fermentation der Stroh Nach der Fermentation der Zellstoff Klärschlamm 22

Interesting Resultes from compost utilization Frycovice Landfills Frydek -Mistek Average Minimum - maximum Average Org. dry matter (%) 42.33 33.43 62.83 55.76 Biomass content* (%) 17.80 27.01 32.64 Calorific value (MJ/kg) 6.388 9.024 25.381 16.23 C/N 16.82 11.02 25.12 16.16 C (%) 18.40 24.44 45.98 40.73 N (%) 1.31 1.48 3.03 2.73 H (%) 2.46 4.65 10.48 8.93 S (%) 0.12 0.11-017 0.14 XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 23

TESTS ON THE REAL CONDITIONS XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 24

Biomass samples for the FBC XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 25

XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 26

XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 27

Fotografická príloha je videt detailne vlákna psinecku ve zbytcích po spalování 28

Various type 29

Results of combustion - FCB Třinec Compound Unit Content Heavy metals coal combustion mg.m -3 0.339 Heavy meals coal + 10 % NOLO mg.m -3 0.215 Hg+Cd+As+Pb coal combustion mg.m -3 0.0165 Hg+Cd+As+Pb coal combustion mg.m -3 0.0175 PAHs (both combustions test) µg.m -3 0.1 0.2 PCB (both combustions test) ng.m -3 0.0003 PCDD/F (TEQ) ng.m -3 0.004 All values are below maximum allowable limits (fly ash, emissions) This technology allows the combustion of higher amount of alternative fuel NOLO ( 20 %) with coal 30

Cd in the ash Závislost obsahu Cd na podílu biopaliva v palivu Some analyses obsah Cd [ppm] 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Cd úletový popílek Cd popílek před EO Cd ložový popel Lineární (Cd ložový popel) Lineární (Cd úletový popílek) Lineární (Cd popílek před EO) y = 0,0075x + 0,5087 R 2 = 0,1637 y = 0,0442x + 0,4562 R 2 = 0,7793 y = 0,0432x + 0,5399 R 2 = 0,9122 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Biofuel in the fuel Podíl biopaliva v palivu [%] 45 40 35 30 Silikátová analýza - přídavek % biomasy Silicat analysys with 20 % biomass Úletový popílek Popílek před EO Ložový popel (%) 25 20 15 10 5 0 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 31 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 SO3 Nedopal

Melting point of grass ash Correlation between melting point of ash and phosphorus content in grass XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 32

potassium carbon phosphates with higher melting point of ash are generated during the combustion XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 33

SMALL PARTICELS XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 34

Situation Daily average concentration of PM 10 in Germany Year average concentration of PM 10 in the Czech Republic

A, B: BC various type C: Black carbon from coal combustion D: Black carbon from oil

Izotops Pb for the polution sources identification

MAIN GOAL (not only) for the RESEARCH To verify if the alternative fuels as alternative energy source in respect of the EU legislation. Achivement of high efficiency of combustion and cocombustion process (e.g. in fluidized bed ) and all transfer phenomena. Evaluation of optimal combustion condition, creation of harmful solid and flue gas emission. Ratio of coal and biofuel. Recommendations for suitability of thermal disposal of wastes and biofuels in large boilers in the Czech Republic. XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 38

XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 39

Děkuji za pozornost I will thank you for your attention Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0069 http://enet.vsb.cz enet@vsb.cz Dagmar Juchelková +420 597 325 175 +420 597 325 177 fax Dagmar.juchelkova@vsb.cz

18-20.3.2013 Brno, Czech Republic -Konference kotle, 19.3.2013 IA IEA FBC IEA WPFFParis, on 6-7 December The dates of 20-21 June have been suggested as favourable by our Polish delegate, Ms. Aleksandra Baut XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 41

XI-12 Centrum ENET, VŠB-TU Ostrava 42

43

44

Podélná struktura vláken psinečku po spálení. 45

46

Summary Global Changes at the Energy Sector in CZ (IEA Governing Board and Management Committee Meeting at Ministerial Level, incl. CZ) Promote diversity of supply by The safe and sustainable development of natural resources New transit routes Renewable energy and low carbon energy technologies, including nuclear energy, waste utilization, where this accords with national policies and circumstances It is Member Country responsibility to set Energy Mix

Some analyses obsah Zn [ppm] 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 y = 2,4683x + 115,23 R 2 = 0,8336 Zn in the ash Závislost obsahu Zn na podílu biopaliva v palivu y = 5,9248x + 147,74 R 2 = 0,9676 y = 6,0423x + 136,9 R 2 = 0,9651 0 5 10 15 20 25 Biofuel in the fuel Podíl biopaliva v palivu [%] Zn úletový popílek Zn popílek před EO Zn ložový popel Lineární (Zn ložový popel) Lineární (Zn úletový popílek) Lineární (Zn popílek před EO) obsah P 2 O 5 [%] 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00-0,50 P2O5 úletový popílek P2O5 popílek před EO P2O5 ložový popel Lineární (P2O5 ložový popel) Lineární (P2O5 úletový popílek) Lineární (P2O5 popílek před EO) P 2 O 5 in the ash Závislost obsahu P 2 O 5 na podílu biopaliva v palivu y = 0,1752x - 0,1148 R 2 = 0,9156 y = 0,1608x - 0,2429 R 2 = 0,9202 y = 0,0476x - 0,1692 R 2 = 0,7374 0 5 10 15 20 25 Biofuel in the fuel Podíl biopaliva v palivu [%] 48

Characteristics of fuel mixture Heating value 14 17 MJ.kg -1 Heavy metals Ash 10 15 mass % As+Co+Ni <10 mass % Water <10 mass % Limit contens: Cd+Hg <10 mg.kg -1 S <0,9 mass % Sb+Sn+Cr celk +C <300 mg.kg -1 Cl <1,0 mass % u+pb+v+zn Coal Biomass Granulometry of fuel mixture (%) mass% mass% >5mm 5-2 2-1 1,0-0,8 0,8-0,6 0,6-0,5 0,5-0,4 0,4-0,315 <0,315mm SUMA 85 15 7,6 26,2 15,7 7,6 8,3 2,3 5,7 8 18,5 99,9 75 25 4,3 31,9 16,4 7,9 7,9 6,1 5,3 6,9 13,4 100,1 50 50 13,8 34,6 16,9 7,3 6,9 4,7 3,7 4,5 7,7 100,1 25 75 12,1 27 14,8 7,7 7,6 5,5 4,8 6,3 14,2 100 Elementary analysis of fuels Coal Biomass Water Ash C H N S Volatiles Heating value mass% mass% % % % % % % % kj/kg Coal 100 0 14,0 5,2 55,0 3,86 1,03 0,70 45,8 20 599 Mixture 75 25 13,9 8,0 50,4 3,83 1,04 0,65 47,4 18 749 Mixture 50 50 12,6 11,9 45,2 3,79 0,92 0,54 50,6 16 728 Mixture 25 75 12,9 14,0 42,3 3,73 1,08 0,47 51,9 15 688 Biomass 0 100 14,6 13,7 36,6 4,31 1,34 0,24 57,8 13 291 XI - 08 VŠB-TU Ostrava - Venice 2008 49