I N E S Mezinárodní stupnice hodnocení ]iydåqrvwlmdghuqêfkxgiorvwt 8åLYDWHOVNiStUXþND 5HYLGRYDQpDUR]ãtHQpY\GiQt 3LSUDYHQRVSROHþQ0H]LQiURGQtDJHQWXURXSURDWRPRYRXHQHUJLLD$JHQWXURXSUR MDGHUQRXHQHUJLLSL2(&' Mezinárodní agentura pro atomovou energii 9tGH
3('0/89$ 0H]LQiURGQtVWXSQLFHKRGQRFHQt]iYDåQRVWLMDGHUQêFKXGiORVWt,1(6E\OD]DYHGHQD Y EH]QX QD ]NXãHEQt REGREt D MHMtP KODYQtP ~þhohp MH XVQDGQLW NRPXQLNDFL PH]L MDGHUQêP VSROHþHQVWYtP VGORYDFtPL SURVWHGN\DYHHMQRVWt SL WFKWR XGiORVWHFK 6WXSQLFH ]DþtQi VWXSQP SUR XGiORVWL EH] EH]SHþQRVWQtKR Yê]QDPX D NRQþtVWXSQPSURYHOPLWåNpKDYiULH 6WXSQLFH E\OD UR]ãtHQD GR þohqvnêfk VWiW$ 0H]LQiURGQt DJHQWXU\ SUR DWRPRYRX HQHUJLL,$($D$JHQWXU\SURMDGHUQRXHQHUJLLSL2(&'1($6WXSQLFHE\ODQD ]inodg ]NXãHQRVWt ]GRNRQDOHQD D UR]ãtHQD WDN DE\ ML E\OR PRåQp SRXåtW SUR MDNRXNROLYXGiORVWQHMHQYMDGHUQêFKHOHNWUiUQiFKDOHLYMLQêFKMDGHUQêFK]Dt]HQtFK 6WXSQLFH Pi EêW G$OHåLWêP SURVWHGNHP SL SRVN\WRYiQt U\FKOêFK MDVQêFK D NRQVLVWHQWQtFKLQIRUPDFtRMDGHUQêFKXGiORVWHFKD"SUREKQRXNGHNROLDNG\NROL.RPXQLNDþQt Vt" LQIRUPDþQtKR V\VWpPX,1(6 ]tvniyi LQIRUPDFH D GiO MH ãtt SURVWHGQLFWYtP QiURGQtFK NRRUGLQiWRU$,1(6SLþHPå RILFLiOQt KOiãHQt,1(6 R MDGHUQpXGiORVWLPiEêWSRVN\WQXWRGRKRGLQYStSDGåH - EH]SHþQRVWQtYê]QDPXGiORVWLMHRFHQQVWXSQPDY\ããtP - Y]DKUDQLþtþLXYHHMQRVWLMH]iMHPRLQIRUPDFHNXUþLWpXGiORVWLVWXSQD )RUPXOi KOiãHQt,1(6 MH SRPRFt SUR NDåGpKR QiURGQtKR NRRUGLQiWRUD,1(6 SL SRVN\WRYiQt QH]E\WQêFK LQIRUPDFt R MDGHUQêFK XGiORVWHFK Y ]DKUDQLþt YHHMQRVWL WLVNXDPDVPpGLtP)RUPXOiNWHUêRGUiåt]NXãHQRVWLQiURGQtFKNRRUGLQiWRU$,1(6 SRVN\WXMH,$($LVQiYRGHPQDMHKRY\SOQQt 3RXåtYiQtVWXSQLFHMH]HVWUDQ\,$($SRGSRURYiQRYêFYLNRYêPLSURJUDP\
OBSAH ýè67,&(/.29é323,6...5 I-1. ÚVOD...... 5 I-1.1. Základní údaje...... 5 I-1.2. Obecný popis stupnice...... 7 I-1.3. Rozsah stupnice...... 9,6WUXNWXUDStUXþN\... 11,3267833,$=(1Ë67831... 11,.ULWpULDGRSDGXQDRNROtMDGHUQpKR]Dt]HQt... 11,.ULWpULDGRSDGXXGiORVWLQDMDGHUQp]Dt]HQt... 12 I-2.3. Kritéria hloubkové ochrany... 15,,OXVWUDWLYQtStNODGSLD]HQtVWXSQ... 15 ýè67,,.5,7e5,$'23$'81$2.2/ë$1$=$ë=(1ë...16,,'23$'1$2.2/ë-$'(51e+2=$ë=(1ë... 16 II-1.1. Obecný popis... 16,,'HILQLFHVWXS$... 17,,'HILQLFHUDGLDþQtKRHNYLYDOHQWXDGiYN\... 18,,'23$'1$-$'(51e=$Ë=(1Ë... 18 II-2.1. Obecný popis... 18,,'HILQLFHVWXS$... 19,,'HILQLFHPtVWQHSHGSRNOiGDQêFKSURMHNWHP... 20 ýè67,,,.5,7e5,$+/28%.29e2&+5$1<3525($.725<...21 III-1. OBECNÝ POPIS... 21 III-1.1. Celkové pojetí...... 21,,,'RSOXMtFtIDNWRU\... 22,,,2YHQtSLD]HQpKRVWXSQ... 22,,,326783=$/2ä(1é1$,1,&,$ý1Ë&+8'È/267(&+$%(=3(ý12671Ë&+ SYSTÉMECH... 23 III-2.1. Typy událostí... 23,,,'HILQLFHNDWHJRULHLQLFLDþQtFKXGiORVWt... 23,,,3OQQtEH]SHþQRVWQtFKIXQNFt... 25,,,3LD]HQtVWXS$XGiORVWHPRGYR]HQtWDEXOHN,D,,... 27,,,3RXåLWtWDEXOHN... 30,,,1DGSURMHNWRYpLQLFLDþQtXGiORVWL... 31,,,'RSOXMtFtIDNWRU\... 31 III-2.8. Strukturální vady... 32,,,3RWHQFLiOQtLQLFLDþQtXGiORVWL... 32 III-2.10. Rizika... 33,,,326783=$/2ä(1é1$6<67e0(&+$35(9(17,91Ë&+.21752/È&+... 34,,,8GiORVWLEKHPRGVWDYHQtUHDNWRUX... 35,,,t]HQtNULWLþQRVWL... 37,,,=WUiWDQHERSHPtVWQtUDGLRDNWLYQtFK]GURM$... 37
,,,5R]ãtHQtNRQWDPLQDFH... 37 III-3.5. Kontrola dávek... 38,,,%ORNiGDGYHtGRVWtQQêFKSURVWRU... 38 III-3.7. Neplánovaný výtok nebo únik... 38,,,3RUXãHQtRSUiYQQtNY\SRXãWQt... 38 III-4. UDÁLOSTI POD STUPNICÍ... 38,,,'23/8-Ë&Ë)$.725<... 39,,,3RUXFK\VHVSROHþQRXStþLQRX... 40 III-5.2. Nedostatky v postupech... 40,,,8GiORVWLVSRMHQpVNXOWXURXEH]SHþQRVWL... 40,,,3Ë./$'<...41 9\VYWOHQtKRGQRFHQt... 47 III-7. DEFINICE... 48 3Ë/2+$.(.$3,72/(,,,3Ë./$'<,1,&,$ý1Ë&+8'È/267Ë...50 III-A.1. TLAKOVODNÍ REAKTORY (PWR a VVER)... 50 III-A.2. VARNÉ REAKTORY....52,,,$7ä.292'1Ë5($.725<&$1'8... 53 III-A.4. REAKTORY RBMK... 55 III-A.5. PLYNEM CHLAZENÉ REAKTORY... 57 ýè67,9.5,7e5,$+/28%.29e2&+5$1<267$71ë-$'(51è =$Ë=(1Ë...58 IV-1.OBECNÝ POPIS... 58,9'RSOXMtFtIDNWRU\... 59,92YHQtSLD]HQpKRVWXSQ... 59 IV-2. OBECNÉ PRINCIPY HODNOCENÍ UDÁLOSTÍ... 60,9'23/8-Ë&Ë)$.725<... 60,93RUXFK\VHVSROHþQRXStþLQRX... 61 IV-3.2. Nedostatky v postupech... 61,98GiORVWLVSRMHQpVNXOWXURXEH]SHþQRVWL... 62 IV-4. UDÁLOSTI POD STUPNICÍ... 62 IV-5. SPECIFICKÉ NÁVODY PRO HODNOCENÍ UDÁLOSTÍ... 63,98GiORVWLVSROHþQpSURYãHFKQD]Dt]HQt... 63,98GiORVWLYGRGDYDWHOVNêFKD]SUDFRYDWHOVNêFK]Dt]HQtFK... 65,98GiORVWLQD]Dt]HQtFKSURSHSUDFRYiQtSDOLYD]SUDFRYiQtY\VRNRDVWHGQDNWLYQtFK RGSDG$VNODGRYiQtDYLWULILNDFL... 68,98GiORVWLQD]Dt]HQtFKSUR]SUDFRYiQtQt]NRDNWLYQtFKRGSDG$VNODGRYiQtDWUYDOpXORåHQt71,93Ë./$'<... 71 IV-7. DEFINICE... 73
ýè67, CELKOVÝ POPIS I-1. ÚVOD I-1.1. Základní údaje 0H]LQiURGQt VWXSQLFH KRGQRFHQt ]iydåqrvwl MDGHUQêFK XGiORVWt,1(6 MH SURVWHGNHPMDNYHHMQRVW EH]SURVWHGQ LQIRUPRYDW R EH]SHþQRVWQtP Yê]QDPX XGiORVWtYMDGHUQêFK]Dt]HQtFK6WXSQLFHP$åHWtP åh R XGiORVWL SRVN\WQH QiOHåLWp LQIRUPDFHXVQDGQLWY]iMHPQpSRUR]XPQtPH]LMDGHUQêPVSROHþHQVWYtPVGORYDFtPL SURVWHGN\DYHHMQRVWt 6WXSQLFH E\OD Y\WYRHQD PH]LQiURGQt VNXSLQRX VSHFLDOLVW$ VHVWDYHQRX 0H]LQiURGQt DJHQWXURXSURDWRPRYRXHQHUJLL,$($D$JHQWXURXSURMDGHUQRXHQHUJLLSL2(&' 1($ 6NXSLQD VH tglod ]iyu\ DG\ PH]LQiURGQtFK VHWNiQt NGH E\O\ GLVNXWRYiQ\ REHFQp ]ivdg\ SUR WYRUEX VWXSQLFH 6WXSQLFH WDNp RGUiåt ]NXãHQRVWL ] )UDQFLH D -DSRQVNDNGHMVRXSRGREQpVWXSQLFHXåtYiQ\DQiYUK\VWXSQLF]DG\GDOãtFK]HPt 6WXSQLFHMHSRXåLWHOQiSURXGiORVWLYHYãHFKMDGHUQêFK]Dt]HQtFKFLYLOQtKRMDGHUQpKR SU$P\VOXDSURXGiORVWLEKHPWUDQVSRUWXUDGLRDNWLYQtFKPDWHULiO$GRWFKWR]Dt]HQt D]QLFK8åtYiQtVWXSQLFHPRQLWRUXMH,$($ 9]KOHGHPNYHONpPX PQRåVWYt ]Dt]HQt D U$]QRURGRVWL SURYR]RYDWHO$ D GR]RUQêFK RUJiQ$VWXSQLFHDStUXþNDYVRXþDVQpGREQHXYDåXMtþLQQRVWLVSRMHQpVR]DRYiQtP YêURERX L]RWRS$ D MHMLFK WUDQVSRUWHP D SRXåtYiQtP UDGLRDNWLYQtFK ]GURM$ 7\WR þlqqrvwlprkrxeêwyãdngrvwxsqlfh]dd]hq\sr]gml $þnroly Pi EêW VWXSQLFH SRXåLWD RNDPåLW SR GDQp XGiORVWL EXGRX VH Y\VN\WRYDW StSDG\NG\SRFKRSHQtDiGQpSLD]HQtVWXSQXGiORVWLEXGHY\åDGRYDWMLVWêþDV=D WFKWRRNROQRVWtVHSLDGtVWXSHVSRGPtQNRXåHSR]GMLEXGHSLD]HQtSRWYU]HQR -HWDNpPRåQpåHYG$VOHGNXGDOãtFKDQDOê]DLQIRUPDFtEXGHQXWQpSLDGLWXGiORVWL MLQêVWXSHDYãDNWRWRSHD]HQtE\VHPORSURYiGWMHQYQHMQXWQMãtFKStSDGHFK.ULWpULD MDGHUQp D UDGLDþQt EH]SHþQRVWL D SRSLVQRX WHUPLQRORJLL O]H REHFQ VURYQDW DYãDNYMHGQRWOLYêFK]HPtFKVHPRKRXRGVHEHOLãLW3HVWRåHE\OSLWYRUEVWXSQLFH WHQWRIDNWY]DWY~YDKXMHPRåQpåHVLXåLYDWHOVNp]HPEXGRXSiWY\MDVQLW]GDD jak stupnice odpovídá jejich národním kritériím.
(Kritéria uvedená v tabulce jsou pouze všeobecné indikátory) 3RGUREQpGHILQLFHMVRXXYHGHQ\YStUXþFH 7 9(/0,7ä.È HAVÁRIE 6 7ä.È+$9È5,( 5 HAVÁRIE S RIZIKEM Òý,1.#0,02 +5$1,&(=$Ë=(1Ë 4 HAVÁRIE BEZ VÝZNAMNÉHO RIZIKA NA OKOLÍ 3 9Èä1È1(+2'$ 2 NEHODA 1 ANOMÁLIE 0 UDÁLOST POD STUPNICÍ ODCHYLKA UDÁLOST MIMO STUPNICI.5,7e5,$1(%2%(=3(ý12671Ë$75,%87< '$VOHGN\PLPRKUDQLFL MDGHUQpKR]Dt]HQt ]QDþQpXYROQQt radioaktivních látek, YHONp~þLQN\QD]GUDYtD ålyrwqtsurvwhgt 9ê]QDPQpXYROQQt radioaktivních látek, SUDYGSRGREQ~SOQi realizace havarijních SOiQ$ RPH]HQpXYROQQt radioaktivních látek, SUDYGSRGREQþiVWHþQi realizace havarijních SOiQ$ PDOpXYROQQt radioaktivních látek, R]iHQtRE\YDWHOVWYDMH v rámci povolených OLPLW$ YHOPLPDOpXYROQQt radioaktivních látek, R]iHQtRE\YDWHOVWYD SHGVWDYXMH]ORPHN] SRYROHQêFKOLPLW$ '$VOHGN\XYQLWKUDQLFH MDGHUQpKR]Dt]HQt velké poškození aktivní zóny reaktoru a UDGLDþQtFKEDULpU významné poškození aktivní zóny reaktoru, UDGLDþQtFKEDULpU VPUWHOQpR]iHQt ]DPVWQDQF$ velká kontaminace, DNXWQt~þLQN\QD]GUDYt ]DPVWQDQF$ významná kontaminace, QDGPUQpR]iHQt ]DPVWQDQF$ %H]EH]SHþQRVWQtKRYê]QDPX 1HVRXYLVtVEH]SHþQRVWt Narušení hloubkové ochrany WpPKDYDULMQtVWDY QH]EêYDMtåiGQp EH]SHþQRVWQt]iEUDQ\ nehody s významným narušením EH]SHþQRVWQtFKRSDWHQt anomálie od povoleného SURYR]QtKRUHåLPX Tabulka 1. Základní struktura stupnice.
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