u h^y Aps L$uAp W$pf lhpb lºdgp bpv$ cpfsdp A gv $ Ål f : qv$ udp b W$L$p p v$p f iê$ : L $ÞÖue N ld Óu spl$uv$ BdfS>Þku u b W$L$ bp gphu

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1 Registration of News Paper No. GUJGUJ/2015/65432 Pages: 8 Price : Rs. 3/- Annual Subscription : Rs. 800/- Posting Licence No. RAJKOT / 678 / ,posted at rajkot-rms published & posting dt.-daily (evening) VALID UP TO Web: ; saurashtrakranti@gmail.com Year: 4, Issue: 114 (Tuesday) sóu, âl$pil$, dyöl$ A dprgl $: NY$hu AipL$ dymycp, âl$pi õ p : 125, õv$pf Qçbf, lqflf QpL$, Q p àgpv$, fps>l$pv$ u h^y ApsL$uAp W$pf lhpb lºdgp bpv$ cpfsdp AgV $ Ålf : qv$ udp bw$l$p p v$p f iê$ : L$ÞÖue N ldóu spl$uv$ BdfS>Þku u bw$l$ bpgphu v$icfdp "cpfs dpsp L$u S>e' p pfp NyÆ DW$ép v$i p sdpd khv$ iug rhõspfpdp kyfnp ds>b s L$fu v$hpb : båfp, ^prd L$ õ mp D f kyfnp h^pfu Ópkhpv$u lºdgp p 12 qv$hk bpv$ ApS> hlgu fpy$ pl$. L$bÅ lw$m p L$pidufdp 3.30 hpáe cujz lºdgp L$fpep 12 rð{klkku îkhk 21 r{rlkx MkwÄe çkkuçk ð»kko nðkr nw{ klke MkkÚku MkkÚku nðkr nw{ klkku økk ku 21 r{rlkx MkwÄe [kõþku nkuðklkku Ëkðku fhkþku ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u ÃkkrfMíkkLk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt ½wMkeLku òuhëkh nðkr nw{ k fþko níkk ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk Ãkkuf{kt [k e hnu k ík{k{ ºkkMkðkËe fubãkkulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk níkk. ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u yksu ðnu e Mkðkhu nðkr nw{ k fþko níkk. ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë Lkk rð{klkkuyu Mkíkík 21 r{rlkx MkwÄe ºkkMkðkËe yœk Ãkh çkkuçk ͪfÞk níkk. 12 r{hks rð{klkku {khvíku nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt òuhëkh nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ºkkMkðkËe fubãk Ãkh Mkíkík çkkuçk ͪfðk{kt ykôþk níkk.suþu {kunb{ëlkk yõvk-3 flxùku Y{ Mkrník fux kf fubãkkulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk níkk. yrsík zku¼k u Mkðkhu MkV nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë yk MktçktÄ{kt ðzk«äklk LkhuLÿ {kuëelku {krníke ykãke níke. nk {kt MkkðÄkLke hk¾ðk{kt ykðe Au. çkk kfkux ylku {ws^vhçkkë{kt nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë ºký ðkøkuúke Mkðkhu çkkubçk ͪfðkLke þyykík fhðk{kt ykðe níke. Ãkw ðk{k nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþklkk 12 rëðmk çkkë nðkr nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk } yghpdpdp ApsL$uAp p ApsL$uApA ^psuep L$fgp lºdgp p Y$ugp L$fsu bv$gp gsy hpey hpey k p k p bpgpl$pv$ A dys>ãafbpv$dp 12 rdfps>-2000 rhdp pa Ópkhpv$u rhõspfdp bp b T]L$ep cpfsue lhpb v$m p rhdp pa kss 21 rdr V$ ky^u pql$õsp p L$bÅ lw$m p L$pídufdp Åfv$pf lºdgp L$ep lsp. (AS>Þku kdpqpf) Lkðe rëõne,íkk. 25 sb{w fk~{ehlkk Ãkw ðk{k{kt fhðk{kt ykðu k ºkkMkðkËe nw{ klkk 12{kt rëðmku yksu ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u ÃkkrfMíkkLk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt ½wMkeLku òuhëkh nðkr nw{ k fþko níkk. ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk Ãkkuf{kt [k e hnu k ík{k{ ºkkMkðkËe fubãkkulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk níkk. ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u yksu ðnu e Mkðkhu nðkr nw{ k fþko níkk. Whe çkkë fhðk{k tykðu k nw{ k fhíkk yk ð¾íku ¾wçk {kuxk ÃkkÞu nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë Lkk rð{klkkuyu Mkíkík 21 r{rlkx MkwÄe ºkkMkðkËe {MkwËLkk ík{k{ yœkykulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk Lkðe rëõne,íkk. 26: Ãkw ðk{k nw{ k çkkë yksu ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u sðkçke fkþoðkne fhe níke. ÃkkrfMíkkLke ºkkMkðkËe ezhku su rðmíkkhku{kt AwÃkkÞu k níkk íku rðmíkkh{kt nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë u òuhëkh íkiþkhe MkkÚku yk nw{ ku fþkuo níkku. ÞwØ rð{klkku{kt nðk{kt ^Þwy ¼hðkLke ÔÞðMÚkk fhðk{kt ykðe níke. r{hks rð{klkku îkhk nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk níkk. yºku LkkUÄLkeÞ Au fu siþu {kunt{ëu ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk çknkð Ãkwh þnuh{kt nuzõðkxoh Ãký çklkkðe eäwt níkw. 2016{kt ÃkXkýfkux yuhðuí ylku Whe{kt MkuLkkLkk fubãk WÃkh nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë Ãký yk ykíktfðkëe MktøkXLku nw{ klke sðkçkëkhe Mðefkhe níke. yk nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë ðku MxÙex slko Lkk yuf rhãkkuxo{kt siþu {kunt{ëlkk Mkt˼o{kt {krníke ykãkðk{kt ykðe Au. su{kt ¾ðk{kt ykôþwt níkw fu MkuLxÙ çknkð Ãkwh{kt siþ nuzõðkxoh Au. ynª yuf {k Lke E{khík Au. su{kt {ËhuMkk Ãký [k u Au Ãkhtíkw nfefík{kt siþlkk nuzõðkxoh íkhefu yk ykurvmk [k e hne Au. yux wt s Lknª yk rðmíkkh{kt çknkhlkk rðmíkkh{kt siþlke yuf ylþ E{khík Au. su 10 yufz nkeðu rflkkhu çklku e Au. ðku MxÙexLkk fnuðk {wsçk ynªlkk kufku ylku ykíktfðkëe MktøkXLkku MkkÚku òuzkþu k kufku Ãký fnu Au fu yks MkwÄe ynª fkueãký «fkhlke fkþoðkne fu Ëhkuzk Ãkkzðk{kt ykôþk LkÚke. ÃkXkýfkux nw{ k çkkë Mktzkuðýe ¾wÕÞk çkkë Ãký ºkkMkðkËe MktøkXLk MkkÚku òuzkþu k kufku Mkk{u fkþoðkne fhðk{kt ykðe LkÚke. ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk siþlkk kufku ¾wÕ e heíku ykíktfðkëe økríkrðrä [ kðu Au. yuf {ki ðe Ãký yk çkkçkíklku Mðefkhu Au. {ki ðeyu ÃkºkfkhLku õìkwt níkwt y{u fkuý Au íku ytøku Ãký {krníke yãkke LkÚke. nðkr nw{ k çkkë Ëuþ{kt òuhëkh [[ko òuðk { e hne Au. suþ {kunb{ëlkk {kuxk ¼køkLkk yœk su rðmíkkh{kt Au rðmíkkh{kt {kuxk ¼køku nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk :rhãkkuxo yœk Ãkh çkkuçk ͪfÞk níkk. 12 r{hks rð{klkku {khvíku nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ÃkkrfMíkkLkLkk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt òuhëkh nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. ºkkMkðkËe fubãk Ãkh Mkíkík çkkuçk ͪfðk{kt ykôþk níkk.suþu {kunb{ëlkk yõvk-3 flxùku Y{ Mkrník fux kf fubãkkulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk níkk. «kó {krníke {wsçk yrsík zku¼k Lkk Lkuík]íð{kt yk nw{ k {kxulke ÞkusLkk íkiþkh fhðk{kt ykðe níke. yrsík zku¼k u Mkðkhu MkV nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë yk MktçktÄ{kt ðzk«äklk LkhuLÿ {kuëelku {krníke ykãke níke. ºkkMkðkËe fubãkkulku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk çkkë Ëuþ¼h{kt yu xolke ònuhkík fhðk{kt ykðe Au. çkes çkksw MkhnË Ãkh hnuíkk kufkulku fnuðk{kt ykôþw Au fu nk {kt MkkðÄkLke hk¾ðk{kt ykðe Au. çkk kfkux ylku {ws^vhçkkë{kt nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë ºký ðkøkuúke Mkðkhu çkkubçk ͪfðkLke þyykík fhðk{kt ykðe níke. ipdmpæ-fs yf kflv$ f ko kyfnp s ps fs yf, uapl$dp cpfsue hpey k p Üpfp L$fpegu L$pe hplu p Ng NyS>fpsdp lpc AgV$ A psp Afh u Æ p u ipdmpæ-fs yf bpx $f f Æ p pgukhx$p deyf pv$ug u k Q p p Ap^pf ipdmpæ pguk ko kyfnp NpW$hu fps>õ p sfa u Aphsp sdpd hpl p y ko QL$]N lp ^ey lsy. ipdmpæ pguk Adv$phpv$- Dv$ yf.lp.48 f Aphgu khv$ iug fs yf-ipdmpæ kflv$ f fps>õ p A DÑfp^ dp u Aphsp sdpd hpl p y uapcapc Ad. u.qp lpz A sd u V$ud fpdþx$ ^u ¼gpL$ Qyõs pguk bv$pbõs NpW$hu hpl p y ko QL$]N lp ^fhpdp Apìey R> Afh u Æ p pguksó lpc AgV$ p Ng sdpd ApsffpÄe kflv$ f V²$ptgN A hpl p y QL$]N lp ^ey lsy. (1.3) fps>l$pv$ r{hks 2000 rð{klkku {khvíku nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk níkk.«kó {krníke {wsçk ºkkMkðkËeykuLkku MkVkÞku ÚkR økþku Au. ÃkkrfMíkkLkLku yk nw{ k ytøku òý ÚkR Lk níke. çkk kfkux ylku [fkuxe suðk ºkkMkðkËe yœkykulkk rðmíkkh{kt nðkr nw{ k fhðk{kt (A y. p p.5 D f) ilfdp afu dpl $V$]N L$fu il$ shp këkd ÅBA R> dg / audg kgfu + BÞkV$uh L$pÞV$¼V$ : kp fpô²$ ¾$prs kpýe v$ q L$ f u B- f PDF dmhhp dpv$ Ap p dpbpbg f u dp A hp sp f Ap y pd, sds> ilf y pd gmu hpv$¹ka L$fp. Adpfp ÓL$pf bpbsdp L$pC aqfepv$ lpe sp Ad Ap bf f S>Zphp dp saurashtrakranti@gmail.com

2 kp fpô²$-nys>fps p v$fl$ rs> pdp ÓL$pf r dhp p R> k5l $ L$fp kp fpô²$ ¾$prs ÞeyT AÞX$ rdqx$ep âp.gu.122, 125 õv$pf Qçbf lqflf QpL$ Q p àgpv$ fps>l$pv$. saurashtrakranti@gmail.com web: contact: WhatsApp L$fp sdpfp ÞeyT "kp fpô²$ ¾$prs'dp S> p rgõv$ b u sd Z Nh A ychp sdpfu Apk pk b su L$pB Z OV$ p,kdpqpf,kdõep L$ sõhufp Adpfp ky^u lp QpX$p. L$pB Z OV$ p L$ kdpqpf u rhns D f Whats App L$fp saurashtrakranti@gmail.com web: Ap S> f Ap u Ålfps Æhp v$f Ap hp dpv$ f ap L$fp A hp dks> L$fp.

3 Page: 2 kp fpô²$ ¾$prs dy edóu u ÆL$ NZpsp ^ kym cx$fu kpd kv$pj dp hh^ p Ny p p ^pep gkpzp pk õ ÞV$ lpbx²$p¼gpful$ AkuX$ Mpgu L$fhp S>hp b cfhpx$ eyhp p dps ep lsp (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) cps> p dpv$p NÅ p sp A çeyr rk g ape pþk bpx $ p Qfd krls Ly$g 15 ìe[¼s rhê$ý^ õhv$pj dp hh^ sds> ep hfz yl$kp lp QpX$hp bpbs Ny p p ^u h^y s pk lp ^fu Ns sp. 9 du ab yapfu p fps> fpró v$frdep ltpx $ hõv$ p L$rdL$g p guguep b lv$nuf p k pmuep Npd ÆL$ tkl v$ su Ålf dpn f gv$pf dpfsp S>f X$ép dpv$u k epdp gpl$ tkl v$i dpv$ v$px$u Apìep õ pr L$ h L$d}ApA tkl âduap Mv$X$ép L$pg fpdl $óz Apîd Mps "gh B[ÞX$ep' rhje f ip v$pf krd pf Æ. Ag. bóp s p L$dgL$pÞsp bóp Üpfp dpn v$i A pi (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) îu L $óz Apîd, fps>l$pv$ p rhhl$ lpgdp AphsuL$pg by^hpf p fps> khpf 9 u b pf 1 v$frdep " g h B [ Þ X $ e p ' r h j e f r h i j krd pf y ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey ^ kym cx$fu y pd blpf Aphsp krqhpgedp QQp iê$ Adfgu, g u g u e p b l v $ N u f d p k p h f L y $ X $ g p - f O p m p l p C h f A p h g k p m u e p Æ L $ l p u N Y $ Q p L $ X $ u r h õ s p f d p k h p f p 1 0 L $ g p L $ A p k p k p k d e t k l v $ r s d p N f A p h u Q X $ g. S > u r l p m h p d p N f u k p f s p g p L $ p d p V $ u k e p d p A L $ W $ p C t k l v $ i p g p c g u ^ p. A p O V $ p u Å Z s p õ p r L $ a p f k ¹ V $ õ V $ p a O V $ p õ m f v $ p X $ u A p h u g p L $ p M v $ X $ u t k l v $ s u k g p d s õ Z m M v $ X $ e p l s p. b l v $ N u f p d p N p f A h p f h p f t k l p A p h u Q X $ s p l p e S > p L $ p f Z h p l A L $ õ d p s p c p N b ß l s l g p õ u f X $ b L $ f p b p h h p õ p f r L $ g p L $ p A d p N Z u L $ f u R >. Ap krd pf p dy e h¼sp sful$ L $ p f N u g e y Ù p h u f i l u v $, dfzp fps fdhufq¾$ rhs>sp L$àV$ rh¾$d bóp p r sp Æ. Ag. bóp s p d p s p L $ d g L $ p Þ s p b Ó p kcps> p kbp^i. svy$ fps fps>l$pv$ çeyr rk g L$pefsp p S>hpb hufsp u... c p f s u e h p e y k p A A p s L $ h p v $ u A p p AÍ$pAp p kapep L$ep s rhfsp y L$pe yghpdp ApsL$hpv$u p L$pefsp Z lºdgp Ap rhfsp h L$ S>hpb k pa L$pB kpdpþe pnqfl$ BÅ lp Q s u L$pmÆ fpmu ApsL$hpv$uAp p AÍ$p kp ApsL$hpv$uAp p kapep L$ep Ap fp¾$d gb cpfsue hpeyk p, cpfs p hx$pâ^p, kfnz kp ÅX$pegp gpl$p rbfv$phua R>uA. Aphu Åkugu k p A Åkugp hx$pâ^p s p cpfsuep Nh Ap hufsp u OV$ p pql$õsp S>hpb R> L$ sd Ad Nm dmu il$p Z dp QX$u il$p. - X$p. Adus lp pzu y L $ p p f i p d e f b u p b l A p Q p e A f p S > L $ p V $ r S > p p L$g¼V$f X$p. fplºg bu. Nyáp D [õ s fli A kbp^ L$fi. Ap cìe kdpfpld) D [õ s flhp Ålf S > s p A f p ^ L $ f p e p R >. (3.10) r L$pg L$fsu hms cnhp cpb Da d y ß p c p B f h p c p B c f h p X $ ( f l. k Ð e d N f Q g p Z ) s d S > cfscpb kpw$uep (fl. gÿdu Nf k p k p e V $ u, k r Q, k y f s ) y d p s u Ä e y l s y. s d S > V $ Þ L $ f Q p g L $ B Þ Ö Æ s t k l â v $ u t k l f p S > s A^ bcp Ahõ pdp pguk dmu A p h s p k y f s M p s l p [ õ V $ g d p MkX$hpdp Apìep lsp. (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) Np^u Nf, â v $ i d u q X $ e p k g u A L $ AMbpfu epv$u S>Zph R> L$, âv$i AÝen ÆsycpC hpopzu u rhij D [õ rsdp A âv$i eyhp dpfqp p A Ý e n X $ p. F [ Ð h S > V $ g u A Ý e n s p d p N C L $ p g s p f u M 2 4 a b y A p f u p f p S > N p ^ u N f M p s ""L$dg L$ -eyhp fdspðkh'' A " " e y h p ç l p k Ð h ' ' A d 2 L $ Þ Ö u e L $ p e ¾ $ d p â v $ i L $ n p p e p Å e p. Np^u Nf õ pv$ L$pç gndp epåeg " " L $ d g L $ - e y h p f d s p Ð k h ' ' L$pe ¾$ddp L$bÍ$u, Qk, fõkp MQ, h p g u b p g A L $ f d A d L y $ g 5 fdspdp 200 u h^y V$udpA cpn p g u k s p k v $ f r d e p TNX$uep Æ.ApB.X$u.ku. Mps Aphg â l q f s r â N d Þ V $ A g. A. u. L$ udp u Ap lptpx $ hõv$ L$rdL$g Apìep lphp y ÅZhp dmg lsy. L$ u dprgl$p sds> sd p Üpfp S> AS>Þku Ap lptpx $ hõv$ L$rdL$g p r L$pg L$fhp dpv$ Ap hpdp Apìey lsy. V$ÞL$f QpgL$ R> p v$f q v $ h k u h ^ y b c p A h õ p d p gu^p. S>epf eyhp dlpðkh L$pe ¾$ddp eyhp p Üpfp ap d Þk L$u iluv$p î^¹^ps>rg A } A bv$u bqphp, X$uÆV$g B[ÞX$ep, õhãr> cpfs S>hp rhjep f kyv$f A ki¼s kv$ip Apàep. c p S > p â v $ i A Ý e n ÆsycpC hpopzua Np^u Nf õ pv$ L$pàgn Mps epåeg ""L$dg L$ - eyhp fdspðkh''dp fdshufp A L$pe L$sp Ap kbp^sp L$üy lsy L$, fds-nds L$u eyhp p sv$yfõsu A D Å d m u f l s l s y u A p L$pe ¾$d y ApepS> L$fpey s bv$g eyhp dpfqp Arc v$ pw$ìep lsp. eyhp dpfqp p âv$i AÝen X$p. F [ Ð h S > V $ g p s p p õ h p N s kpfhpf lw$m Æ ukubu Üpfp V $ Þ L $ f d p c f g y â h p l u õ Þ V $ lpbx²$p¼gpful$ AkuX$ (AQkuAg) u uaq hëey 0.03 p qf pv $ Apìep l s p. S > Æ h g Z, Å M d u, s u h, s Å b u T f u R >. p g u k A d u s frsgpg V$g (Apeyju AÞV$fâpBT h p m p ) u k O y R > s p R > L $ f s p TOX$uep, ÆApBX$uku Mps Aphgu â l f u s â u Á d Þ V $, A g A g u Np^u Nf õ pv $ L$pç gn Mps "L$dg L$ -eyhp fdspðkh' A "eyhp dlpðkh' L$pe ¾$d epåep Æsy hpopzu A X$p. F>[ÐhS> V$g u D [õ rsdp Ly$g pq fdspdp 200 u h^y V$udpA cpn gu^p HV$ p S>hpb Õ f u... ApsL$hpv$uAp p AÍ$p p MpÐdp bpgphp bv$g cpfsue hpeyk p A kfl$pf Arc v$ Ap ua R>uA. HV$ p S>hpb Õ f u Ap u, Ap cpd u Mydpfu Åmhu ApsL$ulºdgp p S>hpb Ap hp p kfl$pf p Ap r Z e bpgbpgp V²$õV$ rbfv$ph Nusp p D v$i dys>b S>hp kp shp hy p u. Ar $p p pi L$fhp S> ÅBA. dlpcpfsdp Z Ar $p p pi L$fpep lsp. ApsL$u lºdgp kpd Aphp S>hpb u cpfsue âå p kfl$pf f p rhðpk hýep s L$ped dpv$ AX$N fli. iprs râe âå f ApsL$u lºdgp L$fu k r L$p A kpdpþe âå u Å lp u L$fsp Aphp L $Ðerl gpl$p f AV$L$ sp S> flhp ÅBA A kfl$pf Ap Zp k Þe bm p h^y h^y DÐkpl h^pf shu iycãr>p. - S>ei D pýepe âhq dp L$üy lsy L$, fds-nds â p ^ p ¹ e A p u s v $ y f õ s Æ h p ArcNd kp MgL $v$ fps> uiudp k d p r h ô L $ f u õ h p õ Õ e â v $ Æ h Æhhp p Adyëe rhqpf kfphhp eyhp dpfqp Üpfp fdspðkh p L$pe ¾$d epäep lsp. Np^u Nf Mps eyhp dpfqp Ü p f p e p Å e g " " L $ d g L $ - e h p fdspðkh'' A ""eyhp dlpðkh'' L $ p e ¾ $ d d p â v $ i d Ó u â v $ u t k l hpogp, Np^u Nf dlp Nf p âdym dlþöcpb V$g, âv$i eyhp dpfqp u V $ u d, e h p d p f Q p p r S > p / d l p N f p â d M / d l p d Ó u s d S > eyhp dpfqp p L$pe L$sp Ap D [õ s füp lsp. (6.7) "v$i p rls dpv$ Ap S>ê$fu lsy' v$i p rls dpv$ ApsL$uAp S>hpb Ap hp S>ê$fu lsp A s ey fsy Ap pxy$ dpx$y Ney hlgy L$fhp u S>ê$f lsu. S> u Ap buå lºdgp ps L$ped pql$õsp ApsL$hpv$uAp Dcp L$fu cpfs L$pedu dpv$ S> lfp L$f R> s dpv$ kfl$pf A p dpv$ MQ h^y L$fhp X$ lh S> âl$fz D X$éy R> s yê$ L$fu, ApsL$hpv$ õs pb v$ L$fu kfl$pf S> hy ÅBA. sp S> cpfsuep iprs u Æhu il$i. dpv$u kfl$pf A hx$pâ^p y Ap Ngy Arc v$ pó R> A dpv$u kfl$pf ApsL$hpv$ S>X$d m u kpa L$f shu âå hsu Adpfu rh su - NyÏcpB X$gp hpmp (âdym, kfnd ¼gb) L$ udp u AÞe b AS>Þkuhpmp k p B f Q p L $ d u L $ g h p m p d p S > b p b y g p g A N h p g A d l p h u f AÞV$f âpbthpmp ufs> rhs>ely$dpf R > p S > X $ d p f a s c f p e g y l p h p u L $ b y g p s L $ f u l s u. p g u k a ¼ V $ f u dpgul$p L$s L$pX$uep A Qvy$ d ycpb L$pX$uep krls p u yr>spr> L$fu lsu. cps> p sp ^ kym cx$fu krls 15 ìe[¼s rhê$ý^ õhv$pj dp hh^ Ny p p ^psp MmcmpV$ dqu S>hp pdu R> MV$gy S> l] N p ^ u N f k r Q h p g e d p Z dy edóu p ÆL$ NZpsp kp fp^ d yóe h^ p Ny p p ^pep shu QQp Ap B flu (1.1) Ny p p ^pep Qvy$cpB d ycpb L$pX$uep L$s lkdymcpb L$pX$uep fdi p ÆcpB X$kpmp NyS> Qvy$cpB X$pX$uep lpqv$ L$ ÆhfpS>cpB L$pL$X$uep ^ kym Qy ucpb cx$fu ufs> rhs>ely$dpf R>pS>X$ d ps> bpbygpg AN hpg Ards frsgpg V$g BÞÖrS>stkl âqv$ tkl fps> s rb S>itkl âv$u tkl fps> s cfs såcpb cfhpx$ fpsy> Da gpgp Nbê$cpB cfhpx$ cnhp fhpcpb cfhpx$ cfs dopcpb kp uep ApV$L$pV$ ÆL$ p L$pV$X$p uw$p Mps kh oprs p R>Ì$p kd lg pðkh y ApepS> ApV$L$pV$, ApV$L$pV$ kh S> rlspe khp kõ p Üpfp L$pV$X$p uw$p p h v$ph apd fps>l$pv$-cph Nf lpbh Mps ApNpdu sp.3-3 frhhpf p fps> kh oprs p R>Ì$p kd l g pðkh y ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey S>dp 1 7 h v $ r s A p â c y s p d p N g p dpx$i. Ap kdylg dp âsp cpc L$pW$uhpmp, v$u L$cpC L$pW$uhpmp, p L $ p W $ u h p m p s p f d i c p C r d e p Ó p krls p dy ev$pspap fli. kh S> r l s p e k h p k õ p p D â d y M Qs cpc QpguA S>ZpìeyL$ R>Ì$p kd lg dp S> L$C Z apmp p ^phpi s yghpdpdp eg iluv$ qfhpfp frhhpf 17 hv$ rsap âcyspdp Ngp dpx$i A Z L$fpi. ApepS>L$p Üpfp kd lg u s epfuap p ^d^dpv$ Apv$fu v$hpep R >. g r h r ^ A p Q p e i p r A p r i j c p C c Ë $ Ü p f p L $ f h p d p Aphi. S> kam b phhp kh S> r l s p e k h p k õ p p V $ k V $ u X $ p. u. e. f p X $ u e p, S > N d p g c p C d p f X $ u e p, A p v $ c p C M p Q f, epnicpc Nˆ>f krls p S>lds DW$phu füp k p u blpvy$fu kgpd: fps>l$pv$dp 100 L$ugp duw$pb hl QpB v$icfdp u Afapk A kfl$pf p Ngp gpl$p h^phu füp R>, Afapk dmgu kamsp u fps>l$pv$dp DS>hZu y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) ApS> khpf dmg Alhpg d S > b p q L $ õ s p A u A p L $ d p Aphg ApsL$hpv$uAp p AÍ$pAp f hpey k pa lºdgp L$fu pql$õsp A A p s L $ h p v $ l Q d Q p h u d ¼ e R >. hpeyk p u Ap blpvy$fu v$icfdp u k g p d u d m u f l u R >. k f L $ p f p Ngp h^phu gpl$p DS>hZu L$fu füp R> Ðepf fps>l$pv$dp rihi[¼s (Ak. Ak) duw$pb Üpfp 100 L$ugp (skhuf: fpsy> bnx$pb) S>V$gu duw$pb ilfus> pdp hl Qu Afapk dmg kamsp u DS>hZu L$fpB lsu. v$icfdp u hx$pâ^p dpv$u Arc v$ dmu füp k p p huf S>hp p u blpvy$fu rbfv$phhpdp Aphu flu Ap fp¾$d Z L$pe u v$icfdp u ârsq¾$ep Aphu flu R> Ðepf fps>l$pv$ p AN ZuApA Z ârsq¾$ep Ap u v$ihpkuap k p kp lphp u hps L$fu (2.6) "cpfs L$ d L$u bps dpv$u L$ kp ' f p âpfc L$fphsp cps> AN ZuAp L$dgi rdfpzu, urs cpfüps> AS>gub ê$ pzu, bu pb ApQpe krls p AN ZuApA f ep QpL$X$u Mps u âpfc L$fpìep ( k p f p ô ² ² ² $ ¾ $ p r s L $ p e p g e - f p S > L $ p V $ ) f p S > L $ p V $, s p. 2 6 g p ¼ k c p Q V $ Z u d p V $ c p S > p k L $ ë Ó b s p h h p v $ i p L $ 2 p X $ p g p L $ p p k Q p g h p d p V $ s d S > c p S > p k L $ ë Ó d p V $ p g p L $ d p k y Q p, A r c p e p A g p N Z u A p A L $ r Ó s - k L $ r g s L $ 2 h p p L $ p e L $ d d p c p 2 s u e S > s p p V $ } Ü p 2 p c p 2 s L $ d L $ u b p s - d p v $ u L $ k p L $ p e L $ d A s N s 2 p S > L $ p V $ d l p N 2 d p r h ^ p k c p d p h p X $. 9 d p 2 e p Q p L $ X $ u M p s u c p 2 s L $ d L $ u b p s - d p v $ u L $ k p 2 p p 2 c i l 2 c p S > d y M L $ d g i r d 2 p Z u, v $ i c p S > A N Z u r s u c p 2 Ý h p S >, i l 2 c p S > d l u g p A N Z u AS>gub ê pzu, de2 bu pb A p Q p e, h ^ p 2 p k æ e c p y b b p b 2 u e p, h õ V $ Þ X $ ] N Q 2 d y ó L $ 2 V $ g, i l 2 c p S > d Ó u y y y y r h L $ d S > p 2 p, k l u s p A N Z u A p A L $ 2 p ì e p l s p. A p s L $ i u ë p b S > p h u e p, S > e k M L $ p 2 p V $ u e p, A p i u ó p c V $, L $ d g i i d p, v $ ÿ p p b h k p Z u, L $ g v $ u r k l S > p X $ S > p, h u Z c p C d p ê, h u d g W $ p 2 u e p, S > p N s u b c p Z h X $ u e p, h u S > e A p l u 2, S > u s c p C L $ p V $ p m u e p, 2 ÿ p p b h p e X $ p, d u ó p p b d p L $ X $ u e p, ^ p 2 p b S > p ó p u, S > N v $ u i c p C V $ g, l u 2 kp 2uep, ks>e cpgpx$uep, ky ug M p g X $ p, v $ u L $ V $ Z u, h u 2 Þ Ö c V $, a z g c p C d p L $ X $ u e p, d l i b p h 2 u e p, S > i A p X $ s u e p, c 2 s c p C v $ p i u, d O 2 p S > r k l T p g p, l u s i V $ g, l p k d c p C k y d 2 p, 2 d i c p C L $ L $ L $ X $, A 2 h ] v $ c p C 2 d p 2, L $ p i L $ p k u e p, L $ p i c p C N p l u g, 2 i D X $ L $ V $, 2 p S > Þ Ö r k l l º X $ p, q L $ i p 2 r k l S > p X $ S > p, c p N h V $ u g p h s, d u ó p V $ g, v $ u ^ p ^ g, 2 p S y > c p C h p Y $ 2 k l u s p k p b l p m u k e p d p L $ p e ¼ s p A p D [ õ s 2 l e p l s p. ( ) "v$i dpv$ Np fh u hps' hpeyk pa ApsL$hpv$u AÍ$pAp f S> L$pe hplu L$fu s v$i dpv$ Np fh u hps Ap M b kpê$ Ngy L$lhpe. ApsL$hpv$uAp p sp huzu-huzu kapep hp S> ÅBA. Ap Zu k p A Mpk L$fu Afapk hv$ L$fy Ry>. ApMp v$i AÐepf k p u kp Dcp - ficpb NS>fp (âdym, fps>l$pv$ rbëx$f Akpriei ) "lsy> h^y Ap¾$dL$sp u L$pe pe' ApsL$hpv$uAp p AÍ$pAp A ApsL$hpv$uAp p k a p e p L $ f u h p e y k p A M b k f k L $ p e L $ e y A ApsL$hpv$ kpd lsy> h^y Ap¾$dL$sp u L$pe pe shu gpl$p A np R> S> kfl$pf yfu L$f A ApsL$hpv$ lsy> S>X$bpspX$ S>hpb Ap s p v$idp flgp NØpfp Z ip^u ip^u kpa L$fhp ÅBA. - ^d ÞÖ rdfpzu (âdym, rkhug A[ÞS> uef]n Akprkei ) "S>hp p këeyv$' ApsL$hpv$uAp p AÍ$p p kapep cpfsue hpey k pa L$ep s Ap Zp dpv$ Np fh u hps hx$pâ^p dpv$ua kdekf r Z e gu^p s y Archpv$ L$fu R>uA. b^p iprs BÃR> R> AV$g ApsL$hpv$ p kapep hp S> ÅBA. psp p adgu dyl$u v$i u fnp L$fsp S>hp p këeyv$ L$fy Ry>. Ap Zu k p u ÓZe pmp M b S> ds>b s fsy Ap Z iprsdp h^y dp ua R>uA s p ApsL$hpv$uAp gpc DW$ph Ðepf k pa blpvy$fu y L$pd L$fu bspìey - khp v$ kp hpzu (rbëx$f AN Zu) ilf cps> L$pep ge Mps cps> duqx$ep kg s p kprieg duqx$ep u bw$l$ epåc y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) gp¼kcp Q V$Zu u s ep2u p cpnê il2 cps> L$pep ge Mps i l 2 c p S > d M L $ d g i rd2pzu p dpn v$i lw$m 2pS>L$pV$ gp¼kcp kuv$ u dux$uep s p kpíeg dux$uep V$ud u AL$ bw$l$ eps>pc lsu. Ap bw$l$dp gp¼kcp dux$uep A âv$i cps> duqx$ep kg p L$Þhu f lj v$ V$g krls pap Üpfp A pey dpn v$i k p í e g d u X $ u e p u S > h p b v $ p 2 u, knw$ pðdl$ L$pd u hlqzu bpbs v$i cps> dux$uep kg L$Þhu 2 lóp v$cpc V$g, cph N2 gp¼kcp kuv$ p cp2u dli ¼khpgp, v$i cps> ApC.V$u. kg L$Þhu 2 sds> 2póV²$ue V$ud p kæe L$S>cpC iyl$g A dpn v$i yê px$ey lsy. Ap sl$ 2pSy>cpC ^ yh, r su cys, l2i S>pópu, lpv$ul $ Nplg, A yh dlsp, k l u s p D [ õ s 2 l e p lsp.(3.18)

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[qtxýe Sf ykðœk s rðhkuä ûk e su{ fulÿ hfkh u kufku W h «u{ ku Q¼hku ykðe Þku Au ðzk«äk hulÿ {kuëe S yu yuf ƒx ˃kðŒk s s yuf fhkuz ¾uzqŒku k ¾kŒk{kt ƒu ƒu nòh s{k ÚkE Þk ¼ 12 fhkuz ¾uzqŒku k ¾kŒk{kt yuf s ókn{kt 25,000 fhkuz yk ðk wt fk{ [k e hìšt Au ƒes ŒhV Syu xe fkwâl e ƒuxf{kt yuf r ýoþ E u rhþ yumxux u «kuí kn yk ðk {kxu Syu xe këhku fhðk{kt ykôþk ÔÞksƒe ¼kð k {fk ku h Syu xe nðu yk xfk ½xkze u VõŒ yuf xfku fhðk{kt ykôþku Au rƒõzhku k {fk ku Syu xe k ô[k ykëh u fkhýu ðu[ke hìkk nœk yux k {kxu Œu u «kuí kn yk ðk Syu xe ykuak fhðk{kt ykôþk ònuh Au fu yk k fkhýu Syu xe e ykðf W h y h zþu wshkœ y u Œu k Ae ßÞkt ßÞkt rðäk ¼k [qtxýeyku ÚkE íþkhu fulÿ hfkh ŒhVÚke Œuyku ðkþëku fhðk{kt ykôþku nœku fu uxùku y u zeí u ý Syu xe k zkþhk{kt kðeþwt [qtxýeyku qhe ÚkE y u ðkþëk nðke Þk yuðw ÚkkÞ yux k {kxu kýk{tºke yáý sux e ƒäk u ftef u ftef hknœ yk e u ¾wþ fhe hìkk Au íþkhu þw uxùku y u zeí u Syu xe k ËkÞhk{kt kðe u 5 fu 12% Úke fhe þfœk...? yk þõâ nðu fkte Úke yþõâ Au fu nœwt Œu nðu þõâ Au fu{fu {kuëes ðzk«äk Au yk ðkœ y u yk Ëkðku ¾wË ðzk«äk u fþkuo Au fu {kuëe Au Œku þõâ Au yux k {kxu kýk{tºke Ë W h hnuœk sux esyu nðu yu ðkœ e [Œk fhðk e nkuþ fu òu uxùku zeí u Syu xe k ËkÞhk{kt kððk Úke hkßþku e ykðf{kt su ½xkzku Úkþu Œu fulÿ hfkh fuðe heœu qhku fhþu uxùku zeí W h y y hkßþku{kt y y Au fulÿ hfkh y u Vku fhœe ykur ft eyku kuœk ku fkze u Œ{k{ hkßþ hfkhku Œu k W h kuœk ku xuõ kzu Au su k fkhýu k{klþ kufku wäe nkut[œk nkut[œk uxùku zeí {kut½wt ÚkE òþ Au yh Œu u Syu xe k ËkÞhk kðu Œku kufku u nk {kt su ¼kðÚke uxùku -zeí rð[khe hìšt Au Œu ½ýwt MŒw ÚkR òþ hkßþ hfkh Œu k W h fkue xuõ fu u ne R þfu y u hkßþku u Œu e ykðf{kt su ¾kux sþu Œu fulÿ hfkh yk þu fux e ðkh hfkh y u kýk {tºkk Þ e ŒhVÚke Ëuðk{kt ykðu Au fu uxùku zeí u Syu xe k zkþhk{kt kððk wt t¼ð Úke fu{fu hkßþku u su ¾kux Úkþu yux k i k hfkh õâktúke kðþu...? Œ{k{ kufku òur hìkk Au fu ¾uzqŒku u {kxu fhkuz w «kðäk ÚkR þfu Au ƒes ylþ Þkus kyku {kxu $Œò{ ÚkE þfu Au Œku uxùku zeí k ðk h khkyku u hknœ yk ðk {kxu kðäk ÚkE þfu Au fu{ fu {kuëes Au Œku þõâ Au nðu {kuëe S {nuhƒk e fhe nðu yuðwt k fnuþku fu hkßþku u Úk kh ¾kux u qhe fhðk w fulÿ hfkh u {kxu yþõâ Au Ëuþ òýu Au Ëuþ k kufku u Œ{khk W h qhku rðïk Au fu {kuëe Au Œku yþõâ ý þõâ Au yœ: sõëeúke sõëe sux e S u Vku fhe u w[ k yk ku fu Syu xe fkwâl e yk e r{ x{kt Xhkð kh fhu fu uxùku zeí u Syu xe k ËkÞhk{kt k¼ y u Ëuþ k fhkuzku W ¼kuõŒkyku u hknœ yk u Ëuþ u nðu yr¼{k Au fu {kuëes Au Œku yþõâ ý þõâ Au Ex e Œ{u kt¼ e hìkk Aku u Ëuþ þwt fne hìkku Au...? hfkpv$u hpsphfz u Ecp pl$ yl$kp u pbs dpv$pv$x$hp, hlgu khpf p hpsphfzdp AQp L$ bv$gph Aphsp MXy$sp dpv$ dpw$u v$ip lpg Æê OJ QZp S>hp p L $ g Z h p p k d e h f k p v $ S > h p hpsphfz u h^y AL$ yl$ip u Aphhp u pbs Aphu X$ sd hsp C füy Alu ApL$i Npfcpeg kp b pq R>pV$p Z hfõep lsp Alu Qpdpky kdy hpsphfz kå ey lsy. (4.15) ApBkuey p v$v$}ap u ÞeyV²$ui S>ê$fueps s p D epnusp AN kdu pf epåep NpLy$g lp[õ V$g p X$p. ss>k dpsuhfz Üpfp A pey dpn v$i (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) NpLy$g lp[õ V$g Üpfp sd p dx$ul$g Apqakf, rk N õv$pa s p AX$du õv$pa dpv$ fáeygf kdepsf L $ p e n Ó A y ê $ g ¼ Q f s p spgudhnp y ApepS> L$fhpdp Aph Ap L$pe ¾$d p cpnê$ sps>sfdp NpLy$g lp[õ V$g p X$pef¼V$f A ku uef L$ÞkëV$ÞV$ BÞV$ÞkuhuõV$ X$p. ss>k dpsuhfk Üpfp ApBkuey p iþv$ u ÞeyV²$ui u S>ê$fueps A D epnusp AN kdu pf y ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. AÐepf v$fl$ S>ÁepA ApBkuey p v$v$} dpv$ Of u ql$q aux$ s epf L$fhpdp Aph S>dp dy eðh ky, dn y pzu, cps A hp ipl$cpæ ¾$i L$fu v$v$} Ap hpdp Aph Ap âl$pf u s epfu Ofdp S> L$fhpdp Aphsu lphp u Adfgu rs> p p v$pd Nf Mps MpX$g^pd krdrs u bw$l$ epåb gpl$lusl$pfu eps> pap AN gpl$p ÅZL$pfu A pb Adfgu, sp.25 A d f g u Æ p p v $ p d N f Mps MpX$g^pd krdrs u bw$l$dp rb A pds ApepN p ldfps>cpc NS>fp krls dlp ycphp D [õ s füp lsp. kfl$pf Üpfp L$fpX$p p bs>v$ Å N h p C A N r h õ s s d p r l s u A p h p d p A p h R > Ð e p f l p g L$píduf p yyyyghpdp eg lºdgpdp îý^ps>rg Ap u lsu. gpl$rls u kfl$pfu eps> pap ApfpÁe rinz A f p S > N p f d p V $ r b A p d s ApepN p gpcp AN kyv$f dprlsu A dpn v$i Ap hpdp Apìey. S>dp rb A pds ApepN dpv$ L$fpX$p p bs>v$ AN p gpcp r i n Z A O O p f p S > N p f g p kbkux$uap krls ApfpÁe rhjpel$ e p S > p A p p g p c d p V $ A y f p ^ fps>l$pv$-cph Nf lpbh f Aphgp ApV$L$pV$ bkõv$þx$ pk ÓZ bç b phpep bç u AL$õdps y âdpz OV$i: gpl$pdp fpls u gpnzu L$fhpdp Aphg S>dp rb A pds khz dpv$ L$fpX$p u bs>v$ ÅNhpC p rinz ApfpÁe fps>npf dpv$ dmsp gpcp dmhhp dpv$ r es d p Ap d p N v $ i } s p A p y k f m u L $ f Z k p kds> Ap sp A L$p AN ZuApA kfl$pf u gpl$rlslpfu eps> pap u d p r l s u A p h p d p A p h g l p h p y V $ h f g p g c p V $ u e p A S > Z p ì e y lsy. (4.13) S > pny$dp Np pg Nf rhõspfdp R>fu u AZuA g V$ lºdgp L$fu g V$pfpAp afpf: pguk ip^mpm iê$ L$fu S > pny$, S > p N Y $ d p A h p f - h p f N y p L $ u e â h y r s X $ p d h p R > s p q v $ ârsqv$ gy Mp Nufu S>hu âhyrs h^u flu R> Ðepf Åiu fp ÆL$ Np pg Nf rhõspf dp flsp cfscpb kphrgep f dpx$u fpó Aphfp sðhp Üpfp R>fu u AZuA g V$ Qgphu R>fu p Op dpfu gy MpAp afpf C Nep. ÅZhp dmgu rhnsp A ykpf cfscpb fkpñdcpc kphrgep f p S > L $ p V $ g â k N s p h u V ² $ d p S > pny$ Aphgp lpe Ðepf fpóu p 1:30 L$gpL$ u ApSy> bpsy> p kde dp fgh õv$i u Qpgu psp p Of sfa S>C flep lpe Ðepf gpcb fu ÆL$ p N^pfu rhõspf pk g Mp b sðhpa Aphu sd Ofu gu^p lsp Ðepf bpv$ S> lpe s Ap u v$hp y kphqsu fpmhp R>sp b¼v$fuep y âdpz sdp lpe Ap D fps Ap âl$pf p aÿx$ p sfs S> D epn L$fhp X$ aÿx$ hp fhpdp S>V$gy dpxy$ pe A hp kde Åe sv$gy v$v$} dpv$ lpr L$pfL$ sy lpe Of s epf L$fhpdp Aphsp aÿx$dp L$gfu, âpv$u A L$pbp lpbx² $V$ y âdpz ÅZu il$psy u. L$lsp cfscpb kp b pbp udp A p h f p g y M p s Ð h p A c f s c p B kphrgep f sunz lr epf u lºdgp L$fu afpf C Nep lsp, gplu gylpz l p g s d p S > d s d L $ f u c f s c p B kphrgep fgh pguk pk lp Ãep Äep u 108 u dv$v$ u Mp Nu cpfsdp kp â dhpf AbV$ L$ u Ap dpv$ gu¼hux$ ÞeyV²$ui s epf L$fhpdp Aphg, S>dp âpv$u, L$gfu A L$pbp lpbx² $V$ y âdpz ApBkuey iþv$ u S>ê$fueps dys>b lpe AÐes A p ^ y r L $ Ù s u u A p Þ e y V ² $ u i ^fgþx$dp b phhpdp Aph Ap D fps AÐes Ap^y ul$ Ùsu u lp[õ V$gdp kpfhpf A MkX$hpdp Apìep lsp, OV$ p u ÅZ sp h ^pfpkæe dlþöcpc diê, X$àeyV$u def rnfui L$pV$Qp, Åku fp p A p N h p q L $ i p f c p C k p h r g e p k r l s p g p L $ p v $ p X $ u A p ì e p l s p. (6.10) b phpdp Aphsy lphp u b¼v$fuep y âdpz Åhp dmsy u. Ap âpx$¼v$ iþv$ u ÞeyV²$ui u S>ê$fueps dys>b hp fu il$pe R> p 12 drl pdp NpLy$g lpõ uv$gdp v$pmg egp v$v$}apdp Ap p D epn L$fhpdp Aphg X$p. ss>k dpsuhfk Üpfp NpLy$g lpõ uv$g p ApBkuey rhcpndp L$pe fs sdpd k N õv$pa/dx$ul$g Apqakf dpv$ Ap AN u ky v$f dprlsu Ap hpdp Aphg A L$pe ¾$d p Asdp/dX$uL$g Apqakf p khpgp p kspjl$pfl$ S>hpb Z X$p. ss>k dpsuhfk Üpfp Ap hpdp A p ì e p l s p. A p L $ p e ¾ $ d k a m b phhp dpv$ X$p. Abfui Tpgp, i gj fpw$px$, S>ei L$pqL$ep, ud gp klpf, rhipg L$X$uhpf, ugi L$pv$phgp, deyfu kphguep A kýep kubya M b S> S>lds DW$phu lsu. (3.2) NpfM yf ql$kp dpfqp p Ar^hi u dygpl$ps NyS>fps ql$kp dpfqp u V$ud bpv$pv$ p k pgu Mps v$s rqql$ðkp L$ç epåep y y y y y y y y ¹ (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) N S > f p s c p S > p Ü p f p epå pf rhrh^ L$pe ¾$dp u rhõs s d p r l s u A p s p N S > f p s â v $ i â h L $ s p î u c f s X $ e p A S > Z p ì e lsy L$, ApNpdu gpl$kcp u Q V$Zu A Þ h e L $ Þ Ö u e p S > p d S > b â ^ p d Ó u f Þ Ö c p C d p v $ u Ü p f p s p. 2 8 a b A p f u p f p S > b p f : 12/30 L$gpL$ rhx$uep L$pÞafÞk u kdn v$idp õ p dx$g D f d f p b k b k d S > b s AsN s kdn v$i p gpm cps> p L$pe L$sp Ap A iycãr>l$p kp ku^p k h p v $ L $ f i. S > e p f N S > f p s L $ g õ p p d p S > d p N p d e A i l f p d X $ g d p A d l p N f d p 3 7 r h ^ p k c p k u V $ S>kv$Z u båfpdp amp p fpå L$fu y ApNd S>kv$Z: D pmp y F>sy p ApNd lh gpbp kde füp u Ðepf S>kv$Z u båfpdp amp p fpå gugbpn L$fu y ApNd B Qy¼ey R> A AëspacpB pd p h pfu gpgbpn u L$fu ê$. 250/- p ql$gp hqhp p âpfc L$ep hpsphfz kp yly$m lphp u L$fuAp kõsp cph dmi shp ÅNp S>ZpB füp (3.2) D f L $ p e L $ s p A p D [ õ s f l u â ^ p d Ó u f Þ Ö c p C d p v $ u Ü p f p Ap hpdp Aph pf dfp by kb k d S > b s A s N s d p N v $ i d m h i. X$epA h^ydp S>Zpìey lsy L$, L$ÞÖue eps> p dys>b kdn cpfs v$idp ab y-19 p fps>, kps> 0 6 / 3 0 L $ g p L $ v $ f L $ b y d p L $ d g Äeprs L$pe ¾$d y ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey s S> fus NyS>fps u 162 Nf prgl$papdp AL$ S> õ p D f 100 u 150 L$dg qv$ ânvphhpdp A p h i S > e p f d l p N f p d p v $ f L $ rh^p kcp nódp AL$ õ p D f 1500 S>V$gp L$dg qv$ ânv$phhpdp Aphi. S>epf NyS>fps p 41 Æ p/ dlp Nfpdp Aphg sdpd dx$gp p by dp ApS> kde L$ÞÖ kfl$pf u (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) fps>l$pv$: r çbpl $ uw$ g]bx$u p ks îu gpgv$pk bp y p Apiuhp v$ u Drdep dqv$f k pgu (bpv$pv$) Mps sps>sfdp epåeg v$s rqql$ðkp L$ç A A¼eyâkf L$ç dp fps>l$pv$ X$uhpB QfuV$bg V²$õV$ p âdym ÅZusp v$sh ^ X $ p. S > e k y M d L $ h p Z p A Å N r s Q p l p Z, d p r L $ p c Ë $ A h p l u v $ dpfap u u V$ud khp Ap g. Apif 200 u h^y v$v$} u kpfhpf L$fg A S>ê$qfeps h Ù ìe[¼s v$ps u bóuku Z b phu Ap hpdp Aphg. (2.1) "dfp by kb k ds>b s' AsN s Nyê$hpf uad dpv$u cps> p L$pe L$sp Ap kp "rhx$uep L$pÞafÞk' L$fi ApS> rhs>e ê$ pzu, Æsy hpopzu, d kym dpx$rhep, ApB. L$. ÅX$Å, cfs X$ép krls p AgN-AgN õ mp f "L$dg qv$ ' ânv$phi rhrh^ eps> pap p gpcp }Ap p Of sds> L$pe L$sp Ap p Of L$dg qv$ ânv$phhp p L$pe ¾$d eps>hpdp Aphi. NyS>fps cps> âv$i gpl$kcp âcpfu ApdÆ dp yf ab y u 0 1 d p Q k y ^ u N y S > f p s p â h p k Aphg sp.15 u 20 ab yky^udp v$fl$ Æ pdp ir¼sl$þö p rhõspfl$p dpv$ Aæepk hnp Z ep sds> l h, s p. 2 1 u 2 5 a b y k y ^ u d p NyS>fps p 9500 ir¼sl$þöp D f c p S > p 1 0, u Z h ^ y L$pe L$sp Ap rhõspfl$ sful$ L$pdNufu L$fu füp R> A lh 26 ab y u N y S > f p s p 5 0, b y d p 50,000 L$pe L$sp Ap cps> u urs A kfl$pfu eps> pap p âqpfâkpf L$fi. sdîu X$epA Asdp S>Zpìey lsy. (6.1) õdpv $ Sy>r ef âu. õl $gdp X$p¼V$f X$ u DS>hZu L$fpB hkßþ k furƒ ux {tºke fwtðhs¼ke ƒkð eþk k wºk zku. { e»k ƒkð eþk k ø «tu ÞkuòÞu k hk hƒk{kt fwtðhs ƒkð eþk { {wfe u hƒk hbþk nœkt. fwtðhs hk h{œk nkuþ Œuðku ðerzþku kurþþ {erzþk{kt ðkþh ÚkÞku Au. ApV$L$pV$, fps>l$pv$ cph Nf lpbh f b k õ V $ Þ X $ p k u Ó Z b ç b phhp dp Apìep lsp Ðepf gpl$p d p f p l s u g p N Z u a g p B l s u fplv$pfuap dpv$ kpfp kdpqpf R> Ap lpbh f hpl QpgL$p b apd azg õ ux$ dp Aphsp Qpëep L$fsp lsp fplv$pfuap fpx$ ¾$pk L$fhp A^fp X$sp lsp Ðepf b bç u Mpk S>êf lsu A A L$ hpf fsy>aps L$fu Ðepf só Ýep Aphsp ApS> b pf AgN AgN S>ÁepA ÓZ bç b phhp dp Apìep lsp lh ] hpl p ^ud ^ud Qpgi A gpl$p Ap lh Apfpd u fpx$ ¾$pk L$fu il$i. bç lsp Ðepf ^Zp hpl p AL$õdps kå ep lsp S>dp sps>sfdp AL$ apf ìlugf A Vy$hlug hãq AL$õdps kå ep lsp. Å A p h p b ç A N p h b pìep lps sp Aphp AL$õdps p kå e Z flu flu Z só ApM Mygu Mfu A Qpghp p fpx$ ¾$pk L$fsp fõsp f bç b phhp dp Apìep (5.9) (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) N p f M y f M p s q L $ k p dpfqp p fpô²$ue A^uhi NyS>fps ql$kp dpfqp u V$ud dygpl$ps gu^u lsu S>dp fs> ucpb V$g, NyS>fps q L $ k p d p f Q p p â v $ i â d y M bpbycpb S>bguep u AÝenspdp fps>l$pv$ rs> p ql$kp dpfqp p âdym rhs>ecpb L$pfpV$, fps>l$pv$ rs> p p d l p d Ó u l f k y M c p B k p Æ Ó p krls p lps>f füp lsp. (3.19) f p S > L $ p V $ : s d p p p p p c gl$papa X$pL$V$f, iþv$ A k u c rdl$pap Myb bm bu fus r cphu lsu. kp -kp âu õl $g dp bpml$p dpv$ fáeygf lë QL$A p Z L$pe ¾$d fpmhpdp Apìep lsp S>dp b p m L $ p y completely l ë QL$A L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. Ap L$pe ¾$d kam b phhp õl $g p kqpgl$ rhipg, Äeprsb A õv$pa NZ S>lds DW$phu lsu. (4.16)

5 Page: 4 kp fpô²$ ¾$prs S > pny$ p ftkl dlsp smph Mps S>mkQe Arcep p âpfc Sy> pny$, k d N f p S > e d p k y S > g p d k y a g p d e p S > p A s N s S > m k Q e A r c e p l p ^ f h p d p Aphg Sy> pny$ rs> p s p d p Ü p f p S > m k Q e e p S > p p â p f c ftkl dlsp smph Mps u dp ue def ApÛiqL$sb ds>dyv$pf rs> p rhl$pk Ar^L$pfu ârhz Qp ^fu Apku. L $ r d i f S > e i c p C u. h p Å u D [õ rsdp L$fhpdp Aphg. d e f A p Û i q L $ s b def, X$u.X$u.Ap, A.ku. u. krls p lpøv$pfp füp lps>f ds>dyv$pfa S>Zpìey lsy L$, fps>e kfl$pf Üpfp kys>gpd kyagpd eps> p AsN s v$u leps smphp S>mpiep J X $ p D s p f h p u L $ p d N u f u s p S > m p i e p A l e p s Q L $ X $ d p y X$ukuëV$]N hõv$rhef dfpds hnf S>hp L$pdp y ApepS> L$fhpdp Aphg A p L $ p e ¾ $ d d p L $ p p f V $ f y y y r c e c p C f p r l s, l f i c p C f k p Z p, c f s c p C L $ p f Z p, rhs>ecpc ApX$v$fp, ârhz hpogp, ^ f d p Z c p C X $ p N f, k f i c p C p k f u e p, k f g p b k p Y $ p, S>eprsb hpr>pzu, ilf cps> âdym iiul$pscpc cudpzu, ilf cps> dlpdóu cfscpc i]npmp, L$pe pgl$ CS> f Aë icpc QphX$p, t k Q p C r h c p N A Þ Æ u e f d p r g L $ c p C d l s p s p i l f u S > p b l p m u k e p d p D [ õ s f ü p lsp.(5.1) kyfs>v$hm-s>fuep dlpv$h dqv$f fpx$ X$bg Ë$u b phhp dpn S>kv$Z Qçbf Apa L$pdk p âdyl$ Üpfp dy edóu, S>kv$Z, kyfþö Nf Æ p p QpV$ugp u p NY$ S>hp p fõsp f u Ars p f p r Z L $ N Z p s p k y f S > v $ h m A S>fuep dlpv$h dqv$f sfa S>hp dpv$ p dy e dpn Ars rbõdpf lpgsdp lphp u v$i S>sp låfp cprhl$p pfphpf dyíl$guap p kpd p L$fhp dpn A dl$p dóu krls pap fs >Aps X$u füp S> u S>hpbv$pf só Üpfp kyfs>v$hm A S>fuep dlpv$h dqv$f ky^u p kung Ë$u fpx$ X$bg Ë$u AâpQ fu-l$p V$ fpx$ b phhpdp Aph shu S>kv$Z Qçbf Apa L$pdk p â d y M A i p L $ c p C ^ p ^ g Ü p f p dy edóu krls pap grms Ó dpl$gu dpn L$fhpdp Aphu S>kv$Z Qçbf Apa L$pdk A CÞX$õV²$uT p âdym AipL$cpC Apf. ^p^g dy edóu rhs>ecpc ê pzu, kyf ¹Ö Nf p âcpfu dóu L y $ h f Æ c p C b p h m u e p, d p N A d L $ p d Ó u u s u c p C V $ g krls pap Ó gmu dpn L$fu R> L$, QpV$ugp spgyl$p p QpV$ugp u p S>sp fpx$ u hp kyfs>v$hm S>hp Apif 4 L$u.du.S>V$gp tkng Ë$u f p X $ R >. S > g p b p k d e u s fu f]n Z L$fhpdp Apìep u. S> p L$pfZ hpl QpgL$p A fplv$pfu cprhl$p Myb S> dyíl$guap X$u flu S> u spðl$prgl$ Akf u Ap bß fpx$ X$bg Ë$u fu-l$p V$ L$fhp S>êfu R >. Q p V $ u g p Æ L $ A p h g kyfs>v$hm u S>Áepdp L$pW$u kdps> p ApfpÝev$h k e pfpez rbfps> sap Ly$mv$h õhê lpe kdn kpfw$- pqpm A lpgpf hnf kp fpô² p sdpd Æ pdp hksp L$pW$u kdps> p gpl$p v$i A Aph S > u A p f p X $ X $ b g Ë $ u AâpQ fu-l$p V$ b php S>êfu R> sd Asdp S>kv$Z Qçbf Apa L$pdk p â d y M A i p L $ c p C A p f. ^ p ^ g S>Zpìey (3.5) Ogp kpd p dlpv$h tkl p iznpf S>kv$Z: su ^pd Ogp kpd p v$pv$p ApS> kpdhpf kps> tkl p iznpf L$fpep lsp A dp v$ hluhv$v$pf d ycpc iugy p hx$ Z lw$m lkycpc Åiu v$fl$ hpf slhpf v$pv$p Ah hp iznpf L$f (4.1) kdn NyS>fps p kapc L$d}ApA 5 dpq lx$spm f Dsfhp u QudL$u DÃQpfu dpx$pkp, NyS>fps dp ÅZ lx$spg u A L $ p e d u A l N p d u a f S > båhsp L$d Qpfu Aphv$ Ó A l X $ s p g y i D N p d u k f L $ p f c]kdp gc füp R> lpg sp lx$spg u dpkd Qpgu flu lpe shy gpnu füy R > â p r d L $ r i n L $ p A A k V $ u L $ d Q p f u A p u l X $ s p g b p v $ f p Ä e kfl$pf hpv$popv$p Üpfp DL$g gphhp âeð_iug Ðepf NyS>fps p kapc L$d}Ap Z fpäedp 5 dpq u sd u X$sf dpnzuap dpv$ lx$spg f Dspfu kfl$pf kpd fpäecfdp ^fzp epæ rhfp^ âv$i u QudL$u DÃQpfu NyS>fps fpäe hp[ëdl$u kdps> p A Ý e n A k a p C L $ d Q p f u A p p Þepe dpv$ kfl$pf A só kpd kss TT dsp gpgæ cns dpx$pkp kql $V$ lpdkdp âk L$pÞafÞk L$fu kapc L $ d Q p f u A p u r h r h ^ d p N Z u A p k v $ c u d p r l s u A p u 5 d p Q f p Ä e ì e p u k a p C L $ d Q p f u A p u l X $ s p g A N Å Z L $ p f u A p h p d p Aphu lsu.(6.2) lmhv$ kv¹$cph p i nrzl$ kly$g Mps kpõl $rsl$ L$pe ¾$d epåep ksp-dlsp u D [õ rsdp ^p.10 A 12 p ss>õhu spfgpap y kþdp L$fpey lmhv$, lmhv$ kv¹ cph p i nrzl$ kly$g Mps kv¹ cph p L$ kn epåep kv¹cph p i nrzl$ kly$g kõ p p p Q h j y f p s p s p. 2 3 p ir hpf p fps> kv¹cph p L$ kn AL$ cìe kpõl $rsl$ L$pe ¾$d epåep Ap L $ p e ¾ $ d d p f Z Æ s N Y $ l q f L $ ó Z ^ p d u ^ p f g k s p r h ð h v $ õ h p d u Æ, N y { c r ¼ s l q f v $ p k Æ õhpdu Æ A lmhv$ gÿdu pfpez dqv$f p dls qv$ L$ dlpfps> hfv$ l õ s q v $ â p N V $ é L $ f u L $ p e ¾ $ d u i ê A p s L $ f h p d p A p h u Ð e p f b p v $ k õ p p N u f u i c p C g L y $ d V ² $ õ V $ u â h u Z c p C L $ Z Å f u e p s d p d dldp p y kp[åv$l$ õhpns L$fhpdp Apìey. A p L $ p e ¾ $ d d p k v ¹ c p h p kõ p p sdpd V²$õV$uAp Ap u lps>fu L$pe ¾$ddp 500 u h^pf bpml$p Üpfp 18 S>V$gu L $rsap fs > L$fhpdp Aphu A R> p 5 hj dp ^pfz 10 A 1 2 r h Û p } A p 1 u 3 b f d m h g r h Û p } A p r i ë X $ A p u kþdpr s L$fhpdp Apìep kv¹cph p kly$g 1100 h^pf rhûp }ApA L$píduf yghpdp huf iluv$ egp S>hp p b rdr V$ y dp h s px$u A p h p d p A p h u î Ù p S > r g A p L $ p e ¾ $ d d p S > V $ g p g p L $ p A L $ p e ¾ $ d r l p þ e p l s p L $ p e ¾ $ d y kqpg QÖL$pscpC L$ZTpfuep A â h u Z c p C L $ Z Å f u e p p s p u A p N h u i g u d p L $ e y l s y k p Apcpfrhr^dp v$gpgcpb ÅbyqL$ep Üpfp L$fhpdp Apìey Ap L$pe ¾$d k a m b p h h p d p V $ k v ¹ c p h p i nrzl$ kly$g p sdpd rinl$ NZ cpf S>lds DW$phu lsu L$pe ¾$d kam b phhpdp Apìep lsp.(6.4) Œk e þwrøfhý: 973 fhkuz kt «kusuõx u fulÿyu yk e e eítze yu{.úku khk u rëõne{kt Œk e{kt «ðuþœwt Ëqr»kŒ kýe yxfkðe Ëe u MðåA hk¾ðk k {kmxh à k wt «uílxuþ ykãþwt. Œu{ kt Þkoðhý {tºkk Þ e {tsqhe uðk e ƒkfe nœe. su u yksu fulÿ hfkh e úklx {kxu rëõne{kt hsq fhkþku nœku. fhðk e fk{ehe qhe fhe 100 yu{yu ze fhœk ðäkhu Ëqr»kŒ kýe u zkþðxo fhðk{k V Œk {u ðe Au. y u rsõ k t[kþœ rðmœkh{k Ëe u Œe fk{ehe fhðk ku {kmxh à k ŒiÞkh fþkuo Au. yk Þkus k ka fw 922 «uílxuþ ƒkë Þkoðhý {tºkk Þu BÞwr r fr{þ h Œk e Ëe{k ¾ku ðz, fhkuz ku ¾[o Úk kh Au. íþkhu yk whœ,œk.26 Þkoðhý {tºkk Þu {tsqh fþkuo Au. 21 fhkuz kt ðäkhk kúku 973 yuf ý ðk qaâk rð k «kusuõx u {tsqhe yk e ËeÄe. Œk e Ëe k W hðk {kúke X ðkœw Ëwr»kŒ kýe yxfkðe rn u MðåA fhðk {kxu kr fkyu Á 922 fhkuz ku Œk e þwâæäfhý ku {kmxh à k ŒiÞkh fþkuo nœku. yk «kusuõx {kxu fulÿ yu{.úki khk y u r xe Rs uh ¼hŒ Ë k u Á 922 fhkuz e Þkus k wt «uílxuþ rëõne{kt hsq fþo nœwt. WÕ u¾ eþ Au fu, whœ þnuh k kufku u eðk w kýe qhe kzœe Œk e Ëe{k Ëhhkus 38 fhkuz r xh Ëqr»kŒ kýe X ðkþ fk{hus, ytƒku e, fxkuh k{, k kuëhk, ƒkiäk rnœ k rðmœkhku{kúke xh wt Ëwr»kŒ kýe Ëe{k X ðkþ Au. WfkR zu{{kúke Ëe wt kýe ef u íþkhu Œu þwø nkuþ Au. htœw whœ wäe nkut[œk s ðå[u k k{ku wt xh w kýe ¼ u Au. su u fkhýu Þkus k u R yksu rëõne{kt BÞwr r fr{þ h yu{. Úki khk y u r xe Rs uh «uílxuþ fhkþwt nœwt. kuf ¼k e [qtxýe ònuh ÚkkÞ Œu nu k Œk e þwâæäfhý Þkus k u {tsqhe { e òþ Œuðe qhu qhe þfþœk Œku nœe, su u whœ e Œk e Ëe kt fhkuz kt «kusuõx u {tsqhe { e Au. hfkh ŒhVÚke ku{ðkhu e e Au. AuÕ k A {rn k{kt kr fkyu kýe e hku ðkuxh õðkur xe ¾hkƒ {tsqhe { e sœk nðu whœ ðå[uúke þwrøfhý {kxu ku «kusuõx fulÿeþ whœ k BÞwr r fr{þ h Ítze { e E Au. fulÿ k {kºk ðk f y u ðhkak ¾kze zkþðxo ÚkE E Au. kr fk W hkœ wzk kh ÚkŒe Ëe þwø Úkþu. ApÐdue eyr hrk V$u p iycpfc dp hue d ëep u kcf rinz hs dp kde u S>ê$qfeps: dy edóu ê$ pzu rhfpzu kpeþk L$pgS> u kyhz S>esu DS>hpC y ¹ y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) fps>l$pv$dp frhhpf epåegp A p Ð d u e e r h r k V $ u p D v $ O p V $ kdpfpldp dy edóu rhs>e ê$ pzu D [õ s füp lsp. kp rhfpzu kpeþk L$pgS> u kyhz S>esu A e p N u ^ p d N ê $ L $ m u r Ó - v $ i p [ å v $ u DS>hZu L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. Ap âkn dy edóu ê$ pzua S>Zpìey lsy L$, dp hue d ëep u k c f q i n Z h s d p k d e u S>ê$qfeps ApÐdue eyr hrk V$u Üpfp rinz u kp kõl$pf p kdþhe h^y kpfu fus C il$i. kdpfpldp Arsr rhij v$ u bpgsp rinz d Ó u c Þ Ö t k l Æ Q X $ p k d p A fps>npf A L$p iëe L$ÞÖdp fpmu pfpez Nf L$Þep ipmp dpx$ õl $g L$d gr N kþv$fdp qfhrs s C y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) N S > f p s A p C. A. A k. A p q a k k h p C ì T A k p r k A i (Æ.ApC.A.Ak.Ap.X$bëey.A.) Ü p f p l p ^ f p e g A L $ h u A Apiuhp v$ê lg p qfzpd õhê fpäedp rhrh^ ilfp A Npdp u ipmpap p L$pepL$ë B flep A p A r c e p A s N s f p S > L $ p V $ p L $ p W $ p q f e p r h õ s p f u p f p e Z N f L$Þep ipmp bpml$p rinz rkhpe u rhrh^ BÑf âh rsap y op kp Q g p h s p A æ e p k ¾ $ d p h s d p kde u S>ê$qfeps lphp y S>Zpìey lsy. kp S> ApÐdue eyr hrk V$u u õ p p AN Arc v$ pw$ìep lsp. â p k r N L $ D v ¹ $ b p ^ L $ f s p Ð e p N h c õ h p d u A L $ ü y l s y L $, fps>e kfl$pf S>epf eyr hrk V$u u fq p dpv$ y bug kpf L$e y Ðepf lqfâkpv$ õhpduæa blº dprd L$ hps L$fu lsu. Ap Z S> L$pC L$e y R> s ApS> dóu rhcphfub v$h p lõs Dv¹$OpV$ N ç d s A p s u A L $ d p X $ g q N kþv$f p ê dp qfhrs s B il$u p f p e Z N f L $ Þ e p i p m p y p fps> dnmhpf kps> 4 h p Á e N y S > f p s f p Ä e p d Ó u rhcphfub v$h (drlgp A bpm L$ëepZ, rinz(âp rdl$ A DÃQ r i n Z ) A e p Ó p ^ p d r h c p N, N y S > f p s ) p h f v $ l õ s D v $ O p V $ rhûp }Ap dpv$ L$e y R> lh Ap Zu S>hpbv$pfu h^u NC Ap L$pe ¾$ddp rhfpzu kpeþk L$pgS> dpv$ p dy e v$psp qfhpf r h f p Z u q f h p f y k Þ d p L $ f u L $seosp ìel$s L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. rhfpzu qfhpf hsu A ugcpc A k d u f c p C r h f p Z u A d y e d Ó u p lõs kþdp Ó A õd rs rql õhul$pep lsp.(5.3) L$fhpdp Aph pf A p k d p f p l d p d y e d Ó u r h S > e c p C ê p Z u p Ð _ u A f p S > L $ p V $ i l f d r l g p c p S > p â c p f u A S > r g b ê p Z u Arsr rhij sful$ D [õ s fli. d e f r b p b A p Q p e p A Ý e n õ p epå pf Ap L$pe ¾$ddp Æ. A p C. A. A k. A p. X $ b g ¹ e y. A. p AÝen A NyS>fps p dy e krqh S >. A. t k O p Ð _ u d u p t k O k r l s p d l p y c p h p u r h i j âfzpv$peu D [õ rs fli.(3.1) lmhv$ u kfv$pf V$g õl $g Mps ""dfp v$i bv$g flp l '' L$pe ¾$d epåep lmhv$, lmhv$ u kfv$pf V$g rhûp k L y $ g M p s s p. 2 4 f r h h p f p kýepa hprj L$ B pd rhsfz A dfp v$i bv$g flp l rhje f AL$ rhriô kpõl $rsl$ L$pe ¾$d DS>hhpdp Apìep L$pe ¾$ddp Arsr rhij y õ p lmhv$ p pdpql$s DÛpN rs S > i y c p B V $ g A N f p r g L $ p âdym AS>ecpC fphg ^pfpip u A k. A p f. T p g p s p l k y c p C hfdpfp A NyS> ipl ipcpìey lsy kp V²$õV$uAp D [õ s füp lsp L$pe ¾$d u iêapsdp huf iluv$p b rdr V$ y dp h s px$u îùps>rg pw$hhpdp Aphu Ðepfbpv$ Arsr rhij p lõs v$u âpnv$é u iêaps Aæepk âh rsdp â d õ p âpá L$f pf 121 rhûp }Ap âpðkprls L$ep L $ f h p d p A p h u b Q Z à g õ L $ g k f v $ p f V $ g r h Û p r h Û p g e A k f v $ p f [ å g L $ õ L $ g p c p C A p - bl p hj v$frdep epåeg âs¹el$ kl AæeprkL$ âh rsdp â d õ p âpá L$f pf 121 rhûp }Ap dx$g A k q V $ q a L $ V $ A p e s L $ f h p d p Apìep kpõl $rsl$ L$pe ¾$ddp NZi hv$ kp iycpfc L$fu Æh p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p fk S>hp L$ iynpf ipe L${Z l p õ e h N f r h r h ^ L $ r s A p Ü p f p kprbs L$ey L$ dfp v$i bv$g flp l AL$gìe NyfyLy$m p rhûp }ApA epnp A Apd} u ud Üpfp hpguap dódyá^ L$fu dy¼ep lsp bq Z p p p c g L $ p A p u d p X $ u ^ p f Z blpf p rhûp } cpcap bl pa psp u kyv$f L$gp Üpfp sdpd gpl$p ApL$rj s L$ep lsp. Ap L$pe ¾$ddp lmhv$ spgyl$p A blpfnpd u sds> l m h v $ p g p L $ p d p V $ u k e p d p D [õ s füp lsp.(6.5) fkutúu k qðo yæþûk kur Þk ktäe k s{ke y u r«þtfk ktäe k rœ hkuƒzo ðkzùk u ŒksuŒh{kt s hksfkhý{kt Ít kððk k tfuœ ykãþk Au. nðu W kh «Ëuþ k {whkëkƒkë{kt Þwðk fkutúu u ðkzùk e W{uËðkhe u E u kumxh kôþk Au. yk kumxh{kt sýkðkþwt Au fu hkuƒzo ðkzùk wt {whkëkƒkë kuf ¼k [qtxýe zðk {kxu MðkŒ Au. ðkzùkyu yuf rëð ykw s kuœk e Vu ƒwf kumx{kt ÏÞwt nœwt fu ykhku -«íþkhku ku Ëkuh qýo Úkþu Œku Œu kuf uðk fhðk EåAu Au. Œu{ e Je r«þtfk ktäe ðkzùkyu ŒksuŒh{kts fkutúu k {nk r[ð Ëu r ÞwõŒ fhkþk Au. kuf ¼k [qtxýe {kxu fkutúu yæþûk hknw ktäeyu Œu{ u qðo W kh «Ëuþ e sðkƒëkhe kut e Au.

6 Page: 5 kp fpô²$ ¾$prs ¼khík îkhk nw{ k syhe çklke økþk níkk : økku¾ u siþlkk ykíktfðkëeyku {kuxk nw{ kykulke íkiþkhe{kt níkk Ãkkfe økwó {krníke {éþk çkkëúke ¼khíku ApsL$uAp p ^psuep Y$ugp L$fsy hpey k p suþlkk yœkyku Ãkh LkkuLk r{r xhe yuõþlk nux nw{ kyku fþko : økku¾ u ykôþk níkk. {wí^vhkçkkëlkk hmíkk Ãkh ykðíkk ¼khíkeÞ ÞwØ rð{klkkuyu ºkkMkðkËeykuLkk yœk Ãkh çkkuçk ͪfðk{kt ykôþk níkk. yºku LkkUÄLkeÞ Au fu nk {kt Ãkw ðk{kt ¾kíku MkeykhÃkeyuVLkk fkv k Ãkh ºkkMkðkËe nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþkuníkku. su{kt 40 sðklk þneë ÚkÞkníkk. suþu {kunb{ë îkhk yk nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþku níkku. rðfkmklkk {k{ u ðkík fhíkk íku{ýu fìkw níkw fu Ëuþ{kt økheçke LkkçkwËeLke rëþk{kt {kuxk Ãkøk k uðk{kt ykðe hìkk Au. ykíktfðkëeykuyu 14{e VuçkúwykheLkk rëðmku yuf {kuxk nw{ klku ytò{ ykãþku níkku. yk nw{ k{kt MkeykhÃkeyuVLkk 40 sðklkku þneë ÚkR økþk níkk. íkksuíkhlkk ð»kkuo{kt MkkiÚke {kuxk nw{ klku ºkkMkðkËeyku îkhk ytò{ ykãkðk{kt ykôþk çkkë Ëuþ¼h{kt kufku{kt Ãknu kúke yk kuþ Au. 14{e VuçkúwykheLkk rëðmku ºkkMkðkËeyku îkhk økwóheíku çkeakððk{kt ykðu e ò nux yk ¼e»ký nw{ klku ytò{ ykãkðk{kt ykôþku níkku su{kt MkeykhÃkeyuVLkk sðklkku VMkkÞk níkk. Whe{kt MkÃxuBçkh 2016{kt ykíktfðkëe nw{ k çkkë Mkwhûkk Ë ku Ãkh yk u MkkiÚke {kuxk nw{ k íkhefu økýðk{kt ykðu Au. (AS>Þku kdpqpf) Lkðe rëõne,íkk. 26 Ãkw ðk{k ºkkMkðkËe nw{ k çkkë sðkçke fkþoðkne fhelku ¼khíku yksu ÃkkrfMíkkLk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt ¼e»ký nw{ k fþko níkk. ¼khíku nðkr nw{ k çkkë yksu Mkðkhu nw{ k ytøku {krníke ykãke níke. MkkÚku MkkÚku fìkw níkw fu suþlkk MkkiÚke {kuxk yœklku Vwtfe {khðk{kt ykôþk Au. ÃkkrfMíkkLke ºkkMkðkËeykuLku ¼khu LkwfMkkLk ÃknkU[kze Ëuðk{kt ykôþw Au. ¼khíkeÞ rðëuþ Mkr[ð økku¾ uyu fìkw níkw fu yk nw{ k{kt suþlkk {kuxe MktÏÞk{kt ºkkMkðkËeyku {kþko økþk níkk. rðëuþ Mkr[ð økku¾ uyu fìkw níkw fu Ãkkfe økwó {krníke {éþk çkkë ¼khíku suþu Lkk yœkyku Ãkh LkkuLk r{r xhe yuõþlk nux nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk níkk. rðsþ økku¾ u fìkw níkw fu Ëuþ{kt ºkkMkðkËeyku {kuxk nw{ k fhðklke íkiþkhe{kt níkk. yuðe {krníke Ãký ykðe hne níke fu ºkkMkðkËeykuLku ¾íkhLkkf xùu Lkøk ykãkðk{kt ykðe hne Au. {krníke {éþk çkkë ¼khík îkhk nw{ k syhe çklke økþk níkk. S>çdy QpfZ fps> s kpõl $rsl$ dlpðkh g]bx$u Mps fps>l$rh îu il$fv$p Æ v$ p u ârsdp y A phfz i sp.11 dpq p fps> kps> 5 L$gpL$ A phfz L$pe ¾$d, kps> 7:30 L$gpL$ QpfZu kprlðe X$pefp Crslpk rhv$ dlpfpå f^yhuftklæ v$hx$ ârsdp y A phfz L$fi v $ h X $ ( r i f p l u - fps>õ p ) ^pfi A L$rhfpS> u ârsdp y A phfz L$fi. Ðepfbpv$ kps> 7:30 L$gpL$ u astklæ Æ Mps QpfZu kprlðe p X$pefp epåi. S>dp 51 QpfZp kprlðe u fdtv$ bpgphi kp S> QpfZ L$rhAp A nróe kdps> p ApNhp p y kþdp i. kp Arsr Ap dpv$ cps> u ìehõ p Z fpmhpdp Aphu g]bx$u fpäe p L $ r h î u i L $ f v $ p Æ v $ p u â r s d p A p h f Z s p. 1 1 d p Q, k p d h p f p f p S > i k p S > 5 L $ g p L $ ìlpcv$ lpdk pk, L$pV$ u bpsy>dp, g ] b X $ u M p s A p c ì e L $ p e ¾ $ d D S > h p i. A p A h k f f A r s r r h i j s f u L $ C r s l p k r h v $ d l p f p Å f O y h u f t k l Æ Q p f Z - f p S > s k d p S > Ü p f p A p L $ p e ¾ $ d c ì e f u s D S > h p i f p S > õ p d p d p m h p, r d p X $, N y S > f p s d p L $ à R >, k p f p ô ² Ahkfuep Ap v$ p hms sï hfv$p, nróe L$f R> QpfZ y õ l kcf kþdp, g]bx$u fpäe L$rh êx$p k oîu il$fv$p, rhýephs v$psp hx$p dp v$ QpfZ dlp g]bx$u fpäe L$rhîu il$fv$p Æ v$ p u ârsdp y A phfz kps> 5:00 L$gpL$. õ m: ìlpcv$ lpdk pk, L$pV$ u bpsy>dp, g]bx$u. A t k ^ A p c p f s p f S > h p X $ p A p d p k d e k d e â r s c p h p f p S > L $ r h A p e p. A d p p A L $ r h Ü p v $ p s p f L $ r h A V $ g T p g p h p X $ p f p S > L $ r h î u il$fv$p Æ v$ p QpfZ A fps> s p k b ^ R > L $ y f p Å h M s u Q p ë e p A p ì e p R >. n r Ó e k N Q p f Z p A V $ g k p y A k y N ^, dlprihfpró p dmp r rds h^y hu 3 V²$ p v$px$i (kp fpô² ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) S > p N Y $ d p e p Å C f l g p d l p r i h f p r Ó p d m p d p A p h s p eróaap p AphsuL$pg u S> Okpfp i{ i Ðepf V²$ pdp V²$pqaL$ u kdõep Ecu pe gpl$p V²$ p X$åbp D f bku dykpafu L$fsp lpe A S> ÅMdu Ðepf Ap hms Z A h y p e f g h r h c p N Z s epfuap L$fu gu^u fps>l$pv$ fgh dx$m p âcpfu u.bu. u ph s u epv$udp S>Zpìey L$ dlprihfpró p d m p g u ^ f p S > L $ p V $ - S y > p N Y $, Sy> pny$-ksp^pf, kpd p -Sy> pny$ Nf âp rdl$ rinz krdrs ApepÆs êv$ f Qpgsu V²$ pdp h^pfp p 16 L$pQ gnphp$i êv$ D f rhij V²$ dyl$hpdp Aphi A L$V$guL$ NpX$uApdp h^pfp p L$pQ gnpx$hpdp Aphi h^pfp u hu 3 V²$ p dyl$hpdp Aphi. Ap V²$ dp u 1 V²$ sp.3 ky^u kps> 5:10 hpáe fps>l$pv$ u D X$i S> kps> 8 hpáe S y > p N Y $ l p Q p X $ i, S > V ² $ f u V $ S > pny$ u kps> 9:20 D X$i A f p Ó 1 1 : 4 0 h p Á e f p S > L $ p V $ lpqpx$i. buå Sy> pny$-ksp^pf dmp u õ rieg V²$ 6 qv$hk ky^u Q g p h h p d p A p h i. A p D f p s L $ p m u 4 s p f u M k y ^ u h f p h m - Adv$phpv$ A¼kâk dp 3 A.ku. AL$ õgu f A 2 S> fg L$pQ h^pfp p g N p X $ p i. h f p h m A d v $ p h p v $ BÞV$fkuV$u A¼kâkdp 4 S> fg L$pQ h^pf gnpx$hpdp Aphi. kpd p - fps>l$pv$ gpl$g dp 4 S> fg L$pQ gnpx$pi. S > pny$-v$ghpx$p gpl$gdp 1 S> fg L$pQ gnpx$pi. Sy> pny$- ^ f u g p L $ g V ² $ d p 1 S > f g L $ p Q gnpx$pi. Apd, b^u V²$ pdp C L y $ g 1 6 h ^ p f p L $ p Q g N p X $ h p d p Aphi.(4.6) nróe u fps> urs, hufsp, v$pspfu, Þ e p e, h V $ - h Q p A k õ L $ p f p k s s ^ b L $ s p f p M h p d p Q p f Z k d p S > y d p V y $ e p N v $ p f ü y R >. W$pL$pf kplb g]bx$u, Tpgp d p N y Æ d l p f p S > s p f p S > L $ r h i L $ f v $ p Æ v $ p q f h p f r d Ó Z pw$ìey kdn L$pe ¾$d y ApepS> lj v$tklæ fpzp A L$ey (5.14) QpfZu kprlðe X$pefp 51 QpfZ p õhd M hpzu u ëlpzu fpó 7:30 L$gpL$ u... õ m : asltklæ Æ, V²$pg u kpd. g]bx$u. ró-qv$hkue hpgu kdg k ß (kp fpô² ¾$prs L$pep ge) Nf âp rdl$ rinz krdrsfps>l$pv$ Üpfp ApepÆs ró-qv$hkue hpgu kdg L$u NC L$pg qx$s S>hplfgpg l{ âp.ipmp.67 Mps A ApS> fps> íepdpâkpv$ dympæ âp.ipmp.69 Mps hpgu ÅN rs L$pe ¾$d epåep lsp. Ap sl$ M b S> dpv$u k epdp hpguap lps>f f ü p l s p A p s p p b p m L $ p p Dˆ>hm crhóe dpv$ rinz krdrs k p A L $ k y f r d g p h u p s p u L$qV$bÙsp v$ip hu lsu. NC L$pg ipmp.67 epåegu hpgu kdg L$pe ¾$ddp Dv$OpV$L$ sful$ ilf cps> dlpdóu A rinz krdrs kv$õe ql$ipfcpc fpw$px$ sds> Qfd fþötkl W$pLy$f füp lsp. L $ p e ¾ $ d y õ h p N s â h Q r i n Z krdrs p kv$õe r^fs>cpc dy Nfp s p ql$fzb dpl$x$uep Üpfp Apcpfrhr^ L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. Ap sl$ ilf cps> dlpdóu A rinz krdrs k v $ õ e q L $ i p f c p C f p W $ p X $, r i n Z k r d r s Q f d f Þ Ö t k l W $ p L y $ f, hp.qfd cpfsub fphg, râsub pfp L$p p fv$f, rinz krdrs kv$õe dyl$icpc dlsp, ql$fzb dpl$x$uep, S > N v $ u i c p C c p Å Z u, r ^ f S > c p C d y N f p, q v $ i c p C k v $ p q v $ e p â d y M â p r d L $ r i n L $ k ^ f p S > L $ p V $ dlp Nf prgl$p A L$pe ¾$d p dy e h¼sp i gjcpc kn qfep krls p dlp ycphp lps >f füp lsp. L$pe ¾$d y kdn kqpg ipmp. 74 p ApQpep lrj v$pb v$h A rirnl$p qv$ piub ip ua L$ey lsy. A p S > i p m p. 6 9 M p s epåeg hpgu kdg L$pe ¾$d y Dv$OpV$ rinz krdrs Qfd fþötkl W$pLy$f sds> L$p p fv$f urs cpc fpdpzu p lõs L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. Ap sl$ õhpns â h Q r i n Z k r d r s p Q f d fþötkl W$pLy$f sds> Apcpf rhr^ rinz krdrs hpck Qfd cpfsub fphg Üpfp L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. kdn L$pe ¾$d y A L$f]N rirnl$p lrj v$pb sds> h}b Üpfp L$fhpdp Apìey lsy.(4.5) ¼khíkLkk nðkr nw{ k çkkë ¼khík{kt ¾wþeLkw {kusw : økðo ¼khíkeÞ nðkr Ë îkhk yksu Mkðkhu ¼e»ký nðkr nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë Ëuþ¼h{kt ¾wþeLkw {kusw Vhe ðéþw níkw. ËuþLkk kufkut{kt økðolke ¼kðLkk òuðk { e níke. MkðkhÚke s nw{ k ytøku {krníke {éþk çkkë ËuþLkk kufku ¾wþ ÚkR økþk níkk. íku{lkk{kt økðolke køkýe Vu kr økr níke. ík{k{ hksfeþ Ãkûkkuyu swëe swëe hksfeþ «ríkr Þk ykãkðk{kt ykðe níke. ík{k{ Ãkûkkuyu ¾wþe ÔÞõík fhe níke. MkðkhÚke rëõne{kt çkuxfkulkku Ëkuh þy fhkþku L$píduf p sdpd Ar^L$pfuAp AgV $ L$fpep sb{w fk~{ehlkk Ãkw ðk{k rsõ k{kt MkeykhÃkeyuVLkk fkv k WÃkh ¼e»ký nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë ylku ºkkMkðkËe nw{ klkk 12 rëðmk çkkë yksu ðnu e ÃkhkuZu ÃkkrfMíkkLk fçkò nux Lkk fk~{eh{kt 3.30 ðkøku ¼e»ký nw{ ku fhðk{kt ykôþk çkkë Ëuþ¼h{kt yu xolke ònuhkík fhðk{kt ykðe níke. ËuþLkk ík{k{ MktðuË þe rðmíkkhku{kt Mkwhûkk {sçkwík fhe Ëuðk{kt ykðe Au. ík{k{ søþkyu Mkwhûkk {sçkwík fhe Ëuðk{kt ykðe Au. çkes çkksw rëõne{kt Mkðkh{kt çkuxflkku Ëkuh þy ÚkÞku níkku. Wå[MíkheÞ çkuxf{kt ðzk«äklk LkhuLÿ {kuëe, rðëuþ «ÄkLk Mkw»{k Mðhks, furlÿþ øk]n «ÄkLk hkslkkúk Mkn Ãký nksh hìkk níkk. Whe çkkë ¼qr{ MkuLkkyu Ãkkuf{kt fkþoðkne fhe níke. ßÞkhu yk ð¾íku Ãkw ðk{k çkkë nðkr nw{ k fhðk{kt ykôþk níkk. çkuxfkulkku Ëkuh þy ÚkÞku níkku. fulÿeþ øk]n{tºke hkslkkúk Mknu yufçkksw íkkrfëu R{hsLMkeLke çkuxf çkku kðe níke. MkkÚku MkkÚku sb{w fk~{ehlkk ík{k{ Mkwhûkk yräfkheyku MkkÚku ðkík[eík fhe níke. fulÿeþ øk]n {tºkk ÞLkk ðrhc yräfkheyku y u øk]n Mkr[ðkuyu çkuxf ÞkuS níke. çkuxfkulkk Ëkuh ðå[u hk»xùeþ Mkwhûkk Mk knfkh ysík Ëku¼k u Ãký çkuxfkulkku Ëkuh nkúk ÄÞkuo Au su{kt Ãkkuf{kt fhkþu k nw{ k çkkëlke hýlkerík WÃkh [[ko rð[khýk nkúk Ähðk{kt ykðe níke. yksu ÞkuòÞu e yk çkuxf{kt øk]n Mkr[ð ylku øk]n{tºkk ÞLkk ðrhc yräfkheyku WÃkÂMÚkík hìkk níkk. Mkkð[uíkeLkk ík{k{ Ãkøk k uðk{kt ykðe hìkk Au. ík{k{ þf{të ðknlkku WÃkh Lksh hk¾ðk{kt ykðe hne Au. {kuxk çkòhku, ÄkŠ{f MÚk ku WÃkh Mkwhûkk ðäkhðk{kt ykðe Au. FRC u Y$N^X$p hnf u urs kpd ey L$p N k ApL$fp pzua y (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) fpäe kfl$pf S> 2017 dp au rhûp L$ L$ep R>u S> L$rdqV$ u fq p L$fhpdp Aphu R> (Aa. Apf. ku.) S> y L$pd R> TX$ u õly$gp u au Å l f L $ f h u Z A a. A p f. k u. L$rdqV$ u Y$ugu urs p L$pfZ b hj rhssu Nep Z õly$gp u au Ålf L $ f h p d p A p h u u A k ë a apb pþk õl $gp R>phfsp lpe Ahy gpnu füy Apif 1 drl p lgp Äepf DN fs >Aps L$fhpdp Aphgu Ð e p f A a. A p f. k u. L $ r d q V $ Ü p f p Å Þ e A p f u p R > p A W $ h p q X $ e p d ) Ålf L$fu v$iy Ahy dp rml$ bpl^fu Ap g lsu. Z ApS> ab yapfu y R> y AW$hpX$uey yê$ hp S>B füy R> Ðepf Z Ap õl $gp fps>l$ue âkf u A hp pzpl$ue hluhv$ p Åf ip dpv$ Ålf B u? s AL$ âñ kdn ilfus> p p d dp Aa. Apf. ku. L$rdqV$ Üpfp S> õl $gp u au h^pfp Ap hp lpe sp N f u b p p A p h p k u S > Á e p A NpX $ b phhp dpv$ u v$fmpõs (kp fpô² ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) cpfsue v$rgs Ar^L$pf ko Üpfp kfl$pf f ApL$fp âlpf L$fhpdp Apìep. Nyfyhpf eps> pfu kpdpþe kcpdp AL$ v$fmpõs R> S> Nfubp p Aphpk u S>ÁepA NpX $ b i. shy AMbpfu epv$udp S>Zpìey lsy. h^ydp S>Zphgy R> L$, L$ÞÖ u A NyS>fps fpäe u cps> kfl$pf Üpfp sd u kcpapdp A dux$uepapdp dpv$p-dpv$p bfx$p px$u v$i u AL$sp AMX$ussp p bynx$p al$hpdp Aph R> fsy lp u p v$ps u S>d sd u ursap R> buå D f A p n L $ f h p b u Å u c g p L$pY$hu sdp s dprlf Z ps L$fg MpV$p L$pdp p Y$pL$ ur>px$p L$f Nyfyhpf d p y õ rieg S> fg bpx $: lp u p v$ps S>hu kfl$pf u urs: cpfsue v$rgs Ar^L$pf ko Nfubp Of p Of y qv$hpõh _ v$mpx$u sd p dsp dmhu ëe R> R>u Nfubu lv$php bv$g Nfubp S> lv$phu ghp p L$pfkp fqpe S> p D v $ p l f Z s f u L $ N y f y h p f p f p S > fps>l$pv$ dlp Nf prgl$p u kpdpþe k c p d p Å h p d m i A p k p d p Þ e kcp p AS>ÞX$pdp pq bf u AL$ v$fmpõs L$rdí f sfa u Ó.17 s p d p v $ i p ì e p d y S > b B.Ak.X$åëey.Ak. p àgpv$ p lsy ey L$p N k Üpfp kp fpô²$ Tp Aa. Apf. ku. L$rdV$u$ y bkï : epæ ipl$ d phpep : DN Apv$pg u rqdl$u s p dpv$ s u õl $g p buëx$]n u gb õl $g p A V²$õV$ p hluhv$u ApL$X$pAp sds> MQ dys>b õl $gp au h^pfp Ap hp p lpe Z Ap L$rdV$u Üpfp AL$ Z lsydp s pk B u. A L$ âl$pf p p p dpýed u s pk L$fu Qp½$k h^pfp sp lpe sp S> v$hp p lpe Z Ap L$rdqV$ Üpfp õl $gp R>phfhp dpv$ AL$ Z õl $g y pzpl$ue af L$fu Nfv$ b phhp S>Zphhp Apìey R> Apdp v$ ^ pl$ S>hp L$rdí f lp p b phhpdp Apìep A kpfu S>ÁepA A kpfu põv$ D f S>hp dpv$ Qp gyku lv$ hv$phu Ap L$rdí f ÅZ lphp R>sp Nfubp dpv$ Aphpk b phhp u S>ÁepA NpX $ b phhp dpv$ lsyaf L$fsu v$fmpõs dpl$gu MfMf Ap v$fmpõsdp lfaf y flõe iy R> s L$pC Mbf u fsy ll$ul$s 2015dp S>epf NfkhL$p dpv$ y A p h L $ A Å h L $ A Ð e p p L$d QpfuAp u AL$ Z r hv$ ghp u S > l d s D W $ p h u u. A p h p f p qv$hkpdp õl $gp Å R>phfhp y b sp DN dp DN Apv$pg L$p N k Üpfp R>X$hpdp Aphi. S> p S>hpbv$pf Aa. Apf. ku. L$rdqV$ p kæep fli. sd NyS>fps fpäe L$p N k k V$ d S>f X$p. fps>v$u tkl ÅX$ÅA S>Zpìey lsy. Ap CgL$i lsy Ðepf b^u bpsy>a cp.s>. yl$kp sy v$mpsy lsy. Mpk L$fu ¾$ud rhõspfdp Dcgp cp.s>. p Ddv$hpf L$dgi rdfpzu, yól$f V$g A r rs cpfüps> dpv$ L$ fp QY$pZ lsp Äep Åe Ðep ÅL$pfp dmsp kpkpev$u p NV$ D f cp.s>. p-aþv²$u p bpx $ gnphhu v$hpdp A p ì e p l s p. Ð e p f A d y L $ ¾ $ u d rhõspf p ApNhp p kp rdqv»$n L$fu s h M s p h p l ì e h l p f d r Ó L$pe ¾$d u ApNhp u dyl$icpb QphX$p, X$p. fps>v$u tkl ÅX$Å, Apqv$Ðetkl Nplug, dyly $v$ V$pL$, ugy kpgl$u, bp u V$g, lf pgtkv$ ÅX$Å, frh Æsuep, F>syfpS>tkl ÅX$Å, hug V$g, d V $ g, l j õ v $ u t k l f p e Å v $ p, rhðqv$ tkl ÅX$Å, v$u QphV$uep, râepl$ V$g hnf gpl$p lps>f füp lsp. (3.15) r h S > e ê p Z u k p b W $ L $ L $ f u ApNhp p fpæ L$fhp AL$ kpv$p L$fhpdp Aphg L$ Ap ¾$ud rhõspfdp A p h s p B. A k. X $ b ë e y. A k. p à g p V $ p D f N f u b p d p V $ A p h p k e p S > p r l b p h h u s i f s S > cp.s>. ds Ar ky.ap L$pC MpV$p A p n L $ A p f p u A L $ k Ð e ll$ul$s R> A s Myv$ rhs>eê pzu bpëep lsp spfum.21/07/2016 õ m l q f l f l p g k d e k p S > p 7:30 L$gpg L$pe L$sp kçdg dp Myv$ rhs>ecpc ê pzu kp^yhõhrz fpk A rbn båf pk Aphg ¾$ud kpkpev$u p pd kp bpëep lsp S> p rhx$uep cps> pk li S> s ÅC Mfpb L$fhp My u QgÞS> (5.10)

7 Page: 6 kp fpô²$ ¾$prs (ddsp V$g-dybC) "ApÐdd ' p u f p u sfp fn L $kp...? p, pzu p L$pC fn u lpsp, gpg, ump A R>spe rhðdp AdyL$ v$uap p pzu p kv$y epn L$fhp dpv$ egu k^u L$pfZ v$uap p pzu fn A pc Nep tk^y v$u Apdp u AL$ v$u. tk^y v$u v$qfep S>V$gu rhipm A dpv$u R> Adp rbepk, fphu A ksgs> S>hu A L$ v$uap dm R> A Ap v$uap cpfs A pql$õsp gncn hãq u kpf pe AdyL$ v$uap Ap Zp AV$g L$ cpfs Åbdp u C pql$õsp p Åb A buå âpspdp agpe cpfs- pql$õsp p S>epf cpngp ep Ðepf b v$i hãq hëx $ b L$ pzu p Z bfpbf cpn dmu fl s dpv$ AL$ kr^ L$fpsu BÞX$k hpv$f V²$uV$u Ap V²$uV$u AV$g L$ kr^ f 1960dp qx$s S>hplfgpg l{ A AeybMp L$fpQudp lõspnf L$ep L$fpQudp Ap kr^ âdpz ÓZ v$u fphu, rbepk A ksgs> y 33 AdAAa pzu cpfs Üpfp h fpi A 80 AdAAa pzu pql$õsp Üpfp h fpi Ahy ½$u ey. cpfs nóam A hõsu p rlkpb pql$õsp u h^y lphp R>sp ¼ep L$pfZpkf Ap pzu p cpngp Aphu fus ep A sp l{ A AeybMp ÅZ Z Ap 33 AdAAa pzu Z cpfs S> dmu fl Ahu L$pC knhx$ læ ky^u L$pC Z kfl$pf L$fu u. rldpge u Aphsu v$uap L$pfZ Dsfdp Aphgp L$pC Z fpäepdp v$yl$pm u qf[õ rs L$epfe kå C u AV$g cpfs y Ap yl$ip L$pC kfl$pf p Ýep dp S> u Apìey. Ap D fps Ap kr^ L$fsu hms cpfsdp u kpf C Aphsu v$uap y pzu fpl$u cpfs pql$õsp dp L$p sp v$yl$pm A pzu R>pX$u yf u [õ rs Dcu L$fu il$ Ahy ApS> ky^u pql$õsp Z lu S> gpáey lpe. lh S>epf pql$õsp p kss Ap¾$dL$ hgz A lfp Nrs küp R>u Ap Z X$lp Z Apìey R> L$ tk^y v$u f egu kr^ fv$ L$fu Ap Z pql$õsp lfp L$fu il$ua. Å L$ b b eyù R>u Z L$p N k kfl$pf Ap hx$apc S>sy pzu X$d b phu hp fhp y p kyäey A AL$ Apòe S> L$ hps S> L$lhpe rhqpfhpgpel$ hps S> L$lhpe. cpfs- pql$õsp hãq kdå sp A¼kâk v$px$ph pf hps> CÆA Z p s p p L $ p e L $ p m d p A p h p L $ p C N g p g u ^ p l u A Z AgN hps R> L$ AÐepf ky^u pql$õsp sfa Ap Z ld ip Ly$Ï hgz S> A pìey R> lu sp kss kutapef spx$ pf v$i dpõv$ ahx $ i lpe Mfp? Ap Z ld ip pql$õsp p pcpc u S>d S> V²$uV$ L$ep A AZ ld ip cpfs Cóep u S>f u S> Åep R> lh S>epf A b^us> ifd R>pX$u Ap Zp S>hp p p Æh ghp dpx$ép R> A Z Apqarieg hpf Ålf L$ep hnf Ðepf Ap Zu kfl$pf S> psp u L$pe L$pm u iêapsdp sp pr>gu kfl$pf p L$iL$v$d f Qpgu pql$õsp pbx$hp S> ul$mu lsu s u ApMp Mygu AÐepf b hps gpl$p u S>bp f rkùº A kr^ rkùº rhj hps L$fhp p L$pC dsgb u kr^ hpv$fv²$uv$ua AÐepf pzu, lp pzu Z L$kfu A gugp fn fnu p ey gpl$p L$l R> L$ Ap kr^ spx$u pql$õsp v$mpx$u v$hy X$ Z Ap Ngy Z AV$gy Apk sp u S> dpv$u kfl$pf psp p cpn y pzu cpfs dmu fl A dpv$ X$d bp^hp y L$pd L$epf y iê L$fu v$u^y R> S> AÐepf Åf ipf u Qpg R> Ap Zp cpn y pzu Z AÐepf ky^u pql$õsp hp fu gugp ëlf L$fsy lsy s lh b^ i. Ap Zp cpn y pzu lh S>çdy L$píduf Åb A lp, fps>õ p Z yê X$pi. fps>õ p Ap p u ^Zp apev$p i. Åbdp buæ v$uap y pzu yfsy lphp u h^pfp p pzu u rhs>mu Ds ß L$fhp p àgpþv$ Mpi ApMf v$yf Ape v$yfõs Ape S>hp OpV$ BÞV$f i g hpv$f V²$uV$u âdpz cpfs AV$guõV$ v$k hj ky^u pql$õsp pzu Ap hy X$ Äep ky^u pql$õsp psp u L$ g b phu g fsy Ap Z ApV$gp hj ky^u pql$õsp ku^p apev$p lp QpX$sp füp R>uA. Å Ap kr^ Ap Z spx$ua R>uA sp pql$õsp fd ÞV$ L$pV$ Apa Ag}V²$i ( ukua)dp S>C BÞX$ue âps>l¹$v$ kpd hp^p DW$phu il$ 2019dp cpfs 30% S>V$gp pzu p S>Õ p hp ep bpl$u y pzu pql$õsp dp hlu Ney A ql$i NNp lpcx²$p phf àgpþv$ p kfl$pf lh ipl yfl$px$u, DT ÞX$pl D epn L$fu Ap pzu Åb, lqfepzp, fps>õ p A Dsfâv$idp Z lp QpX$hp y rhqpfu flu Aphu S> kr^ Qu A cpfs hãq b û yóp v$u p pzu dpv$ Z egu b û yóp y pzu rsbv$ u C cpfs p Apkpd A buå p BõV$ p fpäepdp hl i¼e R> L$ Å Ap Z pql$õsp kp L$pB Z hps p ApX$p Ngp gca R>uA sp pql$õsp kss kp Ap sy Qu Ap Z b û yóp v$u p pzu dpv$ lfp L$fu il$, Å L$ Qu pk Ahy L$fhp p Qp½$k L$pfZp Z lphp S> ÅCA. L$lhpe R> L$ v$fl$ ìer¼sa c sl$pmdp L$fgu c gp cpnhhu X$ Ahu S> fus Ap Zp v$i Z bv$dpi pql$õsp kp kss cpm Z(Aby^sp) bsphhp p qfzpdp cpnhu füy Z lh bk ey cpfs lh Ap¾$dL$ Ngp gc füy A rhðdp lh psp y hq õh S>dphu füy R> s Ap Zp kp dpv$ Ap v$ u hps R> Apip fpmua L$ lpg u A lh R>u u kfl$pf pql$õsp u b dpy$pmu hpspdp akpep hnf a¼s A a¼s v$irls S> âp^pþe Ap. fep fpx$ Aphfrb S>dp c ôpqpf l p h p u i L $ p : d p b Å v $ h (kp fpô² ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) dy edóu Üpfp My p dyl$hpdp Aphg f ep fpx$ Aphfrb S>dp Adp A L$ nrsap Åhp dmg sds> Ap L$pd bpbs c sl$pmdp Ap rb S> p bp^l$pd v$frdep ghpdp Aphg dy pap ¼hpguV$u V$õV$]N fu pv$ sds> V$u. u.apc. A hp u.ad.ku. L$ rhægþk s pk L$fhpdp Aphg lpe s dy pap u rhns Adp Ap hu A sdpd v$ r L$ hs dp Ópdp apv$p A dv$f Aphg lpe s A yk^p Adp rhægþk s pk u dn u L$fuA R>uA sp spðl$prgl$ ^pfz rhægþk s pk pe A S>hpbv$pfp kpd L$X$L$ X$gp ghpe sd hpx $.18 L$p N k L$p p fv$f d pb Åv$h çey. L$rdí f gmusdp S>Zpìey (1.2) Adfgudp AL$õdps v$ps>g ApOX$sy dps pfudp bux$u usp lsp A J^ Aphu S>sp bþep lsp b ph Adfgu, Adfgu u k^u kpkpev$udp flsp Sy>dpkp L$pmykp fapb pd p 48 hj}e Ap^X$ NBL$pg psp p Of ê$ddp k sp bux$u usp lsp Ðepf sap ]v$f Aphu S>sp Adõdps v $ p Æ S > s p k p f h p f d p V $ v $ h p M p MkX$peg. Äep sd y kpfhpf v$frdep dps ep y kuv$u pgukdp Ålf hp pdg (3.5) fps>l$pv$ eyhp QfuV$bg V²$õV$ Üpfp OV$ðf Mps Aprlf kdps> p 25dp kd l g pðkh y ip v$pf ApepS> frhhpf p fps> 64 hv$ rsap âcyspdp Ngp px$i (kp fpô² ¾$prs L$pep ge fps>l$pv$) fps>l$pv$ : 26 A p r l f e y h p k d l g k r d r s p â d y M â q v $ c p C Ag.Åv$h u AMbpfu epv$u Üpfp kdõs Aprlf kdps> S>Zphsp rhij Ap v$ pe R> L$ v$f hj u S>d Ap hj Z krdrs Üpfp 25 dp kd l g y DÐL $ô ApepS> sp f r h h p f p f p S > dyßpcpc lºbg u hpx$u, dy,ov$íhf, hp fun fpx$ pk, N u gua ¼gb u bpsy>dp, Åd Nf fpx$, sp. Æ. f p S > L $ p V $ e p Å e g R >. S > d p 6 4 hv$ rsap âcyspdp Ngp px$i. Ap kdylg p ApepS> b dy b p h h p d p V $ k r d r s p k æ e p sx$pdpf s efuap L$fg A p N p d u 2 5 d p k d l g pðkh Aprlf kdps> u ApNhu f f p d y S > b c ì e p r s c ì e ApepS> L$fhpdp Aphg S>dp dyßpcpc lºbg u hpx$u, dy.ov$íhf, kdõs Np X$g ilf s p spgyl$p dohpm kdps> Üpfp iluv$p îùps>rg Ap hp dp fgu epåc Np X$g: kdõs Np X$g ilf s p spgyl$p dohpm kdps> Üpfp yghpdp iluv$ eg rhf S>hp p îùps>rg Ap hp dpv$ ir hpf p fps> kps> 5 L$gpL$ V$pD Mps u X$p.bpbp kplb p õv$ãey ky^u dp fgu y ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. Ap fgudp dpv$u k epdp gpl$p D [õ s füp lsp. A iluv$p îùps>rg Ap u lsu.(4.14) apef rb NX$ p L$d QpfuAp 28duA u kuag f Esfi ( k p f p ô ² ² ² ¾ $ p r s L $ p e p g e - f p S > L $ p V $ ) A d v $ p h p v $, s p. 2 6 N s i r h p f u k h p f u ç e y r r k g d y e p g e q f k f p r i h d q v $ f u b l p f a p e f r b N X $ d p k b A p q a k f u S > Á e p r k r e p f u V $ u d y S > b c f h p u d p N Z u k p A ß S > m p Ð e p N L $ f u A Q p ½ $ k d y v $ s u l X $ s p g f E s f g p p L $ f d X $ m p â d y M p k d d p A p N p d u s p. 2 8 a b y A p f u A a p e f r b N X $ p õ V $ p a k u A g f E s f i. ç e y u k u g a p e f r b N X $ r h c p N d p k b A p q a k f u S > Á e p r k r e p f u V $ u u c f h p p d p d g g p b p k d e u r h h p v $ Q p g u f ü p R >. N C L $ p g k b A p q a k f u q f n p p b r l ó L $ p f a p e f r b N X $ p S > h p p A L $ f s p p g k s d u A V $ L $ p e s L $ f u l s u. v $ f ç e p p L $ f d X $ m p â d y M v $ h L $ f Z k b q f e p A A ß S > m Ð e p N L $ f u i ê L $ f g u c M l X $ s p m p A p S > Q p p q v $ h k R >. s u c M l X $ s p m R > p X $ p h h p ç e y r r k g l p Ø v $ p f p L $ D Ã Q A r ^ L $ p f u A p A p h s h u i ¼ e s p r l h Ð R >. M y v $ v $ h L $ f Z k p b q f e p L $ l R >, a p e f r b N X $ p l h p g p k c p m s p X $ à e y V $ u ç e y r r k g L $ r d í f d L $ i N Y $ h u L $ Q u a a p e f A p q a k f A d. A a. v $ õ s f Ü p f p d p f u s r b e s A N R > f R > L $ f h p u s õ v $ u g h p C u, Å L $ A p A v $ p g h ^ y D N b i s d S > Z p h s p s A p h ^ y d p L $ l R >, A p N p d u s p. 2 8 d u A a p e f r b N X $ p õ V $ p a k u A g f E s f i, S > d p s Ó p A Þ e r h c p N p õ V $ p a Z Å X $ p e s h u i ¼ e s p R >. ( 4. 4 ) âñp DL$gpe sp âdym u Ap[Ðhgp u QudL$u hp f]n fpx$ pk, N u gua ¼gb u b p S y > d p, Å d N f f p X $, sp.æ.fps>l$pv$ Mps kdn N pd ¹X$dp rhipm kduepzp A Y$pg Npfp iyl$hpf u S>kv$Z Mps fps>el$np p Að ip p âpfc Av$pÅ 300 u Aðp ÅX$pi: CÃRy>L$pA Nyê$hpf ky^udp frs>õv²$i L$fphhp A yfp^ y y S>kv$Z, S > k v $ Z d p f p Ä e L $ n p p L$pW$uephpX$u A dpfhpx$u Aíh ip, âv$i sds> fdspðkh spfum 1 u 3 dpq v$frdep epåi. hjp b p v $ S > k v $ Z d p b u Æ h M s fpäel$np p Aíh ip epåb füp S>kv$Z epx $ Mps epåegu bw$l$dp Ap AN u rhnsp Ap sp Aíh ip p Qfd S>kv$Z p dpæ fps>hu kðeæsly$dpf MpQf sds> hpbk Qfd fps>icpc ÅX$Å sds> A V²$ r h Ñ ApB uak Apf. X$u. Tpgp (V$L$ ul$g L$rdV$u Qfd ) i p g r e p d L $ A. S >. L $ p R > u e p V $ g k r l s p A r h N s p Ap sp S>Zpìey lsy L$ fpäe kfl$pf p iy iy pg Mpsy sds> L$pW$uephpX$u lpk b ux$k AkprkAi Np X$g A ^ õv$x$ byl$ AÞX$ lpk rb X$k ax$fi A d v $ p h p v $ p k l e p N u s d S > NyS>fps L$pW$uephpX$u A dpfhpx$u Aíh pgl$ kll$pfu dx$mu Np X$g, îu c h í h f u u W $ N p X $ g p A p Q p e Ap iyc Ahkf ågx$ X$p i sds> ìei dyr¼s L$ç y ApepS> kp v$fl$ hv$rs A Å epap y kþdp L$fhpdp Aphi. kp Aprlf k d p S > S > ê q f e p s h m p A S>êqfepsdv$ gpl$p kfmsp u f¼s dmu fl s Dv$íe u dnp ågx$ X$p i L$ç Z fpmhpdp Aphg sp A p å g X $ L $ ç d p d p V $ u k e p d p kdps> p eyhp p s p hx$ugb^yap f¼sv$p L$fhp Adpfu d A ug v $ f L $ f ¼ s v $ p s p y k Þ d p L $ f h p d p A p h i. s d S > A p Z p k d p S > d p eyhp p s p hx$ugp ìek dyr¼s AN Z dprlsnpf L$fhpdp Aphi. Ns hj Z Ap kd l g pðkhdp Apif gpl$p u lps>fu lsu. Ap hj h^ydp h^y kdps> p gpl$p Ap c N u f L $ p e d p Å X $ p C k r d r s O í e p d Æ d l p f p S > p k l L $ p f u S>kv$Z Mps fps>e L$np p Aíh ip sds> âv$i A fdspðkh spfum 1 dpq u 3 dpq v$frdep S>kv$Z p thr>uep fpx$ D f epåi. Ap Aíh ipdp Av$pS> 300 u h^pf Aíhp ÅX$pi. Aíh ipdp cpn ghp CÃR>sp gpl$pa sd p Aíh kp sp.28-2 p fps> kps> p R> L$gpL$ ky^udp S>kv$Z Mps fæõv$i L$fphhp y fli. spfum 1-3 iy¾$hpf 8 L $ g p L $ D v $ O p V $ k d p f p l e p Å i. Ðepfbpv$ iy¾$ ir A frhhpf v $ f r d e p S y > v $ p S y > v $ p k d e î $ iznpfg Aíh s p Aíh khpf, L$pW$uephpX$u hr>fu -hr>fp, dv$l$u apx$, dpfhpx$u hr>fu -hr>fp, fhpg Qpg, kll$pf Ap shu d AfS>. kdõs Aprlf kdps> p klepn u Aprlf eyhp kd l g krdrs S>lds DW$phu füp Ap kd l g pðkhdp kdõs Aprlf kdps> p ksp A dlsp, kdps> p v$pspap A rhrh^ nó p fps>l$ue ApNhp p u sds> krdrs p L$pedu iycãr>l$ hx$ugp s p kdõs Aprlf kdps> sp frhhpf p fps> epå pf 64 g p hv$rsap Aprihp v$ Ap hp kdõs A p r l f k d p S > d p V $ u k e p d p D [õ s flu Aprlf kdps> u AL$sp h^ shp Ap âeð_dp klcpnu b hp krdrs p âdym âqv$ cpc Ag.Åv$h A kdõs Aprlf kdps> cphceȳ ApdÓZ pw$h (6.12) hpx $.3dp S>L$i àgpv$ dc fpx$ f thn ågpl$ y MsdylŸs L$fsp AS>gub ê$ pzu cuõsuhpx$ u Apbguep l ydp ky^u bß kpcx$dp fpi thn ågpl$ y y y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) hpx $.03dp kp p kp kp p rhl$pk p kyó kp gpl$ D epnu rhõspf p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p L$pdp dsy>f L$fphu L$fhpdp Aph R> shp S> AL$ cpnê hpx $.3 S>L$i àgpv$ dc fpx$ f rcõsuhpx$ u Apbguep l ydp ky^u bß kpcx$dp thn ågpl$ y Mpsdlºs drlgp dpfqp âcpfu AS>gub ê pzu p hfv¹ lõs L$fhpdp Apìey. A p â k N h p X $. 0 3 p â c p f u q v $ i c p C L $ p q f e p, â d M l d c p C f d p f, d l p d Ó u S > N v $ u i c p C c p Å Z u, f p S > c p C v$fuep pzu, h pfu dx$m p D âdym d N p f p d Å h f p Z u, M Å Q u AipL$cpC Dv$pZu, L$pfpbpfu W$pLy$dpf S > W $ h p Z u, k f i c p C N p g p Z u, q L $ i p f c p C A p k v $ p Z u, l f i c p C h p Y $ h p Z u, b p b c p C V $ g, q v $ g u c p C, Q Ö L $ p Þ s c p C, Q Ö L $ p Þ s c p C i p l, S > N v $ u i c p C c c p Z u, d y L $ i c p C s p g p Z u, S > N v $ u i c p C, v $ u y c p C c p f p Z u, l f i c p C R > p b q f e p, g p g y c p C v$fuep pzu, lufpcpc v$fuep pzu, s p blpmu k epdp gñphpkuap D [õ s füp lsp.(5.13) bfg fk, DÑd L$pqW$ephpX$u OpX$u OpX$p, Nfp ghp fds, Aíh khpf L$p iëe âv$i hnf õ ^p Ap epåi. S > d p â d r Ü s u e s p s r s e rhs>spap Sy>v$u Sy>v$u L$V$Nfu lw$m ê r e p u g C ê r e p k y ^ u p f p L $ X $ B p d, kqv $qal$v$, V²$pau hnf C pdp Ap hpdp Aphi. Ap D fps cpn g pf sdpd õ ^ L $ p d p d Þ V $ p s p k q V $ q a L $ V $ A p h p d p A p h i. s p. 3-3 A frhhpf kps> kpx$p pq L$gpL$ B pd rhsfz L$pe ¾$d epåi.ap L$pe ¾$ddp D Ñ d L $ p W $ u e p h p X $ u O p X $ p y â v $ i e p Å i. A p â k N L $ r b V $ d Ó u Ly$hfÆcpC bphmuep krls p ksp- d l s p d p Æ f p S > h u A p A p N h p p hnf D [õ s fli.(3.6)

8 Page: 7 kp fpô²$ ¾$prs QdÐL$pf hnf AdfguhpkuAp u Æs: 456 gpm fl$d apmhpc dõl$pf l] Adfgu, A d f g u i l f d p f p X $ - f õ s p b phhp dpv$ fps>e kfl$pf ê$.456 gpm u fl$d apmhp p gpl$pdp Myiu u gpnzu âkfu R> p AL$pv$ hj u d y e d p N p f D X $ s u ^ m u ilfus> p lfp - fip C QyL$ep lsp. ApNpdu px$p S> kdedp S> Ap kdõepdp u R >V$L$pfp C S>i. A d f g u i l f u â p r d L $ kyrh^pap S>hu L$ fpx$-fõsp krls p âñp gc ilfus> p Óprldpd pl$pfu Nep bpv$ Adfgu bqphp p pfp Ahkp kp fgu epæ lsu. A L$gL$V$f Aphv$ Ó pw$ìey lsy. k f L $ p f S > N p X $ h p A d f g u b Q p h k r d r s p A g p p N g i l f u s d p d b Å f p, i p L $ d p L $ V $ krls fps>l$dg QpL$, V$phf QpL$, L$kpfp båf krls u båfpa b^ pþey lsy. i l f u S > p Ü p f p h p f h p f fs >Aps L$fhp R>sp L$pC Ngp ghpsp h pfu knw$ pa õhec b^ pw$ìey lsy. rhl$pk p pd ilf L$ N pçe rhõspfpdp bznp aÿl$sp ipkl$ n p v $ p r ^ L $ p f u L $ A r ^ L $ p f u A p p ^ fps>l$pv$: frs>ep Ë$Zu kp u Apbmpi Nufhphp lpg fps>l$pv$ kp u d kymgpg cudæcic ^p L$ (D.h.68) s fdzul$cpc p dpv$pcpc, S>iuL$pb, kp gb, õh.cgpb, rhdpgcpc, ^pfpb p r sp A Myibyb, Qpv$ ub, Np ub, v$u L$cpC p bp yæ A õh.hifpd cpzæ ^L$pZ p S>dpC y sp.25 p Ahkp ey fps>l$pv$: NyS>fpsu îunp X$ dpmrhe b pûz d m L$pV$X$pkpNpZu lpg fps>l$pv$ õh. hgil$f rócyh cë$ p yó fdiqö (D.h.60) s õh.l$prsgpg õh.âsp cpc õh.kyficpc p p pcpc, âoicpc, Apfsub, Afthv$cpC (cx$pqfep) p b hu y sp.25 p Ahkp ey bß n y DW$dÏ- bkï sp.28 p kps> 4 u 6 CÞÖðf dlpv$h dqv$f, dpõsf kpkpev$u ifu.10 dp fpmg fps>l$pv$: QqÖL$pb fs> ul$ps tinpmp (D.h.78) s ficpc, e cpc p dpsp âdæcpc ról$dæ sßp p v$ul$fu, p pgpg, Afthv$cpC p bl y Ahkp ey kv¹$ns y bkï sp.28 p kps> 5 u 6, Q p dlpv$h dqv$f fps>l$pv$dp r ef n u kpv$x$u kp fpmg ApS> u rbõdpf fpx$ u L$pdNufu iê$ S > e p f b p g s p l p e R > f s y hpõsrhl$sp AgN S> lpe Adfgu bqphp p b f lw$m õh [ÃR>L$ kõ pap p L$pe L$fp sds> h pfu s p fps>l$ue ApNhp p AL$ dq f AL$W$p ep lsp. X$p.cfs L$p pbpf Adfgu bqphp AsN s gpl$p AL$W$p L$ep lsp. ApS> Ad u Æs C v$frdep fps>e kfl$pf Ap Apv$pg u Ncufsp Ýep dp gc ê$r ep 456 gpm S>hu dpsbf fl$d apmhsp ilf rhl$pk krdrs p Qfd u. u. kpæóp p lõs ApS> âpfc i. gncn AL$pv$ drl pdp l m h v $ M p s r h Û p } A p p r h v $ p e kdpfpl s p iluv$p rhfps>rg A pc lmhv$, rhhl$p v$ kpeþk AL$X$du A Þey Afp rhûpgekey¼s D ¾$d s rse r h v $ p e A r c h p v $ k d p f p l A i l u v $ p r h f p S > r g A p h p d p V $ L$pe ¾$d kpv$pe u DS>hZu L$fhpdp Aphu lsu. Ap sl$ ^p.6 u 12 p rhûp }ApA kpõl $rs A fpô²ue Nyê$hpf S>gpfpdbp p u 138du yîersr y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) S>gpfpd Ty X$u khp QfuV$bg V²$õV$ Üpfp S>gpfpd bp p u 138du Î e r s r N ê $ h p f D S > h p i. S > d p âkpv$u ê$ L$Y$u MuQX$u, ipl$, Nv$u- NpW$uep u cps> ê$ ìehõ p L$fpC R >. " S > g p f p d ^ p d ' S > g p f p d hufbpc y dqv$f, fps> kdy$uepmp, f p S > L $ p V $ - c p h N f l p C h f DS>hpi. S > d p d e r h i j î u l q f Q f Z v $ p k Æ d l p f p S > ( f p d Æ rhhl$p v$ kpeþk AL$X$du s p Þey Afp rhûpge p D ¾$d L$fpey lsy ApepS> c p h p M u g h s p p V $ L $, d p C d, dyl$prc e, fpk S>hu L $rsap fsy> L$fu lsu. s d S > i l u v $ S > h p d p V $ rhûp } A rinl$ õv$pa s p V²$k¹V$ dx$m y ax$ AL$Wy$ L$ey lsy. S>gpfpd Ty X$u V²$õV$ Üpfp Nfub 251 qfhpfp Aßv$p u L$uV$ A pc dqv$f, Np X$g) psp p Apri hq A p h p ^ p f h p p R > A s d p kpr Ýedp îu l ydp Æ dlpfps> p (l ydp bplºl$ p pw$) S>Nv$uicpC i p u L $ f h p p R >. s d S > v $ f L $ bp p u râe âkpv$u L$Y$u, MuQX$u, ipl$, Nyv$u-NpW$uep âkpv$ y ApepS> L$fg R> sd S>gpfpd Ty X$u p V²$õV$u S>Zphg Ap D fps dy e Aqsr ^p. 12dp Aæepk L$fsp kpeþk A L$pdk p rhûp } p rhv$pe L$pe ¾$d v$frdep hn 4 p L$d QpfuAp A kõ p ipmp kcpfï cv$ Ap u rhûp }ApA Nyê v$rnzp kõl $rs DÅNf L$fu lsu.(3.3) rihfpóua op u fpóu y y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) f p S > L $ p V $, s p. 2 6 fps>l$pv$ ÆL$ Aphgp Npd L $ p m u p V $ p i p u b V $ L $ d l p f p S > r i h f p Ó u p d r l d p h Z h s p L $ ü R > L $, d l p r i h f p Ó u A o p u f p Ó u d p h p d p A p h R >. c p f s u c ì e k õ L $ r s d p r i h Æ p d r l d p h q v $ L $ e N u N p h p d p A p h u f ü p R >. p f p r Z L $ L $ p m u d l p r i h f p r Ó u p d r l d p N h p s p A p ì e p R >. d l p f p Å v $ i f A s d u Ó Z e d l p f p Z u A p Z r i h c r ¼ s L $ f s p l s p. î u f p d p s Z v $ f f p S > r i h S > L $ f s p l s p A s u A p f p ^ p l s p. Ü p f e N p k d e d p Z îul $óz p L$lhp u ASy> rihæ u A p f p ^ p L $ f u p i y s p d m ì e y l s y. c N h p i L $ f u A p f p ^ p k y f - A k y f, d y r, e o, N p ^ h p A q L $ ß f p k r l s p s d p d v $ h s p A p L $ f R >. c N h p d l p v $ h A k y f p p s p p A p f p Ý e L $ v $ h s p d p R >. Npd:-L$pmu pv$ p ipõóu:-bvy$l$ dlp2ps> A õhprd p2pez dv$u2 p ys>p2u A p d d r i h p e... A p d d r i h p e A p d d r i h p e ( ) y y y sful$ qv$ i róhv$u (Æ.Ak.V$u. p Å C Þ V $ L $ r d i f ) f k p s d u muep p (Æ.Ad.Apf.ku.ku. L$p.Ap.b L$ gu.) AQ.Ad. fpzp ( A k. A p. Æ. ) Q Ö L $ p s c p C i W $, fmpb QN, fpdæcpc dphpzu, L$S>cpC (Qs lpx $hf) L$prscpC S>kpZu (h]r>uep) lfv$htkl ÅX$Å (fps>kdqy$epmp) v$npb AY$uep, fþöcpc V$g, cfscpc fkpzp, r d g L $ p W $ p f u, Æ g c p C b p f u Q p, b V $ u c p C ( D d u e p d p b p C g ) g p c c p C S > g, d L $ i c p C v $ p i u, S>.S>. p V$, cyv$fcpc QN, lkycpc X$us rhnf D [õ s flu Aßv$p u ql$v$ y rhsfz L$fi. s p kp dmu b p p p d l p â k p v $ g i s d î u S>gpfpd Ty X$u V²$õV$u L$s cpc róhv$u ( d p , ) u e p v $ u d p S>Zph (5.5) S>kv$Z pzu p kç dp dkdpvy$ NpbXy$ S>kv$Z: S>kv$Z p NY$uep fpx$ f Aphg Nf prgl$p u AphflÞX$ V$ÞL$ u uq Aphg 7 gpm rgv$f p pzu p kç dp gpbp kde u dkdpvy$ NpbXy$ X$u Ney R> lpg s u D f bphm p L$pV$p dyl$hpdp Apìep R> Ðepf L$pC OV$ p b s lgp Ap NpbXy$ fhp u S>ê$qfeps ilf p sdpd fps>dpnp f Qpghp y kfm C S>i. ApS> u gpw$u fpx$ Mps ilf p r b õ d p f p f p S > d p N p b p h h p p L$pep p âpfc i. A fpx$ fõsp p âñ lh c sl$pm b u S>i. A p s L $ N f p r g L $ p â d y M S > e s u c p C f p Z h p D â d y M il$ugbp y, bp^l$pd Qfd L$pdg f p d p Z u, L $ p f p b p f u Q f d S > e î u X$pbkfp sdpd NfkhL$p D [õ s fli. A ilfus> p Z D [õ s f l h p A y f p ^ L $ f h p d p A p ì e p (5.5) lmhv$ p cgnpdx$pdp kd lg epåep W$pL$pf kdps> Üpfp epåegp pqdp kd lg dp 24 hv$ rsa âcyspdp Ngp X$ép lmhv$, lmhv$ p cgnpdx$p Npd S>e hg p krdrs Üpfp W$pL$pf kdps> p k d l g e p Å e p l s p. S > d p 2 4 hv$ rsa âcyspdp Ngp dpx$ép lsp. Ap sl$ kyfþö Nf p kpkv$ v$hæcpc as yfp, NyS>fpsu qaëd L$gpL$pf AëL$p Åju, S >r ef fi L $ p X $ u e p i p d Æ c p C, W $ p L $ p f kdps> p AN ZuAp A cpcap- bl p dpv$u k epdp D [õ s füp lsp. L $ Þ e p A p k p p - Q p v $ u p v$pnu p krls p L$fuephf A pep lsp. S>e hg p krdrs p âdym hozcpc DX$Qp A AplpS>L$pA cpf S>lds DW$phu lsu.(2.3) dp fgu epæ iluv$p îý^ps>rg pw$hpc lmhv$: Np^u^pddp k fpct Ágpbg õl $g p rhûp }Ap Üpfp dp fgu epæ yghpdp ApsL$u lºdgpdp iluv$ lgp S>hp p îý^ps>rg pw$hpc lsu. fgudp pql$õsp rhfp^u k ÓpÃQpf ep lsp.(2.2) p q L $ õ s p S > X $ b p s p X $ S > h p b A p s p S>hp p kgpd kp hv$ L$fsp v$pr^l$pfuap (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) f p S > L $ p V $, s p. 2 6 y g h p d p M p s k u. A p f. u. A a. f e g p A p s L $ h p v $ u l º d g p b p v $ 5 6 u R > p s u ^ f p h s p h X $ p â ^ p f Þ Ö d p v $ u A f p ô ² u S > s p M p Ó u A p g L $, A p i l u v $ p u i r l v $ u A m r l Å e A p q L $ õ s p S > X $ b p s p X $ S > h p b A p h p d p A p h i. h X $ p â ^ p f Þ Ö d p v $ u A k d e A õ m ½ $ u L $ f h p c p f s u e k p k Z Z R > V $ A p h p d p A p h g. â ^ p d Ó u p A p h p ¼ e k p L $ L $ f h p h p e y k p A A p S > f p S > h l g u k h p f p q L $ õ s p L $ å Å N õ s L $ p í d u f p d y õ ä f p b p v $, b p g L $ p V $ r h N f r h õ s p f d p r d f p S > e y Ù r h d p p Ü p f p b p ç b p q X $ N L $ f u d p V $ u k e p d p A p s L $ h p v $ u A p s p s p A Í $ p A p p p i L $ f g R >. s b v $ g d l p N f p r g L $ p p d e f r b p b A p Q p e, X $. d e f A [ í h c p C d p g u e p, õ V $ [ Þ X $ N L $ r d V $ u Q f d D v $ e c p C L $ p N X $, i p k L $ n s p v $ g k y M c p C Å N p Z u s p i p k L $ n v $ X $ L $ A S > e c p C f d p f A c p f s u e h p e y k p p S > h p p p q L $ õ s p r h õ s p f d p S > C A p s L $ h p v $ u p L $ V ² $ p g ê d, b L $ f p p r h p k L $ f g L $ f u, k l u k g p d s f s a f g R >. s b v $ g s d p d S > h p p k g p d k p h v $ L $ f g R >. ( 4. 3 ) "Adfgu bqphp' p Å lw$m h pfuapa b^ pw$ìey lsy këd rhõspf p bpml$pa qaëd "Dfu' ÅC PM dpv$u L$üy "HOW'S THE JOSH?" fpô²$ u sê$z Y$udp v$iv$pt A AÞep dpv$ L$fu R >V$hp u cph p rhl$k s lsy u gncn 300 bpml$p ql$ipfp dpv$ ÅZusp kll$pfu AN Zu S > e p s u Þ Ö c p C d l s p p q f h p f u L $ V²$õV$ d ycpc AÞX$ spfpb ddpqfeg a p D Þ X $ i Ü p f p f p ô ² $ h p v $ u c f f qaëd Dfu ^ krs> L$g kv²$pcl$ õ pr L$ ku dpof L$põdpàgL$kdp v$ip hhp y ApepS> L$fpey lsy. k y r h ^ p A p u h r Q s h N p bpml$p qaëd ÅC AV$gp âcprhs ep lsp L$ qaëd p As sapa v$icql$s Z pfp gnpìep lsp. k d N i p v $ f r d e p r h r i ô $ A r s r ê $ ^ p f g î u d s u A S > r g b ê $ p Z u u r h i j D [õ rs Ap ApepS> y ApL$j Z b u flu lsu. sdz Ap ApepS> u kfõhsu riiy dqv$f Üpfp y âikp L$fu lsu. ApepS> kam b phhp fplºg dlsp u ApNhp u lw$m rhdg pqfep, qv$ i Nplg, lfui ipl, Apqv$Ðe ipl, AS>e h p m p s p f r Q L $ Å u A A p N S>lds DW$phu lsu.(6.10) L$pg pfpmp Mps L$ky bg gpl$x$pefp pfpmp, kfõhsu riiy dqv$f pfpmp r h c p N Ü p f p c ì e g p L $ X $ p e f p y A p e p S > s p. 2 7 a b y A p f u p by^hpf kps> 7 L$gpL$ kfõhsu riiy dqv$f 14/15 hp pfpmp Mps L $ f h p d p A p ì e y R >. A p c ì e gpl$x$pefpdp eps pd L$gpL$pfp Üpfp eps pd L$gpL$pfp iluv$ S>hp p iåv$ps>gu pw$hi v $ i c r ¼ s p N u s, c S > A g p L $ k N u s Ü p f p y g h p d p d p i l u v $ egp S>hp p îùps>rg pw$hhpdp Aphi. kfõhsu riiydqv$f pfpmp p V ² $ õ V $ u A p A n e c p C Å v $ h A fdicpc W$pL$f yghpdpdp ApsL$u l º d g p d p i l u v $ e g p v $ i p h u f S>hp p îùps>rg pw$hhp A gpl$ k õ L $ r s p S > s - k h ^ l s y k f eps>hpdp Aphgp cìe gpl$x$pefpdp D [ õ s f l h p f p S > L $ p V $ u Å l f S> sp cphcey r dóz pw$ìey (6.6) L$hQ àg lpdk & L$gpkuk Üpfp ir hpf dhx$u àgpv$ Mps bpml$p dpv$ Å v y $ L $ p M g - d Æ L $ i p y A p e p S > (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) : fps>l$pv$dp L$hQ àg lpdk & L$gpkuk Üpfp bpml$p p d pfs> dpv$ hprj L$ al$i u kp p-kp Åvy$ L$p Mg (dæl$ ip) y sp p ir hpf p fps> fpó 8 u 11 p S.K. QpL$ rnf pfu ifu.5, 40 aºv$ fpx$, dhx$u àgpv$ fps>l$pv$ Mps cìe ApepS> L$fhpdp Apìey Ap sl$ L$hQ àg lpdk & L$gpkuk p gl$l$u fps>tkl X$u.ÅX$Å (Qpv$gu) kdn fps>l$pv$hpkuap Ap p bpml$p kp ^pfhp cphce y ApdÓZ pw$hhpdp Apìey (6.11) fps>l$pv$dp v$sp s W$ NX$u yõsl$pgedp ÓpÐkh DS>hpep L$rhAp, gml$p, X$pL$V$fp A kprlðe frkl$pa dpîep L$pe ¾$d y y y y y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) fps>l$pv$ dlp Nf prgl$p Üpfp v$sp s W$ NX$u yõsl$pgedp ÓpÐkh DS>hpep lsp. S>dp khv$ p p rië kdp Óp y fkpm fus W$ L$fhpdp Apìey lsy. S>dp ilf p ÅZusp L$rhAp, gml$p, X$pL$V$fp s p kprlðe frkl$p L$pe ¾$ddp D [õ s füp lsp. L $ p e ¾ $ d i u j L $ S > l s rgrmsn âd. AV$g L$pB Z A ApL$j. A Ap L$pe ¾$ddp fs > ep r h í h p r h r h ^ n Ó p d l p L $ ÅZusp gpl$p p âd Óp. L$rheÓu A v $ u g u X $ p e f u L $ p g d u h p Q L $ p d p p s p A p N h õ p b p h p f e p r s i p l p A p r h Q p f A kl$g, kip^ lsp. f p S > L $ p f Z, k p r l Ð e, q a ë d S>hp A L$ nódp dpvy$ pd A L$pd L$fu Negp gpl$p p Ó ìehlpfdp u L$V$guL$ khv$ iug nzp Ad L$luA L$ iåv$l$zp eprsa Q V$ép.a¼s b L$gpL$ u fs >Aps dpv$ huk qv$hk u y y Z h^pf kde u L$pmÆ h L$ u dl s A kip^ v$mpb Aphsp lsp. pd ÅZusp lpe Z Ahp gpl$pa psp p râe pó Aphp Ó Z g e p l i A r h õ e d e L $ p f L $ bpbs b u fl AV$gu lv$ Adp KX$pZ lsy. â d Ó p W $ u i { A p s {[¼dZuA L $óz gmgp Ó u B lsu A R>u Ap AL$ R>u AL$ Ó duw$p bl$n pdþx$ knus kp ^pfi i ¼ g A A d u p f M f S > L $ e p. v $ Ñ p s W $ N X $ u õ s L $ p g e ApeprS>s Ap L$pe ¾$ddp L$rh grgs Óhv$u, ksy> hpmp, qv$ i L$p pzu, f p L $ i l p k r g e p, g ÿ d u b l X$pbqfep, X$p. Np fpn v$h, X$p. ky[õdsp v $ h, X $ p. L $ d g f u M. r d g Ó h v $ u krls p gpl$p D [õ s füp lsp. L $ p e ¾ $ d u i { A p s d p g p e b f u e fþö Apfv$iZpA õhpns âhq L$ey lsy. r g r M s N â d d p V $ L $ V $ g p L $ cphl$p p Z Óp dnphpep lsp. Ahp gpl$p y A Óp u fs >Aps L$f pf kp y yõsl$ u kþdp L$fpey lsy. kyr g v$ópå A kp uapa L $ p e ¾ $ d k a m b p h h p S > l d s DW$phu lsu. Apcpf rh^u s rá V$g L $ f u l s u. f p S > L $ p V $ d p e p Å s p kprlðe p rhrh^ L$pe ¾$ddp eprs ipl A Ad u V$ud Üpfp fs > sp hpsp, Óp,L$rhsp p hsf âepn hu cps px$ pfp b u füp (5.12)

9 Adfgu Æ p p Np pg N pd p das fp rhõspf u OV$ p rb u N Aphg v$u X$pA b hj p dpkyd bpml$ apx$u Mp^y Adfgu, Adfgu Æ p p Qgpgp ÆL$ A p h g N p p g N p d N p d d p A p h g das fp rhõspfdp flsp qfhpf p 2 hj p bpml$ kdukps> p kde qv$ X$p D W $ p h u S > s p b p m L $ p r i L $ p f L $ f u pmhp u OV$ p b psp Qgpgp L$dp aax$pv$ dqu S>hp pçep h rhcpn s p pguk OV$ p õ m v$px$u S>C bpml$ v$u X$p ps>f yfhp h rhcpna ip^mpm iê L$fu: gpl$pdp aax$pv$ apx$u Mp pf qv$ X$p u ip^mpm iê L$fu A p b p h d p Å Z h p d m s u rhns dys>b ^pfu spgyl$p p Np pgn pd Npd Aphg das fp rhõspfdp flsp A d S y > f u L $ p d L $ f s p q L $ i p f c p C d kymcpc hpogp s p sd p qfhpf NCL$pg fpóu p 9 hpáep Apk pk S>du A psp p Ty X$udp kysp lsp Ðepf rb u N AL$ L$v$phf v$u X$pA Aphu Ð e p k y s g p A p i f 2 h j p A u g ql$ipfcpc hp^gp pd p bpml$ dp hx$ L$X$u gc qv$ X$p piu Nep lsp. fsy bpml$ u fpx$pfpx$ u Ap ql$ipfcpc s p sd p qfhpf ÅNu S>sp ApMp qfhpf psp p ìlpgpkpep yó bqphhp dpv$ Ap bpml$ p v$pv$p krls p gpl$p qv$ X$p u pr>m v$px$u Nep lsp fsy qv$ X$pA A^pfp p gpc gc piu Ry>V$ép lsp. Ap b ph AN u ÅZ Np pgn pd p gpl$p sp gpl$pa h rhcpn A pguk rhcpn L$fhpdp Aphsp Ap qv$ X$p u s p bpml$ u gpl$pa A^pfpdp ip^ Qgphu lsu. Ð e p f d p X $ u f p Ó u p k d e A p dp hcnu qv$ X$p Np pgnpd dpzphph Npd sfa S>sp dpn D f Aphg AL$ hpx$udp Äep Åf y hphsf L$fg lpe Ðep lphp u ÅZdp Aphsp gpl$pa qv$ X$p cnpx$ép lsp. f s y A p q v $ X $ p A 2 h j p bpml$ y A^p D fps ifuf MpC S>sp A p b p m L $ y d p s r Ä e y l s y. A p OV$ p u ÅZ sp ApSy>bpSy> p gpl$pdp c p f M m c m p V $ d Q u S > h p p ç e p (6.13) 8 dnmhpf âå p âñp dpv$ ipkl$pa õ rieg bpx $ bpgpìey u! õ rieg S> fg bpx $ p brlól$pf L$fsy L$p N k N f u b p d p V $ A p h p k p u v $ f M p õ s f v $ L $ f u rbëx$fp MV$phhp ipkl$p u dgu dyfpv$: X$pNf ipkl$p p cp pmp My p X$ AV$g ânl$ Ngfu b^ L$fu v$u^u: kpnqw$ep y (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) A p N p d u s p. 2 8 p f p S > d p p õ r i e g b p X $ d p L $ g v$fmpõsp dyl$hpdp Aphu d p y õ rieg bpx $dp âå p âñp u QQp hp bv$g cps> p dmsuepap S>du u ëlpzu L$fhp p Apn p kp ApNpdu õ rieg S> fg bpx $ p L$p N k Üpfp brlól$pf L$fhpdp Apìep d p p L $ p N k L $ p e p g e d p epåegu ÓL$pf qfjv$dp rh nu sp hifpd kpnqw$epa L$üy lsy L$, d p p ipkl$p al$s al$s psp p n p õhp Mpsf ApNpdu sp.28 p fps> Mpk S> fg bpx $ bpgpìey Ap bpx $dp L$pC Z Nfubgnu âñ L$ QQp u hp u dpó dpó Adufp gpc MV$phhp õ rieg bpx $ bpgphpdp Apìey ipkl$pa Ry>Ë$p lp S>du p u ëlpzu L$fu h Tp dp X$L$ fpx$ f du. S>du ëlpzu p rhfp^ õv$. kæe O íepdtkl ÅX$ÅA rhfp^ L$ep l s p. A V $ g y S > l ] r l Þ v y $ õ s p V²$prged båf ql$ds L$fsp ApR>p c p h A p u v $ h u A S > e p r s b p d u d r l g p c f s u c f Z u d p båf ql$ds L$fsp ApR>p cph ëlpzu L$fu dlp Nf prgl$p gpmp ê$r ep y yl$ip hp S>C füy R>! h^ydp S>Zpìey lsy L$ Nf fq p eps> p.3 p p dhp Mps SEWS p lsydp u NpX $ lsy dpv$ l s y a f L $ f h p ç e y. L $ r d i f p Ó.17 sp s p s fðh p àgp.l$.w$..10 sp.8-2 p gndp ghp S>Zphpey d p p ipkl$p Üpfp V$pD àgp ]N AL$V$ p My Apd cn C füp b^pfz u ApV$}L$g 46dp A y. S > Å s u A b u Å R > p s hn p gpl$p dpv$ A Apr L$ lusp p fnz dpv$ u S>hpbv$pfu kfl$pf u lpe R> fsy d p p ipkl$p Üpfp Ar^L$pfuAp e L$ âl$pf v$bphu L$pev$p D f hv$ C L$pdp L$fph R> S> p v$pmgp lpg dpsy>v$ lphp p L$lu Apn L$ep lsp. kpnqw$epa h^ydp L$üy lsy L$, S > g p f p d a º V $ f ] N f p X $, L$prl yf A pv $dþv$hpmu ifudp flsp S > e p r s b a V $ p r Z e p c f s u (skhuf: c stkl fpw$px$) d p p L$p N k L$pep gedp ÓL$pf qfjv$ epåc lsu. ipkl$p u ip W$L$pZ gphhp L$p N k L$pev$pL$ue fus ApNm h^i: AipL$ X$pNf c f Z u u S > d u A p u i p k L $ p A r edp p Dgpmuep L$ep ilf L$p N k âdym AipL$ X$pNf L$üy lsy L$, S> fg bpx $dp Ly$g 17 v$fmpõsp dyl$hpdp Aphu S>dp 6 v$fmpõsp S > d u g N s u R >. S y > v $ p - S y > v $ p rhõspfpdp vy$l$p p u lffpæ hp u R> sdp Ak.ku. L$ Ak.V$u. p gpl$p dpv$ A pds fpmhpdp Aphu u. S> fg bpx $dp âñp u pe sp sdp lps>f flhp p L$pC A u AV$g L$p N k Üpfp õ rieg S> fg bpx $ p brlól$pf L$fhpdp Apìep i p k L $ p k s p p Å f â Å p rlsp Ýep dp ghp p bv$g b^y ds >f L$fu v$sp lpe s L$V$gp Ai ìeps>bu NZpe? L$p N k L$pev$ue fus ApNm h^i. bs>v$dp def bpghp qv$^p u! L$p p fi y L$pC Mpk L$pd AV$L$u Åe L$ âå p âñp AN spðl$pgul$ õ rieg bpx $ bpgphhy X$ Ahy L$pC S>Zpsy u dpó dpó rbëx$fp gpc MV$phhp S> bpx $ bpgphp p lsy S>Zpe sp.28-2 p õ rieg S> fg bpx $ bpgphp y L$pfZ al$s cps> p dmsuepap kpqhhp y S> L$pfZ L$ S> fg bpx $ ldip gpl$p p âñp DÅNf L$fhp s u QQp L$fhp A s Z âå u lps>fudp hu Å C A. s u S > Á e p A c p S > p ipkl$p ANpD u psp p L$dp My p X$ s p dpv$ ânl$ Ngfu b^ L$fu R> sds> Sy>v$p-Sy>v$u Qpf V$pD iu dp A p h g i p ] N k Þ V $ f p d p A p d s fmpsu 10% vy$l$p p (Apqakp) L$pC Z A y Å s u - A p v $ u Å s u d p V $ A p d s f M p e g u s u Q p f v $ f M p õ s p Z v $ õ s p h S > L $ f h p u bpx $dp fps>l$pv$ dlp Nf prgl$p u lv$ rhõspfdp Aphsu V$u u õl$ud.3 p p dhp (ApMfu) p Asud MX$.25 "SEWS" p lsy dpv$ A pds fpmhpdp Aphg R> s àgpv$ N p X $ p l s y d p V $ l s y a f L $ f h p u v $ f M p õ s b p X $ d p g u ^ u R >. V $ p D à g p ] N A L $ V $ u Å N h p C d y S > b SEWS p àgpv$ p lsyaf C il$sp u sd R>sp Ap cps> p ipkl$p Üpfp e L$ âl$pf psp u ksp p vy$f D epn L$fu L$f R> s Z b^pfz A L$pev$p u rhê$ý^ S>epsub X$u.aV$pguep S>gpfpd-2, 150 aºv$ f]n fpx$ L$plu yf A pv $dþv$ hpgu ifu fps>l$pv$ dlp Nf prgl$p p h Tp dp Aphg, X$L$ fpx$ D f ""gpc Apa [ågul$ õv²$uv$$'' p pd L$ ps eg. S>du kpd gpzu L$fpsu S > d u h N f S > h u v $ f M p õ s p R > f p S > L $ p V $ u â Å d p V $ L $ p C r h L $ p k L$pdp u v$fmpõsp u L$ s p âñp u QQp u al$s S>du u S> v$fmpõsp R> ss> bsph R> L$ Ap bpx $ al$s dmsuep kpqhhp dpv$ S> sd kpnqw$epa S>Zpìey (1.2) X$sf âñp p hpqp Ap hp fgu dýepl cps> L$d Qpfu dx$m Üpfp L$pg dlpfgu y ApepS> y º y (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) Apg NyS>fps fps>e dýepl cps> L$d Qpfu dx$m Üpfp X$sf â ñ p h p Q p A p h p d p V $ A L $ dlpfgu y ApepS> L$fhpdp Aphgy R >. A p h s u L $ p g A c e O p V $ N p ^ u Apîd Adv$phpv$ u L$gL$V$f L$Qfu ky^u b pf 1 L$gpL$ Ap fgu epåi. Apg NyS>fps kp ÅX$pegp 1 7 r S > p A 6 8 s p g L $ p p â r s r r ^ A p s L $ u l d g p d p e g p iluv$p p qfhpf AL$ qv$hk p Npf Ap i. sds> X$sf âñp hpqp Ap hp dpv$ AL$ dlpfgu epåi. N S > f p s f p S > e d Ý e p l c p S > L$d Qpfu dx$m u dpnp uq dys>b kdp L$pd kdp hs dys>b L$d QpfuAp goysd hs Ap hy sps>sf dp Åd Nf A cys> p Adv$phpv$dp Np^u Apîd u L$gL$V$f L$Qfu ky^u fgu epåi y y y y y y d Ý e p l c p S > L $ Þ Ö p õ h à R > u kõ p (A Æ Ap ) kp hp dpv$ V $ Þ X $ f b l p f p X $ g R > s V $ Þ X $ f spðl$prgl$ fv$ L$fhy fpäe kfl$pf Üfp hp d y p W$fph L$fg R> S> d y S > p d y p b cpn L$fu L$pC Z pzpl$ue bps> px$ép rh p L $ S>Õ p h ^ p e p r h p b c p N L $ f u â d cps> s p põsp Ap hp y W$fphg R> S> dpv$ põsp dpv$ AgN u S>Õ p Ap hp A hp hy d y fv$ L$fu S > p d d S > b Q p g f p M h p A d p f u dpnzu N S > f p s p g p M p b p m L $ p p A p f p Á e d p V $ k p f u N Z h Ñ p h p m kdekf A fsy dm s dpv$ epáe L$fhp rh su kyâud L$pV$ k Q p dys>b v$f hms Ly$qL»$N L$põV$dp 7,5% p h^pfp Ap hp p r v$ i L$fg R> s dys>b R> p 2 hj u hj 16/17 A 17/18 dp h^pfp Ap hpdp Aphg u. A d p f p L $ d Q p f u h e d e p v $ p L$pfZ r h yñ pe R> L$ÞÖ dp gpel$ps p Ap^pf Adpfp hpfkv$pf â d âkv$nu Ap hp Adpfu dpn Ap eps> p dp 70% ] h^y drlgp L$d Qpfu R> cpfs p b^pfz dys>b S> Adpfp drlgp L$d Qpfu âkyrs u få Ap hp Adpfu dpn (5.7) "ê$x$p' p k pv$p: 16 duv$f fõsp My p L$fpep dpv$p dp hp V$u. u. õl$ud rhõspfdp 3 dl$p p D f bygx$ptf afu hþey (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) : ApS> khpf L$pgphX$ fpx$ f Aphg dpv$p dp hp V$u. u. õl$ud rhõspfdp "ê$x$p' Üpfp dnp qx$dpgui L$fpey lsy. fpx$ sds> qfth i p àgpv$ p L$åÅ ghp ê$x$p Üpfp 3 dl$p p D f bygx$ptf afìey lsy. kps Msfpdp OJ pl$u Nep lsp. MX $sp 2 L$gpL$ p kde só Üpfp A pep lsp. rhóï rhlpf u fnpgu pl $ sfa S>sp fõsp 16 duv$f p fõsp My p L$fpep lsp. ApS> khpf u "ê$x$p' Üpfp bygx$ptf ^Z^Îhp lsp.(1.4) fps>l$pv$dp "õ p' kþv$fdp pguk p v$fpx$p ¾$pCd b pq Üpfp ApS> ilf p "õ p' kþv$fp f v$fpx$p px$ep lsp. S> sõhufdp S>f X$ kp fpô²$ eyr. p gbpx$ hluhv$: B.A., B.COM y futëv$ Ålf L$fp fps>l$pv$: ABVP Üpfp kp fpô²$ eyr. p Ly$g rs$ grms fs >Aps L$fpC S>dp S>Zpìey L$, kp fpô²$ eyr hrk V$u Üpfp ghpdp Aphgu B.COM s p B.A. u funp qx$kçbf dpkdp Z ep 70 qv$hkp u h^y p kde ep lphp R>sp Z qfzpd Ålf eg u S> eyyr hrk V$u só u Opf bv$fl$pfu Mp u 5 qv$hk u Av$f futëv$ Ålf L$fhp dpn L$fpC sds> DN Apv$pg u rqdl$u DÃQpfu pguk ÅC ipmp-l$pgs> p R>pÓpA v$pv$ gnphu (kp fpô²$ ¾$pqs ârsr r^-fps>l$pv$) f p S > L $ p V $ i l f d p R > p Q p f qv$hkdp b lðep p b php b sp pguk u L$pdNufu kpd gpl$pdp A L$ QQp Ap su lsu. ¾$pCd b pq Üpfp ApS> ilfdp Qpgsp "õ p' kþv$fpdp v$fpx$p px$ep l s p. A p Ð d u e L $ p g S > k p d A L $ fõv$pfþv$ D f Aphg L$pTu L$pa A e y r. f p X $ f A p h g A ð d O L$pçàgL$kdp iu AÞV$ bpcv$ L$padp L $ b u d p b k g p i p m p - L $ p g S > p R>pÓp pguk kdåhu S>hp qv$^p lsp. eyhl$-eyhsuap p AL$ps yfu px$hp 'õ p' p dprgl$p Üpfp AL$ L$gpL$ p ê$r ep 100 u h^y hkygsp lphp y ÅZhp dþey pguk hx$pap fs afhp Apv$i (kp fpô²$ ¾$prs L$pep ge-fps>l$pv$) : cpfsue hpey k p Üpfp kflv$u rhõspfdp eg ApsL$hpv$u rhfp^u L$pe hplu p kv$c fps>e p sdpd pguk L$rdí f, sdpd fþs> hx$p, sdpd pguk Ar^nL$, Ar^L$ dy e krqh, pguk dlpr v$ il$, Ar^L$ pguk dlpr v$ il$ dy e d L$pA fs afhp Apv$ip Åfu L$fhpdp Apìep NyS>fpsdp lpcagv$ Åfu L$fhpdp Apìep ApS> epåeg ¾$pCd L$pÞafÞk fø L$fu v$hpdp Aphg R> A sdpd Ar^L$pfuAp psp p dy e d L$ Mps fs afhp Apv$ip Åfu L$fu v$hpdp Apìep SAURASHTRA KRANTI (DAILY EVENING) Editor, Printer Publisher & Owner : GADHAVI ASHOK MULUBHA, Place of Publication : SAURASHTRA KRANTI KARYALAYA 125, STAR CHAMBER, HARIHAR CHOWK, PANCHNATH PLOT, RAJKOT ,ph.No.(0281) Printed at: SAURASHTRA PRINTERY, ATIKA SOUTH ARATI SOC. DHEBAR ROAD RAJKOT GUJARAT.