Actors and Institutions. Pension reform case study text for Lesson 4 Ivan Duškov

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1 Actors and Institutions Pension reform case study text for Lesson 4 Ivan Duškov

Actor types and constellations Scharpf s typology of actors: individual and composite actors aggregate and coordinated actors collective and corporate actors No single actor has the means to fully

2 Actor types and constellations Scharpf s typology of actors: individual and composite actors aggregate and coordinated actors collective and corporate actors No single actor has the means to fully accomplish their programme (goal) in the long term. Policy outcomes depend on the constellation of actors in policy interaction. Therefore, a given actor constellation affects the different actors as well as their strategic alternatives which comprise of various strategic combinations of preferred goals and ways of attaining them. 2

Modes of interaction Modes of interaction are the ways actors accomplish policy action (interactions that give rise to specific policies) They are highly differentiated; Scharpf distinguishes between

3 Modes of interaction Modes of interaction are the ways actors accomplish policy action (interactions that give rise to specific policies) They are highly differentiated; Scharpf distinguishes between unilateral action, negotiated agreement, majority voting, and hierarchical direction. They also depend on the institutional setting. Applying Scharpf s typology of modes of interaction to Czech pension reform: government leaders used the mode of majority (power) voting (is it sustainable?) 3

4 Actors, Institutions, Actor-Institutions: Czech pension reform Actors Institutions Institutional actors Public sector politicians and policy advisors (National Economic Council of the Government), public officials, legislators, public media Constitution, law, ministries, Czech Social Security Administration Business sector financial corporations, financial institutions, banks Association of Pension Funds, pension funds, commercial media Civic sector Social media (FB, Twitter etc.), LÍPA Club, Czech- Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions & Council of Economic and Social Agreement, NGOs active in the field of social security (e.g. Council of Seniors) University of Finance and Administration, thinktanks: Center for Social Market Economy and Open Democracy (CESTA), Institute for Democracy & Economic Analysis (CERGE-EI), Center for Social and Economic Strategies at Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University (CESES). Constitutional Court, Government, Parliament, ministries (Ministry of Labour of Social Affairs, Ministry of Finance), Czech Social Security Administration (Central Bureau of Revenue) 4

International Actor-Institutions ILO (International Labour Organization) emphasizes the assumption that government is responsible for citizens security a country s pension system should apply the

5 International Actor-Institutions ILO (International Labour Organization) emphasizes the assumption that government is responsible for citizens security a country s pension system should apply the criteria of social solidarity and pensioners quality of life, but also the equivalence criterion as a possible solution, the ILO proposes an NDC system with higher guaranteed pensions for lowincome earners 5

International Actor-Institutions WB (World Bank): formerly emphasized the criteria of equivalence and budget responsibility, now prefers a balanced model now clearly moving away from the

6 International Actor-Institutions WB (World Bank): formerly emphasized the criteria of equivalence and budget responsibility, now prefers a balanced model now clearly moving away from the model that has recently been applied in the Czech Republic (only without a mandatory second pillar), and instead recommends a Pan-European pension system (NDC, private and social pensions) 6

International Actor-Institutions IMF (International Monetary Fund): alternative measures, long-term consolidation of pension provision, mix of several approaches emphasis on budget

7 International Actor-Institutions IMF (International Monetary Fund): alternative measures, long-term consolidation of pension provision, mix of several approaches emphasis on budget responsibility and long-term resistance (from the government s macroeconomic perspective). OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) recommends diversified models of pension insurance. 7

Actor-centered Institutionalism: Minor Pension Reform Public sector Business sector Civic sector Actors Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions, Czech Social Democratic Party Association of

8 Actor-centered Institutionalism: Minor Pension Reform Public sector Business sector Civic sector Actors Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions, Czech Social Democratic Party Association of Pension Funds, individual pension funds The citizen who litigated to obtain higher pension benefits in proportion to his previous incomes Institutions Council of Economic and Social Agreement, Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms (right to adequate material security and the equality principle), Act No. 220/2011 Coll. Institutional actors Government, Ministry of Labour of Social Affairs, Ministry of Finance 8

Literatura v českém/slovenském jazyce ADAM, Rudolf. Malá penzijní reforma. Oborový svaz pracovníků obchodu: 2011. DOBŠINSKÁ, Zuzana.

9 Literatura v českém/slovenském jazyce ADAM, Rudolf. Malá penzijní reforma. Oborový svaz pracovníků obchodu: DOBŠINSKÁ, Zuzana. Hierarchická a sieťová koordinácia v relevantných politikách pre lesníctvo: aktéri, vzťahy a procesy. Dizertačná práca. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Fakulta ekonomických a sociálnych vied, Reakce ČSSD na tzv. Malou důchodovou reformu. [on-line] [ ] Dostupné z: Malá důchodová reforma v otázkách a odpovědích, [on-line] [ ] Dostupné z: Nález Ústavního soudu ze dne , sp. zn. PI. ÚS 8/07, bod 34. Stanovisko ČMKOS k návrhům 1. zákona o důchodovém spoření, 2. zákona o doplňkovém penzijním spoření, 3. zákona, kterým se mění některé zákony v souvislosti s příjetím zákona o důchodovém spoření a zákona o doplňkovém penzijním spoření. Praha: ČMKOS, [on-line] cit. [ ]. Dostupné z: zákon č. 220/2011 Sb., kterým se mění zákon č.155/1995 Sb., o důchodovém pojištění, ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a některé další zákony 9

Literature in English SCHARPF, W. Fritz. 1997. Games Real Actors Play.

10 Literature in English SCHARPF, W. Fritz Games Real Actors Play. Actor-Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Boulder, CO/ Oxford: Westview Press. 10

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