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43... :..(1374)...».(1377)..«.120-192 25 24 8 7».(1381). 12.«.145-125 42. :..(1383). 2..(1374)..103-94. :..(1377). :..(1371)....(1390).. :».(1387). -72 24 23.«.83 Bieler, R. F. & Snowman, J. (1993). Psychlogy applied to teaching. Houghton Mifflin. Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University..(1961). The act of discovery, In: Harvard Educational Review, 31 (1), pp21-23.. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, Mass: Belkapp Press. Woolfolk, A. E. (1995). Educational psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Vavrus. F.(2009). The Cultural Politics of Constructivist Pedagogies; Teacher Education Reform in the United Republic of Tanzania. International Journal of Educational Development, 29 (3), pp303-311.

( 33 ) 1396 3 9 /( ) 44 Vygotsky, L, s. (1978a). Tool and symbol in child development, In M. cole V. johon s. scribrer & E. Soubeman (Eds). In: Mind in society; The development of higer psychological processes. Cambrige: Harvard University press. Vygotsky, L, s. (1978b). Mind and society: The development higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard university press.