Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, Vol.(1) 4,5,

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1 Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, Vol.(1) 4,5, Thought Action Fusion in Schizophrenia and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Fatemeh Ghadiri Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University Sghadiri@hotmail.com Arash Mirab Zadeh Ph.D. Assistant Professor department Psychiatry Wellbeing & Rehabilitation Sciences U.N Abstract: Thought Action Fusion (TAF) is the belief that having certain thoughts increases the likelihood that a specific event will occur. It is conceptually similar to some aspects of psychosis. Thus TAF may be a specific type of magical thinking which may be observed in both schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). To examine this hypothesis 2 groups of people suffering from schizophrenia (n=16) and OCD (n=30) with a control group (n=28) were compared using the Revised Thought Action Fusion Questionnaire (TAF-R). The results indicate no significant difference between groups on moral TAF and the valence of thoughts. People with OCD had higher scores than the control on likelihood self and likelihood others (negative, positive and harm avoidance), but in comparison with schizophrenics they had higher scores on likelihood self. OCD group also had more responsibility for negative and positive likelihood others, whereas schizophrenics had more responsibility for positive and harm avoidance. Results have been discussed in terms of different functions of thought action fusion phenomenon. Key words: obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, thought action fusion, :. - 16). 28) ( 30) ( ( -. ). ( : 1387/2/10: 1387/2/2: 1386/7/2:

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10 -. 1. Thought action fusion 2. Berle & Starcevic 3. Shafran & Rachman 4. Likelihood - self 5. Likelihood - others 6. Moral TAF 7. Thordarson 8. Ego- dystonic 9. Salkovskis 10. Smari & Holmsteinsson 11. Borkovec, Hazlett stevens & Diaz 12. Zucker & Craske 13. Abramowitz,Whiteside, 15. Morris & 14. Magical thinking Lynam & Kalsy Merckelbach 16. Lee, Cougle & Telch 17. Einstein & Menzies 18. Magical ideation 20. The Revised Thought 21. Amir, Freshman, 19. Byerly, Goodman, Action Fusion Questionnaire Ramsy, Neary & Acholonu, Bugno & Rush ( TAF-R) Brigidy 22. Construct validity 23. Test-retest reliability 25. Goodman, Price,Rasmussen, Mazure,Delgado, Heninger & Charney 28. Rassin & Koster 26. Steketee & Shapiro 24. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale 27. Least Significant Difference 29. Nelson, Abramowitz, Whiteside & Deacon 30. Self - discrepancy 31. Higgins 32. Ought self 33. Actual self ).(1377) (.(1380) (1382) :...(1373). Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S., Lynam, D., & Kalsy, S. (2003). Is thought action fusion specific to obsessive compulsive disorder? :A mediating role of negative affect. Behavior Research andtherapy, 41, Amir, N., freshman, M., Ramsy, B., Neary, E., & Brigidi, B. (2001). Thought action fusion in individuals with OCD symptoms. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39, /5 4 / 414

11 - Berle, D., & Starcevic, V. (2005). Thought action fusion: Review of literature and future directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, Borkovic, T. D., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Diaz, M. L. (1999). The role of positive beliefs about worry in generalized anxiety disorder and its treatment. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, Byerly, M., Goodman, W., Acholonu, W., Bugno, R., & Rush, A. J. (2005). Obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: Frequency and clinical features. Schizophrenia Research, 76, Einstein, D. A., & Menzies, R. G. (2004). The presence of magical thinking in obsessive compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42, Goodman, W., Price, L., Rasmussen, S., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. L., & Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry.46, Hazlett-Stevens, H., Zucker, B. G., & Craske, M. G. (2002). The relationship of thought action fusion to pathological worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 40, Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, Lee, H. J., Couple, J. R., & Teach, M. J. (2005). Thought action fusion and its relationship to schizotypy and OCD symptoms. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43, Leonadrelli, G. J., Lakin, J. L., & Arkin, R. M. (2007). A regulatory focus model of self evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43 (6), Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (2003). Thought action fusion and schizotypy in undergraduate students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, Nelson, E. A., Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S. P., & Deacon, B. J. (2006). Scrupulosity in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: Relationship to clinical and cognitive phenomena. Anxiety Disorders, 20, Rachman, S. (1993). Obsessions, responsibility and guilt. Behavior Research and Therapy, 31, Ranchman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsess ional compulsive problems: A cognitive behavioral analysis. Behavior Research and Therapy, 23, Shafran, R., & Rachman, S. (2004). Thought action fusion: A review. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, Smari, J., & Holmsteinsson, E. (2001). Intrusive thoughts, responsibility attitudes, thought action fusions and chronic thought suppression in relation to obsessivecompulsive symptoms. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, Steketee, G. & Shapiro, L. J. (1993). Obsessive compulsive disorder. In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.). Handbook of behavior therapy in the psychiatric setting (pp ). New York: Plenum Press. 415

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