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Matěj Konečný
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10 ,,,,,,,,,,,,.. /... /. /

20 output port baffle input port

24 rods cones Sensitivity 10 0 S-cone 10 1 M-cone L-cone nm750nm Wavelength

25 Quantal sensitivity nm750nm Wavelength

26 /

27 z Colour matching functions [p.u.] 1.0 y x nm750nm Wavelength ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = + + = + + = = = =

28 nm nm nm 530 nm 540 nm 550 nm 560 nm 570 nm 580 nm y nm 600 nm nm 620 nm 650 nm 780 nm nm 470 nm 460 nm 380 nm x = = = ( )

29 510 nm 500 nm nm 550 nm 560 nm 570 nm 580 nm 590 nm 600 nm 610 nm 620 nm 640 nm 780 nm 490 nm 0.4 v nm 470 nm 460 nm 450 nm 380 nm u = = = =

30 = = + + = + + = + +. = = + + = = =, = = = = + + = + + = + + =.

31 2000 K 3000 K 4000 K 6000 K K K 6000 K 2000 K 3000 K 4000 K ( ) = ( ) [ ]

32 =. /. / +. / +. =. / +. / +. / +. = = =

33 = ( ) +( ) +( ). =. ( =,...,). =

34 = ( ) +( ) +( ). = ( ) +( ).

35 nm nm nm 530 nm 540 nm 550 nm 560 nm 570 nm 580 nm y nm 600 nm nm 620 nm 650 nm 780 nm nm 470 nm 460 nm 380 nm x

38 / / Ec phonon emission energy Ev momentum

39 = = =. E c E t E v a b c d = ( + )+ ( + ).

40 =. =, / = ( ) =.

41 Ec Ev =, =,

42 =, = = Ec Ev =

43 Ec escaping electrons electron blocking layer escaping electrons carrier distribution Ev

44 Ec Ec1 subbands energy Eg1 Eg2 Ev Quantum wells z Ev1 subbands sapphire substrate n-type GaP p-type GaP AlGaInP n-type GaN p-type GaN MQW n-type GaN p-type GaN roughning p-contact n-contact n-contact p-contact n-contact p-contact n-contact

45 = = ( ( / ) ) ( ) = +, =.

46 1.0 I[A] 1.0 I[A] red diode U[V] 0 green diode U[V] I[A] 1.0 I[A] blue diode U[V] white diode U[V] / = ( ( ( )/ )).

47 blue InGaN green InGaN red AlGaInP nm700nm Wavelength red AlGaInP green InGaN blue InGaN ev3.0ev Energy

48 ( ) = ( ) ( ) / Boltzmann distribution density of states intensity FWHM (1.8kT) energy Eg eV Eg+kT/ high energy slope 3.2eV log(intensity) energy eV eV = +/ ( ) ( ( ) ) =..

49 60 C 10 C

50 a) luminous flux at nominal current [lm] green 70.6 white e) peak wavelength [lm] red green b) radiometric power [W] 50.1 red 14.9 blue blue white f) full width at half maximum [nm] green white c) voltage at nominal current [V] 0.38 red 0.25 blue 0.21 white 0.15 green blue red red 3.61 blue 32.9 g) luminous efficacy [lm/w] d) power efficiency [%] 3.56 green 3.40 white white green red 10.0 blue 8.70 white 6.10 green 18.7 red blue C heatsink temperature C heatsink temperature

51 a) luminous flux at nominal current [lm] green white e) peak wavelength [lm] red b) radiometric power [W] 29.4 red 17.4 blue green blue white f) full width at half maximum [nm] red 0.30 blue 0.16 white 0.16 green green 24.7 blue 22.9 red 3.72 c) voltage at nominal current [V] , white 3.58 red 3.55 white 3.54 blue 15.5 d) power efficiency [%] 3.19 green g) luminous efficacy [lm/w] 35.4 green white red 11.6 blue 7.10 green 6.30 white 11.4 red blue C heatsink temperature C heatsink temperature

52 / / / / /

53 = / +. = +. ( )=( ) ( )+ ( ) ( ).

54 1.0 I[A] 1.0 I[A] temperature increase temperature increase 0 red diode U[V] 0 green diode U[V] I[A] 1.0 I[A] temperature increase temperature increase 0 blue diode U[V] white diode U[V] ( ).. ( ) = (.. )+( ) (.. ) ( ), =.

55 Thermal capacitance [J/K] die die attach 10 3 heat slug TIM heatsink Thermal resistance [K/W]

56 die die attach heat slug TIM heatsink dissipated power ambient temperature XY Graph Current I I Tj V I Ploss V XYZ Pin Tj Rth(hs a) IT2IV IV2XYZ Static thermal model Rth(hs a) /

80 60 Flux [lm] 5 2080 Rth(hs-a) 60 Flux [lm] 40 20 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.

57 80 60 Flux [lm] Rth(hs-a) 60 Flux [lm] I [A] Rth(hs-a) I [A] = = / /..

58 = = / / = = = = ( ) ( ) ( ), = = = ( ) ( ) = = =

59 = = = =. = + +( + )( )

60 60k 50k 40k 30k 20k B50/L70 Lifetime [h] 700mA 1000mA 350mA 10k 10k 700mA InGaN diode Tj [ C] AlGaInP diode Tj [ C] k 50k 40k 30k 20k B50/L70 Lifetime [h] 350mA

61 = ( ), =, Flux d

62 v* u* Flux Idc

63 v* 0.01 u* , =,

64 tristimulus X tristimulus Y tristimulus Z X,Y,Z d If,peak y T s T s, AM d T s, PWM x I f,peak /I f, max T heatsink

65 = [ ], = =.. +.

66 wavelength shift [nm] hybrid AM -1 PWM -2 0% 20% 20 C 40 C 60 C I avg /I f.max 40% 60% 80% 100% wavelength shift (nm) AM hybrid PWM -2 0% 20% 20 C 40 C 60 C I avg /I f.max 40% 60% 80% 100% 1.0 duty cycle 1.0 duty cycle C C 60 C I peak [A] C C 60 C I peak [A] ,, = ,, =

67 0.74 y AM 0.06 y AM 0.73 hybrid PWM x hybrid PWM x /

69 0.8 X Y i v Z i v Prad i v i v v u

70 3.30 d = 0.2 d = 0.4 d = 0.6 d = 0.8 d = v i v u =

74 colour colour conversion controller LED driver = = = > = + = = =

75 = = = ( ) ( ) =.. ( ) = =. +. =. +. =. =. = + = = = = + + =

76 = = =. = + =... = =.... = /... = + = =..... [, ]

77 Duty cycle 1.0 } Feasible solution range White LED Green LED 0.0 dre dpinv d = dpinv + spinv/10 Blue LED Red LED = / = / = = = Tristimulus [lm] Z Y X Eab * min 20min 30min 0 10min 20min 30min

78 0.7 Ir Iin Tj Iout V I Ploss V XYZ Ta Pin Ta Tj IT2IV R IV2XYZ R Tambient Thermal model R 0.7 Ig Iin Iout Tj V IT2IV G I Ploss V XYZ IV2XYZ G XYZ Pin Tj Ta Thermal model G Tj 0.7 Ib Iin Tj Iout V I Ploss V XYZ Pin Ta Tj IT2IV B IV2XYZ B Thermal model B 400 Tristimulus values [lm] 300 X Z Y Time [s]

79 temperature colour colour conversion controller LED driver colour colour conversion controller LED driver photodiode

80 / temperature colour colour conversion controller LED driver photodiode colour colour conversion controller LED driver colour conversion colour sensor

81 clear blue green red nm700nm Wavelength blue green red nm700nm Wavelength blue green red nm700nm Wavelength clear violet blue cyan green yellow red nm700nm Wavelength... =......, = =

82 = ( ) = ( ( ( ) ) ) = ( ) 0.8 y x x

83 ir vr red LED model XR YR ZR X Xset PI controller ir,set LED driver ir vr ig vg green LED model XG YG ZG Y PI controller ig,set LED driver ig vg Yset ib vb blue LED model XB YB ZB Z PI controller ib,set LED driver ib vb Zset

84 ir,set vr red LED model XR YR ZR X Xset PI controller ir,set LED driver ir vr ig,set vg green LED model XG YG ZG Y PI controller ig,set LED driver ig vg Yset ib,set vb blue LED model XB YB ZB Z PI controller ib,set LED driver ib vb Zset 160 X Iin Iout Tj V IT2IV R I Ploss V XYZ IV2XYZ R Ta Tambient Pin Tj Ta Thermal model R 130 Y 264 Z PI(s) Iin Iout Tj V IT2IV G I Ploss V XYZ IV2XYZ G XYZ Pin Tj Ta Thermal model G Tj Iin Tj Iout V I Ploss V XYZ Pin Ta Tj IT2IV B IV2XYZ B Thermal model B

85 = =., =. : = + + +

86 < < = = ( + + ) ( + + ) = ( + )+ ( + + )+ ( + + )+ ( + + ). = = = + = < < =. =. = =

87 G G W R R+G+B W R R+G+B B B Maximal flux [lm] Maximal flux [lm] Relative intensity [p.u.] Relative intensity [p.u.]

88 (,, )=, = { } =, =, = <, <, <,, < < < 60 Luminous efficacy [lm/w] K 1000K 2000K 3000K 4000K 5000K 6000K Hybrid 25lm AM 25lm Hybrid 50lm AM 50lm PWM 25lm PWM 50lm 7000K 8000K 9000K 10000K Color temperature

89 (,, )=, = { } = ( + + ), = <, <, <,, < < < ( + + ),,,,,

Fhybrid FPWM 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1.0 10 0.8 0 0.

90 Fhybrid FPWM x y

Fhybrid FAM 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1.0 10 0.8 0 0.

91 Fhybrid FAM x y

93 PFC converter 395 V 30 V DC/DC converter 3 LED driver

94 If + If,r If + If If,g If + If,b

96 ig L1 i1 i1+i2 iout vg Cin Cout vout L2 i ripple 0.75 Current [A] Voltage [V] Ripple magnitude [p.u.] =

97 ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = = +

98 = = ( ) = ( ) + = + ( ) = + ( ) ( ) = + ( ) ( ) = + ( ) = + ( ) = + ( ) = + ( ) ( + ( ) = + )( ) ( ( ) + ( ) + + )( ) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = + }{{} + ( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + }{{} + ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( ) }{{} = + ( ) = ( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ( )

99 ( ) + ( ) ( = + )( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ( + ) ( ) = + ( )+ ( )+ ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) = + ( )+ ( ) ( ) }{{}}{{} + ( ) ( ) }{{} = = ( )+ ( ) ( ) = = ( )+ ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) ( ) = + ( ) + + ( ) + ( ) = + } {{ } + ( )+ ( ) }{{} ( ) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = + = ( )+ ( ) ( ) ( )

100 = + = = = + ( ) = ( )+ ( )+ ( )+ ( ) = ( )+ ( ) ( ) = ( )+ ( ) ( ) = ( )+ ( ) ( ) ( ) ~ ig(t) ~ i1(t) L1 Vgd1(t) ~ ~ iout(t) ~ vg(t) I1d1(t) ~ I2d2(t) ~ D1i1(t) ~ D1vg(t) ~ ~ vc(t) ~ i1(t) C vc(t) ~ vf(t) Rd ~ i2(t) L2 Vgd2(t) ~ ~ ~ D2i2(t) D2vg(t) ~ vc(t) i2(t) ( ) = ( )+ ( )+ ( )

101 ~ ig(t) ~ vg(t) I1d1(t) ~ I2d2(t) ~ ~ 1:D1 i1(t) L1 Vgd1(t) ~ C ~ iout(t) vc(t) ~ ~ vf(t) Rd 1:D2 ~ i2(t) L2 Vgd2(t) ~ ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )= ( )= Vgd1(s) ~ i1(s) ~ ~ L1 i1(s) C Rd Vgd1(s) ~ L1 L2 C Rd L2 ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) +

102 ( ) = ( ) ( ) = + = = + + ( + = ) ( + + ) + = ( + ) + ( ( + ) + ( + ) = + + ( ) = ( ) + ( ( ) = + ) + + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )= ( )= i1(s) ~ L1 C Rd Vgd2(s) ~ L2 i1(s) ~ L1 C Rd L2 Vgd2(s) ~ ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) +

103 ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) = = + + = + + ( + ) = ( ) = + ( ) ( ) + + ( + + )+ = ~ ig(t) ~ vg(t) I1d1(t) ~ I2d2(t) ~ ~ 1:D1 i1(t) L1 Vgd1(t) ~ RL1+D1Rtu+D1Rtd 4 C ~ iout(t) ~ vout(t) ~ vf(t) Resr Rd 1:D2 ~ i2(t) L2 Vgd2(t) ~ RL2+D2Rtu+D2Rtd 4

104 120 Magnitude [db] 0 Phase [deg] 100 ideal Gi1d1 detailed Gi1d f [Hz] f [Hz] ( ) Magnitude [db] Phase [deg] f [Hz] f [Hz] ideal Gi1d2 detailed Gi1d2 ( ) ( ) ( ) d 2 G ild2 (z) Iref PI z -1 d 1 G ild1 (z) I 1 ZOH

105 Magnitude [db] Phase [deg] db gain margin f [Hz] 450 f [Hz] deg phase margin L RS L () > / =.

106 = (). () () = +

107 RS CS RS CS L RL L RL, = / + / = + =( + ) = ( + ) + ( ) = + + = ( ) + + = = =.

108 () ( () + )/ V2 V1 R1 L RL V1 V2 I1 I2 R2 'R2' I1 Va Vb I2 C1 'C1' Vout 'R1' = = = = +. = = = = = = ( )= ( ) ( )= ( + )= ( )

109 = ( )= = = = ( + ) = ( + / ) = + / + / = 1 L Rs L L RL Cs =,

110 =. = =. ()

111 = = {.,.,. } =. =. =. = % =. = = =( )

112 10nF LD Ciss=CGD+CGS CGD RG CDS 1nF Coss=CGD+CDS CGS Crss=CGD LS 0.1nF V VDS () = = ()

113 VGS Vsp Vth ID VDS Eon P t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 Eoff / + ()

114 () R1 R1 V1 V2 I1 I2 R2 'R2' I1 Va Vb I2 C1 'C1' Vout V1 V2 I1 I2 R2 'R2' I1 Va Vb I2 C1 'C1' Vout 'R1' Rbias 'Rbias' 'R1' Vbias

115 IL1,meas IL1 IL2,meas IL2 /, / / / 7 IL1 [A] ADC IL2 [A] ADC

116

117 8 6 IL1[A] measurement 6.75A 8 6 IL1[A] simulation 6.75A s s 100% 95% 90% 85% Iout [A] 80%

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