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Ladislava Navrátilová
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8 = = =. = ( + ) =.

9 = = =. = ( + ) =.

10 = =, = = = = ( )

11 = + = + = = ( ) = = = = = =

12 = = + +, + +, + + +, + + =, +, + + = = =, = ( ) = (,,,,,, (,, ) = ) =

13 =. ( =.) ( =.) ( = )

16 ΔU ΔQ ΔW = +

17 ΔU ΔQ ΔW = +

18 U var du = m c k dθ du = m c p dθ du = l v dm ohřev kapaliny ohřev páry θ = =

19 = = + = = ( + )

20 = = ( + ) = = + > >

22 20 c (MJ m -3 K) θ ( C)

27 = = = vrstva materiálu, = = = = θ 1 θ 2 θ 1 > θ 2 Φ Δx

28 = = = vrstva materiálu, = = = = θ 1 θ 2 θ 1 > θ 2 Φ Δx

29 = = ( = = )

30 = = ( = = )

31 ) θ 1 1. vrstva 2. vrstva R 1 R 2 θ x = = = = θ 2 Φ 1 Φ 2 Δx 1 Δx 2 x

32 = + = +

33 stěna vzduch θ i ( ) θ si přestup tepla zářením } Φ r = S h r (θ si -θ i ) Φ s = Φ r + Φ c Φ c = S h c (θ si -θ i ) přestup tepla prouděním ( ) = + = ( + ) ( ) = ( ) = ( )

34 R si 1. vrstva 2. vrstva R 1 R 2 R se θ i θsi θ x = = = = = θ se θ e Φ s i Φ 1 Φ 2 Φ se = + + +

35 λ (W m -1 K -1 ) θ ( C)

37 = ( ) =. = ( ) ( ) = + + [ ] [ ] = + + ( ) = ( ) + + = ( )+ + = ( ) ( )+ +

38 =,, =,, =, = = = =, = = =,

39 = = = =

40 médium Φ tok tepla r = = = = =.

41 ˆ = = ˆ ( ) = ( ) = ( ) θ 1 r 1 θ 2 r 2

42 = ( ) = = ( ) =

43 R (Km2/W; Km/W) = = + ( ) r 2 r 1 d Růst odporu stěny s tloušťkou R trubka R stěna 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 Tloušťka izolace d (m)

44 θ x r x r 1 r 2 θ 1 θ 2 Φ1 Φ 2 d iz izolace = ( ) = ( )

45 = =, =, +,, =, =, +,

46 = = =,, = =

47 , =, +, +, = + +

48 R T (K m 2 W -1 ), =, +, +, = + + = R celkové R izolace R přestupu 0 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 Tloušťka izolace d (m)

49 = = =

52 = =, =,

53 =, ( = ), [ ( )] =, [ ] ( ) ( ) =, ( = ), ( ( ) = + ( ), )

54 ( ) =. ( ) = ( ) ( ) =. ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = =. = r 2 r 1 d

55 = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )

56 ( ) ( + ) + q(x) vrstva materiálu Δx x x + Δx ( ) + ( + ) = ( ( + ) ( )) =

57 ( ) ( + ) + vrstva materiálu Δx q(x + Δx) x x + Δx ( ) + ( + ) = ( ( + ) ( )) =

58 ( ) ( + ) + Δq Δx q(x + Δx) x x + Δx ( ) + ( + ) = ( ( + ) ( )) =

59 = = =

60 = = =

61 = = =

62 = = = = = =

63 = = = = = =

64 = = = = = =

65 = = ( ) = =

66 = = = = =

67 = + = ( ) = = + + =

68 = = = ( ) + = = + ( ) =,

70 ( ) = ( ) = = = = ˆ = ˆ + = + = ( )

71 ( ) = + = ( ) = + = = = ( ) = + = + = = ( ) = +

72 (, ) = ( ) (, ) = ( ) =

73 (, ) = ( ) (, ) = ( ) =

74 = ( ) (, ) = ( ) (, ) = ( ) (, ) = (, ) = =

75 θ se θ si

76 ( ) = + ( ) + φ ( ) = + ( ) φ

78 ( ) ( ) = + + φ ( ) ( ) = + + φ +

79 ˆ ˆ = ˆ ( + ) = ˆ ( ) = ( + ˆ + φ) ˆ = ˆ φ ( ) = ( ) + ˆ φ ˆ

81 ˆ ˆ ˆ = ˆ ˆ =. ( )

83 ˆ ˆ ˆ = ˆ ˆ =. = ˆ ˆ

84 ˆ

85 ˆ ) ) ) (ˆ (ˆ ˆ (ˆ = ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ

86 ( ) λ θ(τ) h se θ(0) θ(τ) θ e = konst.. θ e Pokles teploty tělesa s časem τ

87 = ( ( ) ) = ( ) ( ( ) ) = ( )

88 = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) = ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) = + ( ( ) ) ϱ

89 = = / / = =,

90 = = =, = =, = = =, = =,, =,

91 = = =, = =, = = =, = =,, =,

92 = = =, = =, = = =, = =,, =,

93 ( ) = + ( ( ) ) ( ) ϱ ( ) = + (, ), =,

95 = =

96 ˇ = ( ) ( ) H λ (a.u.) UV VISIBLE INFRARED 5000 K 4000 K 3000 K λ (μm)

97 H λ (a.u.) UV VISIBLE INFRARED 5000 K 4000 K 3000 K λ (μm)

98 = ( ) ˇ ˇ ( ) ( )

100 = ( ) H λ λmax λ (nm) /

101 = ˆ = ˆ ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( )

102 = ( ) ( ) =, ( ) ( ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) =. < ( ) =.

103 ( ),

104 ( ) =

105 ( ) =

106 ( ) = ( ) < ( ) = ( )

107 ( ) = ( )

108

109 = =

110 =

111 ( = )

112

113 = ( = ( ) ( ) = = = +

114 = + = + = + = + = = + ( )

115 ( ) = ( ) + ( )! ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) ( ) +...!! ( ) =. = ( ). = ( ). = ( ), = + = + ( )

116 = ( ) + = ( ) = +

117 = + = ( + ) ( )

118 = ( ) = + = ( + ) ( ) = ( )

119 = + = ( + ) ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = +

120

121

122

123 = =,,

124 = =,,

125 = = =,, =, = +

126 ,, =, +,,,, =, =, +, =, =, +, +, +, +, =,,, =, +,,,, =, =, +, =, =, +, +, +, +, =, = + = + =

127 mezera R m přepážka R m R m přepážky R m R m R m ( = = ) = ( + )

128 = =, =, = ( ), =,, =, =, = =,

129 ( ) = + = + ( ) = + / = + = =, =, = ( ) =,,, +,, =, ( ) =,,, +,, =, =, +, =,

130 = =, =, =

131 = = = = =, =, =,,,

132

133 = ) = ( )

134 =,

135

136 =,, < =,, < =,, <

137

138 =, < ( =, ( =, (, + ) ), < ), <

139 =

140

141 =,

142 = = ( ) = ( )

143 = =, =

144 = = = ( ) = ( ) =

145 . =

146 = = φ =

147 = = = φ = = = ( φ) (, ) = =,. =

148 = = =

149 = = =

150 = ( )

151 = ( )

152 ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( + )

153 ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( + ) g v (x) S Δx x

154 S ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( + ) Δx g v (x+δx) x

155 ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( + ) g v (x) S -Δg v Δx g v (x+δx) x = ( ( + ) ( )) =

156 = + = = +

157 = + = + = ( ) + = ( ) = +

158 = ( ) + = + > ( ) < ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )

159 ( ) ( ) ( ) = + = = ( )

160 (( =,, ), (( ) =,,, ( ( )) <, + )) >, +

161

162 = =, =, =, =, = φ = =, = = φ = =, = =

163 = + =, = + =, =, = =, (,, ) =, =, = =, =,

164 = = (,, ), =, = = + = + =,

165

166 = + =, = + =, = = (,, ), =, = = + = + =, >

167

168 =, = =, =, = =, = =

169

170 = = = = = ( )

171 kapilára difuse páry

172 kapilára oblast kondenzace difuse páry

173 kapilára oblast kondenzace difuse páry transport kapaliny

174 kapilára oblast kondenzace difuse páry transport kapaliny odpar kapaliny

175

176

177 = = = = =,,, = + +

178 = = = = =,,, = + +

179 = = = = =,,, = + +

180 = = = = =,,, = + +

181 =

182

183

184

185 ,,, ( ),,,,,,,,

186

187

188

189

190

191 ,, /( ),, / /

192 [ ] [ ] / / ( ) = / =

193 [ ] [ ] / / ( ) = / =

194 [ ] [ ] / / ( ) = / =

195

196

197 +

198

199 = = = +,

200 , φ =

201

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= = ε =. = ( + ) =. = = ε =. = ( + ) =. = =, = = =, = ( ) = + ϱ = + = = (ϱ ϱ ) = = = ϱ = ϱ = ϱ = ϱ = ϱ = + +, + +, + + +, + + =, +, + + = = =, = (ϱ ϱ ) = (,,,,,, (,, ) = ) = =. ( =.) ( =.) ( = ) ΔU ΔQ